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• Agricultural extension Extension is top priority for elevating women. Communication of existing policies, programs and opportunities in easy, understandable language and in clear messages to women farmers is important. Improved roads into every village will go a long way in ensuring women farmers have access to markets and services so that they are to sell their agriculture products and to buy much needed production inputs. Gather and standardize gender disaggregated data (sex, age, all categories) so that there is objective and scientific information to work with. Women should be encourag... قراءة المزيدed to transfer technology and know-how among themselves. For example, the Global Farmer Network has a ‘No Till Strategy’ that has farmers working with fellow farmers to transfer knowledge and skills. قراءة القليل

• Financial Services Policies to encourage gender representation in financial services should be adaptive in nature, promote innovation and provide overall direction, capture data and provide a method of evaluation of results. There is need to identify non-tradition assets that can be used as collateral as well as working with communities and financial service providers to ensure that they open women’s ownership of assets. Tools and infrastructure to aid access to financial services should be scaled to reach more women. These include digital savings, digital financial platforms emphasizing... قراءة المزيد women inclusion and payments for environmental services schemes through direct mobile payments. Education programs need to target both financial providers and recipients. Farmers need to understand the financial services business as much as financial services providers understand theirs. قراءة القليل

• Access to Market and Value-addition Promote the establishment of women cooperatives which could help with market access. Small scale farmers produce smaller quantities, cooperatives can play a critical role in helping small-scale farmers to bundle their produce together. Trade facilitation approaches need to be examined from a gender perspective, reducing trade barriers will have positive impact on women. Tariff escalation keeps developing countries from participating in global supply chains. This keeps women producers from entering the marketplace. Support coaching and training to increas... قراءة المزيدe effectiveness of women’s engagement in production and along the food chain. In some countries and for specific products, women are important in agricultural production, unfortunately women are less represented further along the value chain. قراءة القليل

On May 13 2021, 129 leaders gathered in a virtual High Level Dialogue as a contribution to the cross-cutting theme of Gender in preparation for the Food Systems Summit. The need to address gender issues in a holistic manner that ensures all areas and issues affecting women in food systems are necessary to achieve transformation. For example, addressing the lack of access to finance does little if we do not concurrently address the challenges of tenure rights. Policy makers and stakeholders must work together in a coordinated approach to tackle these issues and ensure systemic change. Gender ha... قراءة المزيدs been identified as a cross cutting lever of change for the Food Systems Summit. Communities of interest were grouped around the following areas during the dialogue: • Human rights • Leadership and women’s voices • Proper maternal services • Nutrition for the first 1000 days • Women’s movement and agency • Education programs • Agricultural extension • Financial services • Access to markets and value addition • Entrepreneurship training Some challenges explored include: • Scoping and identifying ways to solve problems related to gender that will lead to transformation in the food system • Actions required in the next three years to have the greatest impact on the different issues affecting gender • Measures of success of the required actions Key issues which kept resurfacing were: • Policies: Governments, organizations and financial institutions need to incorporate gender considerations into their existing policies. • Accountability: Beyond having policies and guidelines in place, governments, organizations and financial institutions must have accountability mechanisms in place to ensure these policies are implemented and adhered to. • Financing: Investment from both the public and private sector is required to ensure gender programs and initiatives are implemented at scale to reach more women. • Partnerships and collaboration: governments, private sector, communities and other stakeholders including men need to work together to address the issues affecting women. • Data and metrics: Identifying metrics for measurement for programs is important and will contribute to availability of data, measuring success, identifying problems and improving programs. Quality disaggregated data should be built into programs before developing metrics for programs. • Tools/Innovation: Programs and initiatives need to provide the necessary tools to enable access. This includes investing in digital tools and emerging ag technologies. قراءة القليل

The UNFSS draft game changing solutions has some major gender gaps which should be addressed urgently. The process will benefit from the inclusion of women as special ambassadors in the action tracks to strengthen the gender elements in the game changers. • Human Rights Access and control are local problems but require global tools to help women’s voices to be heard. Overcoming deeply entrenched systems will require creating channels for dialogue, not for women to just speak but men to be trained to listen, to be fair partners and ‘champions of enlightenment’. Localised dialogues with ... قراءة المزيدwomen in their communities are needed so as to create coherence and to ensure that the discussions are transformed into action and policy. It is also important to understand what empowerment means in different communities. Local engagement is required to understand local perceptions. • Leadership and Women’s Voices There is need to continue creating more opportunities and spaces for women to be represented in leadership positions. Current initiatives must be scaled and encouraged and to bring more women on board. There is need to promote the implementation of existing laws and conventions, such as the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women, UN Commitment to end child marriage by 2030. Institutions need to commit to setting gender-based targets, including quotas in boardrooms and organizational hierarchy and in hiring of personnel. • Proper Maternal Services Over half a million women die annually due to maternity complications. Therefore there is need to understand the linkages between women's empowerment, decision making power and maternal health care. Better information and messaging for vulnerable groups is required. Better investment, better education, more health workers and nutritional services are needed to cover these vulnerable populations. A system approach that involves schools and educational departments can help integrate maternal health education into curriculums. • Nutrition for the first 1000 days A mother’s nutrition during pregnancy and the nutrition a child receives in the first two years of life are vitally important influences in determining good health both now and into the future. These first 1000 days of life set us up for good health across our lives. Public health and nutrition education (also using local knowledge) should be incorporated into school feeding programmes which are also a point of entry into communities. There is need to stimulate and increase public private partnership for collaborations to improve nutrition & health. • Women’s Movements and Agency Women’s movements must be all encompassing ensuring women from all walks of life actively participate, from the small-scale farmer to the CEO. There is need to create a collective agenda that integrates smaller movements and unifies them into larger ones. More spaces to demonstrate the importance of women roles need to be created. Policy decisions and regulatory frameworks need to lock in legal protections for women for land tenure, access to capital, and health and nutrition of women and infants. • Education Programs Training and education have to be part of all identified solutions and embedded in other areas. Too often, solutions and financing are delivered without training and skills building. There is need for training platforms on multiple topics including for technical/home management and income generating projects without gender barriers/attribution. New approaches are needed to ensure education programs address the needs and priorities of both men and women across value chains. Governments need to dedicate budgets to enable women’s access to education and rights. • Agricultural extension Agricultural extension services have not attached much importance to reaching women farmers or women on the farm. There is a lack of data that effectively informs who, what, and where things have to be done. In addition, there is lack of communication to transfer knowledge, from scientific presentations into local languages and easy-to-understand language. There is need for holistic approaches that foster access to extension services by women. Private-public alliances that promote the extension of knowledge and new technologies to women must be fostered. Consideration should be given to who should approach women farmers, depending on country, customs, religious contexts. • Financial Services Real transformation in financial services will happen when gender becomes an integral part of the finance discussion rather than being a separate issue. There is need for governments, development partners and private financial institutions to relook and rework their policies to propel equitable financing for women farmers. These should range from assigning loans quotas for women, providing financial education to both recipients and providers of financial services providers, as well as providing the tools and infrastructure to make financial services accessible to women. Governments need to also create incentives for financial institutions by creating and providing co-financing systems. • Access to Market and Value-addition Gender smart programs require a holistic approach based on comprehensive ecosystem of global and local partners. There is need to have women representation along the entire value chain and not just at the production level. Women farmers must be supported to foster entrepreneurship in a holistic way, facilitate access to productive farming resources, information, technology, capacity... قراءة القليل

• Human Rights Gender is a cross-cutting of issue and should therefore be addressed as such. Women’s issues should not be dealt with in isolation. Policies must be gender-sensitive policies and allow women to have access and control of resources. They should be developed using transformative approaches that allow for the engagement of all stakeholders at a community level where gender norms are deeply entrenched. The role of the private sector needs to be recognized and leveraged to advance women’s empowerment.

• Leadership and Women’s Voices Socialize the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women that asserts that all women have a right to hold political offices, own property among a host of other recommendations. Institutions should commit to gender-based targets for leadership positions in the same way the UN requires meeting nationality quotas. The inclusion of women, especially young women in key discussions at global level policy platforms such as the CFS and the UNFCCC is critical. Women and men in leadership positions should be intentional about mentoring ... قراءة المزيدwomen and respecting their contributions. This calls for men to stand up for women, as with the example of “Sofagate” at the EU Council. قراءة القليل

• Proper maternal services Lack of effective maternal health care services can undermine progress on broader human development. Well-designed cash transfer programmes that aim to be sustainable and have adequate resourcing can improve maternal health. Complementary awareness raising activities are critical for changing behaviour and attitudes at individual, household and community levels. Countries should invest in better education, more health workers, nutritional services and messaging for vulnerable groups. For example, Village Nutrition Volunteers - conduct community nutrition activities... قراءة المزيد and nutrition education; help establish home or community vegetable gardens; formulate village nutrition action plan; prepare master list of wasted, stunted, under- and over-nourished children, pregnant and lactating mothers. Cash transfer program – there are good examples of cash transfer programmes that can be scaled up. For example, in the Philippines, women receive monetary support of 500 pesos (10 USD) per month per household and 300 pesos per school child. Beneficiaries must fulfill two conditions: 1) pregnant women have access to pre- and post-natal care and be attended during childbirth by a trained professional; 2) Parents must attend family development sessions which include topics on responsible parenting, health and nutrition. قراءة القليل

• Nutrition in the first 1000 days Promote high-quality protein foods to improve health outcomes in the first 1000 days. This can be done by improving women’s access to and control over livestock by women. With the focus on women, there is much higher likelihood that this protein nutrition will also reach the rest of the family. School meals and school nutrition programs can be powerful for children to gain early knowledge on nutrition and health, knowledge that also trickles down to families. Partnerships and collaborations between companies and trusted local NGOs should be stimulated to ... قراءة المزيدwork on programs related to the theme of adolescent nutrition and nutrition for the first 1000 days, while acknowledging the sensitivities around the topic related to marketing of infant foods. Public Health and nutrition education (also using local knowledge) should include educating men on the importance of adolescent, maternal and child nutrition, and also on available maternal services. قراءة القليل

• Women’s movement and agency Partnerships are key in creating more spaces for women’s representations. There is need to create a collective agenda that integrates smaller movements and unifies them into larger ones. Local, national and internal women’s movements need to be strengthened to integrate food and farming issues and the role of women in agriculture. Women’s movements have a role to play in ensuring accountability of different actors, especially in higher levels e.g. companies, policy makers, regulatory authorities and in unlocking opportunities for women.

• Education Programs Facilitate girls’ access to go to and stay in school and promote continuing education and vocational training. Girls’ education from an early age is particularly important in addition to women’s education. Formalized mentorship and educational programs for girls tied to other social engagements such as sports and health. These have potential to build confidence and agency. Multi-stakeholder networking platforms should be established to facilitate the sharing of experiences and knowledge. Other actors (e.g., private sector/business) should be included as an opportun... قراءة المزيدity for mentorship and promoting shared experiences/ career knowledge. قراءة القليل

The breakout session which had four groups, gave opportunities to the participants to give their thoughts on two questions below: Q1: Do you think the subject of Food systems resilience is a suitable area to include in priority topics for the EU-AU Research and Innovation partnership on FNSSA in future? How is this important for a bi-continental platform? It was agreed that the concept is important to include. Food systems resilience is a quite recent concept in many Africa where the focus of research has tended to focus on agricultural productivity. There is much that African scholarship can ... قراءة المزيدlearn from European research on this topic. At the same, there also much that European scholarship can learn from African research, as well as Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Africa. This includes • learning from local farming systems, as well as indigenous crops, species and practices. This will assist with issues of declining biodiversity on both continents, understanding how to build back better, and how to change existing food systems towards more desirable outcomes. • A further reason why this topic is important is that research in food systems is a form of foreign policy, especially since other regions are interested in the African food system, and this is not always to the benefit of the continent. • The final issue related to the importance of promoting inclusivity in both regions, and to closer inequalities in food systems outcomes, and in control over the food systems. This is both between Africa and the EU, as well as within countries in each region. • Pandemic such as COVID 19 has disrupted the food system in both EU/Africa hence need to build resilience • Conflicts are affecting Africa with negative ripple effects in EU due to migration. Food systems are not isolated and joint efforts is needed. Challenges: • Conceptual and terminological confusion/’opaqueness’ • Food Systems perspective not prevalent in existing policy documents • Need to incorporate ‘relevant’ concerns of governments for policy Suggestions: • Policy brief: with proposals for common and operational definitions of Food Systems and Resilience definitions • Re-phrasing of Roadmap (‘refinement’) • Focus on interconnections of African and EU food systems (‘manageability’) • Integrate value chain dynamics in a broader 3-dimensional understanding via FSs Economic, environmental, social Q2: How can Research and Innovation (Research and Innovation) contribute to identifying pathways to more resilient food systems? This is about what research questions/ topics/ areas should be addressed in a Europe-Africa FNSSA platform (or Partnership), and linkage to Policy making. Some areas for research include: • better understanding seasonality, both annual and decadal, research on underutilized crops and species, what products and concepts developed in Europe would fit best in Africa, and vice versa. • Research on informal economies in both regions. A theme was how to democratize science, making it available to all, being inclusive. • Research in the area of seed systems, nutrition are needed? • Intensification: What kind of technology (GAP) do we need to intensify to take care of the increasing population? • How can we intensify and protect the natural resources to help us find solution to provide diverse food to the poor? • Inclusiveness in policy formulation? • Need for transdisciplinary teams • Trade related research topics (addressing policy makers’ concerns) • Study around climate smart agriculture and seed policy to ensure ease of movement of seed across the two continents? • Biodiversity: to look at underutilized food crops in Africa. • Youth population is huge and how can they be included in the discuss? • Circular economy is another area to avoid food waste • Consumer psychology studies will be helpful to understand how consumer choose a product • How (according to which criteria) are credits availed to Producers or to Traders or other actors in the value chain? • Finally, farmer-led research, and research on agro-ecology. قراءة القليل

The workshop was designed to be inclusive and participatory, with active engagement of participants through instruments of Chat box, Polling and Mentimeter contributions. Participants were invited to share thoughts, on Research and Innovation themes, topics or issues that they see as crucial for advancing the cause of Resilient Food Systems. There was, as expected, great diversity of views. These are clustered under five broad areas indicated below: a. The need to generate what a Common understanding of what Food Systems Resilience implies. This will include communication and the need for coor... قراءة المزيدdination in capturing and disseminating information and data across all levels and geographies B. Indentification of drivers influencing resilience of Food Systems and sustainability. This should include Research and Innovation for contextual recommendations for ensuring the resilience of Food Systems and the importance of Trade-offs related to ensuring Food Systems Resilience. c. Identifying issues of vulnerabilities and losses. This should include environmental sustainability dimensions as well as local solutions based on cultural, social, and ecological systems. d. Local Food Systems and rights-based issues. This will include exploring local Food Systems solutions that are well-resourced, people-centered, ecologically sustainable and socially just. This also include a A rights-based approach emphasizes that those most affected by food insecurity should not only be able to participate meaningfully, but that governments must be accountable for these rights e. Other Areas of mention were 1)Gender issues in Food Systems resilience and 2) Balancing between food production, environmental conservation and management, and improving livelihoods. قراءة القليل

The mentimeter one-word analysis done shows the emphasis on three themes: Resilience, Sustainability and Participation, as core pillars in the concept and promotion of food systems resilience. The dialogue focused on the Action Track 5. The presentation was done in three segments. The first segment addressed the Conceptual Framework of Food Systems Resilience, including aspects of balancing synergies and trade-offs, as well as providing an analysis of methodological approaches used in Food Systems Resilience. This was followed with a segment addressing Resilience to Shocks and Stresses, includ... قراءة المزيدing policy implications of resilience in Food Systems. The COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts on human health and global food security were used as a case study in this analysis. The third segment provided the Conclusions and Recommendations, emphasizing seven Guiding Principles that came out as essential for building Food Systems Resilience in the face of shocks and stresses. These principles were: i) Maintain diversity and redundancy, ii) Manage connectivity, iii) Manage slow variables and feedbacks, iv) Foster complex adaptive system thinking, v) Encourage learning, vi) Broaden participation, and vii) Promote polycentric governance systems. قراءة القليل

The findings from the dialogue shows that the role of science in improving Food Systems resilience is key for the UN Food Systems Action Track 5 on ‘Build resilience to vulnerabilities, shocks and stresses’. Other conclusions from the dialogue are also listed below: • One of the greatest contributions that the LEAP4FNSSA can bring onboard is bridging the science-policy interface. How can AU-EU Science influence policy in both continents • How do we form a coalition of scientists and policymakers especially within Africa where policymakers are still only asking about how to increase agr... قراءة المزيدiculture productivity instead of looking at how our Food Systems can deliver quality diets, good jobs, equitable livelihood within acceptable planetary boundaries for the population. Until the question change, the science-policy interface will remain an interface with frictions and lack common understanding. The EU-AU partnership LEAP4FNSSA will be key here. • Science needs to change in a way that supports the government to ask the right questions and invest in Food Systems in the face of competing needs like health, infrastructure among others. • There are dissenting voices in science that require harmonization. We need a science governance system that brings the best science on the table to support Food Systems transformation. • How do we keep food moving within countries when there are shocks? How does the African continental free trade area policy open trade among African countries and between Africa and Europe? What kind of question should be asked to ensure the free trade area supports the Food Systems’ resilience. We need data on the impact of trade on the Food Systems. How can we build the role of the local Food Systems within the region? In conclusion, participants were charged that, we do not only need sustainable, resilient, or healthy Food Systems, we need just and equitable Food Systems. Inclusion and equity should be key questions in the conceptualization of Food Systems. The study recommendation also include the integration of Food Systems Resilience in EU-AU partnership research agenda. This should include items such as: • Funding of trans-regional and transdisciplinary research • A platform for joint learning, such as on new challenges and emerging crises (e.g. COVID-19) • A better understanding of the interconnections between African and European Food Systems and joint response mechanisms • Include Resilience in the Research and Innovation partnership as a crosscutting theme. قراءة القليل

Some concerns have been raised about corporate co-optation and the legitimacy of the UNFSS as a democratic process, which was also reflected in the conversations during our dialogue. Some participants seemed to be more optimistic about the overall prospect of the summit, whereas, others expressed their concerns about perspectives of the summit itself, the way it is organized, it’s importance and inclusivity aspects. This divergence appeared to be especially visible in our different breakout sessions. Some groups jointly created a sense of hope and focused on future possibilities, however, ot... قراءة المزيدher conversations turned out to be rather based on underlying legitimacy issues which undermine the process itself. Another divergence that emerged from a breakout session was who would take on the leading role and responsibilities needed to implement and monitor the solutions proposed in the Food System Summit. Whether it should be the UN agencies or Governments while NGOs act as watchdogs. No clear conclusion was met but UN agencies were emphasized to have more of an active and leading role although the lack of power from the UN was recognized. قراءة القليل

50by40 and Action Track 2, led by Dr Gunhild Stordalen, Founder and Executive Chair of EAT, UN Food Systems Summit, convened an independent UN Food Systems Summit Dialogue ‘Engaging Powerholders in Catalysing Food Systems Change’. The event brought together a wide range of stakeholders, including civil society groups, those from the private sector, national, regional, and international bodies. All in all, 59 participants joined the conversation. This was a perfect number to ensure lively and in-depth discussions in the breakout groups, simultaneously allowing a wide range of stakeholders t... قراءة المزيدo be represented. The dialogue aimed to generate a critical set of suggestions from civil society representatives for each of the stakeholder groups identified below on how to ensure inclusivity and actionability of the Summit outcomes and determine a pathway for taking these outcomes forward. As a conversation starter, the event serves as an essential step towards the Pre-Summit in July. The dialogue was curated by Lasse Bruun, CEO of 50by40 and Global Civil Society Lead for Action Track 2 of the UN Food Systems Summit. Speakers: - Lasse Bruun, CEO of 50by40 and Action Track 2 Global Civil Society Lead (Dialogue Curator) - Dr Gunhild Stordalen, Founder and Executive Chair of EAT and Action Track 2 Chair - Yon Fernandez-de-Larrinoa, Chief of the FAO Indigenous peoples Unit Facilitators: - Zachary Tofias, Director of the Food and Waste Program at C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group - Helena Wright, Policy Director at the Jeremy Coller Foundation - Lana Weidgenant, Deputy Director at Zero Hour International and Action Track 2 Youth Vice-Chair - Vositha Wijenayake, Executive Director at SLYCAN Trust - Jørgen Torgerstuen Johnsen, Consultant, Food and Nutrition Action in Health Systems unit at WHO - Lina Mahy, Technical Officer, Food Systems Unit of the Department of Nutrition and Food Safety at WHO The core part of the event was breakout discussions organised around different stakeholder groups: - Intergovernmental - National - Subnational - Citizens/Consumers - Private Sector/Investors Key question: - What are the concrete steps key stakeholders/powerholders can take, from the perspective of civil society to action recommendations coming out of the Summit? Questions addressed in the breakout sessions: - How to ensure that the key recommendations are both inclusive, ambitious and actionable? - How to make them applicable and linked to other existing processes and multilateral frameworks? - What should actors at each level of food systems do to take these recommendations forward? - How to empower key actors of the food systems to facilitate a successful implementation? Event format: - Introductory statements by a diverse group of relevant and esteemed speakers (30 min) - Breakout discussions with an interactive element using an online collaboration tool called Miro to capture and share thoughts and notes. (60 min) - Sharing key learnings/reporting back (30 min) قراءة القليل

- It is essential to define key areas and set one strong core message/goal/statement, e.g. Demand for Food Justice to bring to COP26 (prevent from lobbying) - Localise solutions: Focus on local businesses, ensure availability of healthy and plant-based food Meet communities where they are and adapt nutritional recommendations Tailor-made strategies for specific areas Open communication on the politics of how the implications would be for different countries - Distribution of power and capital in our food systems: ensure a fair allocation at all stages of the food chain and include everyone in ... قراءة المزيدdecision making - from seed production to where we purchase our food - Scale up CSO actions to ensure accountability and transparency (watchdog role) - Identification of responsibilities linked to other processes at a national and international level - Communication: Improve clarity: who is involved in decision-making, identifying success stories and private sector leaders, i.e. who is in the leadership teams of each Action Track? Ensure language used is inclusive, empowering and builds trust (tool kits, key areas to focus on, stakeholders who might be positive to change) - Inclusivity: Having policies and processes that are inclusive and participatory, which include actors who are not focused only on the food sector (holistic approach) Multi-actor processes and having key actors including vulnerable communities at the decision making tables - all groups should be able to participate, including across civil society - Focus on outcomes that feed into existing processes; building on existing entry points and scaling them up to ensure that it is possible to increase ambition - More focus on capacity building and enhancing technical expertise for stakeholders and CSOs to engage in concrete actions - Networks and Connections: It’s critical to connect the dots: Intergovernmental processes need to be better connected, such as COP and FSS Building bridges between stakeholders/ different actors working in silos, i.e. food systems on the environment etc.; networks cross-cutting expertise/actors; national dialogues or committees; Enhancing coordination across sectors at the national level For sub-national governments to be fully included in advancing solution sets that emerge from the Summit, a bridge must be built into the formal National FS Dialogues and the commitments being made at national levels - Actions leading to making the healthy choice the easy choice – accessibility, affordability Identifying how the outcomes could contribute to different national and international processes – contributing to the integration process قراءة القليل

Intergovernmental: - Investing in testing and pilot projects with farmers and producers, especially in areas with limited resources, to get early feedback to include into the process is crucial - For complete transparency, the FSS government structure should be open to civil society, and an accountability system should be set up, shared and owned by all the stakeholders - Connect all the multilateral frameworks that exist already (including trade aspects to be built on) to change food systems, e.g. UNFCCC, SDGs, Sendai Framework, CFS, regional or bilateral processes - Food Systems have to play... قراءة المزيد an essential role at COP26 - catalyse civil society towards it; this is a role of the UN - UNFSS representatives should take urgent action in engaging underrepresented groups more actively - Informing about the term Food Systems is essential to raise awareness across all levels of engagement - explanation/storytelling is needed to create necessary common approach/synergies - Engage UN Member States as champions for the solutions that the FSS recommends - Stakeholder engagement in different states /cities is necessary to include vulnerable groups - All actions must be transdisciplinary, inclusive, and aligned with rights-based approaches to achieve equitable food systems transformation. - This includes building processes and policy platforms on democratic principles, including transparency, accountability, and inclusive participation to ensure that interventions are both evidence- and rights-based. قراءة القليل

National: - To empower key actors in food systems, the focus on accessibility and affordability as well as the guarantee of technical and financial support provided for the implementation of actions are essential - Enhance coordination across sectors at the national level - Having a mapping of each actor’s role at the end of the Summit to carry forward actions and ensure that they are concretised - Risk management, risk transfer, social protection, and focus on resilience building factors are important - Directly reaching out to national governments is crucial– preparations to engage with ... قراءة المزيدexisting actors to bring in different actors - Ensure that government subsidies are going towards supporting the vulnerable communities/farmers etc. - Actions that focus on going back to basics – systems thinking and systems innovation, taking into account externalities and systems solutions - Actions that focus on changing the existing thinking which is leading to unhealthy food systems, and food choices - It is crucial to consider qualitative as well as quantitative indicators, and targets are being set up accordingly - It is crucial to balance incremental (no bandage solutions) and systematic approaches (new ways of looking at, trade etc.) - The UN Food Systems System is voluntary – what is the best way to engage countries? (balance to be innovative and conservative in ways that do not scare away countries) - Shifting policies towards focusing more on broader actions and implications - tangible solutions قراءة القليل