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The HEALTHY STORiES = GOOD FOOD event had a focus on Action Track 1 with the recognition that the other action tracks relate to Action Track 1 as shifting to sustainable consumption patterns, building resilience to shocks and stress etc are fundamental determinants of ensuring access to safe and nutritious food for all. This consideration of all action tracks also aligns with Indigenous knowledges of the interconnectedness of food system elements, people and the natural environment. This is reflected in the HEALTHY STORiES = GOOD FOOD artwork, where Jarrod says, "In this artwork I have tried t... قراءة المزيدo represent HEALTH STORiES in a number of ways. In the middle of the painting is a group of people eating - we come together at meal time. The situation in which we eat is equally as important as the food we eat. Surrounding these are nuts, berries and witchetty grubs - important traditional food sources that our old people survived off for millennia, we need to take lessons from these (even if our food sources have changed) and watch what we are eating always. Stretching in four directions are the journeys we make for food, with a yam plant in each corner and bush food extended off of the branches. This represents our health journey, there are many paths we can take. The hands and spirals represent the relationships to people we have. These can also be important in our relationship with food, we need to surround ourselves with the right people and also encourage each other to eat well and nurture each other in times of health and illness alike." In this dialogue, HEALTHY STORiES = GOOD FOOD 4, we explored the theme of the 4Ps of marketing for healthy food in relation to community food retail businesses and levers of change for improved community health and wellbeing. We showcased innovative initiatives led by Indigenous communities and leaders as such initiatives can be overlooked by governments and organisations, perpetuating a history of imposed and inappropriate policy-action that is neither effective nor sustainable for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Underpinning our event was the recognition of the human right of Indigenous Peoples to participate in and lead decisions impacting their lives, communities, culture and lands. Store directors with access to evidence and information needed for decision-making are putting policies in place in their stores for the health of families and the community (e.g., as shown in the ALPA Healthy Stores 2020 short story, and the sugar-reduction policies in the communities of Ali Curung and Engawala). These policies are innovative, bold and trail-blazing and come from recognition of community leaders of the devastating impact on health of high fat/sugar/salt/highly processed foods and drinks. There is little evidence of these bold policy actions being implemented by non-remote retailers in Australia and/or overseas. This dialogue shows ownership of these store-related policies by Indigenous community leaders and how this community leadership underpins the successful implementation of these policies for the benefit of the community. While not a discussion point of this dialogue, these store-related policies aimed to reduce purchase of unhealthy foods, also relate to the Action Track 2: shift to sustainable consumption patterns. Unhealthy foods are usually packaged, contribute to overconsumption and are not needed in a healthy diet. The current high production of these unhealthy products is detrimental to the environment. For this HEALTHY STORiES = GOOD FOOD dialogue we featured stories from: Northern Western Australia - Bidyadanga Community Store: Use of nutrition promotion and social marketing for increasing healthy food sales, Boab Health Service and Cancer Council WA Alcoota and Ali Curung, Northern Territory - Sugar reduction strategies and community store policies: Engawala Store (Alcoota) and Mirnirri Store (Ali Curung), Outback Stores (OBS) Santa Teresa, Northern Territory - Uncle Jimmy says....ThumbsUp! Good Tucker Long Life store and nutrition promotion including the Good Tucker App, Uncle Jimmy Thumbs up! قراءة القليل

The Healthy Stores 2020 randomised controlled trial conducted by the Arnhem Land Progress Aboriginal Corporation in partnership with Monash University and other universities, provides empirical evidence that making unhealthy foods less visible in the store (i.e., restricting their merchandising) can reduce the amount of sugar from food and drinks sold and not adversely impact the store business. The Ali Curung and Engawala Stories also provide evidence of how store directors can make bold policy decisions in relation to their store businesses that can impact on the health and wellbeing of the ... قراءة المزيدcommunity. We need to share these stories/evidence and have conversations with all communities so store directors can consider the Healthy Stores 2020 strategy and other successful strategies (such as the Ali Curung and Engawala stories) for their store and community for the benefit of all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Visual signs on store shelves can point out the healthy choice to customers as shown in Santa Teresa and Bidyadanga communities. Community-designed visual signs (shelf talkers) showing good food choices with community-wide healthy food promotion (such as cook-ups and displays in school, child care etc) can help increase people’s knowledge of healthy food choices as shown in Bidyadanga community. This nutrition/healthy food promotion needs to be ongoing and lead by people in the community with all community settings involved (such as school, child care, sport and recreation centres). Evidence-based resources have been developed to support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander store directors make good policy for the promotion of healthy food and less promotion of unhealthy food in their stores (refer to Healthy Stores 2020 Policy Options, Good Tucker App). The Healthy Stores 2020 Policy Options co-designed with Store directors, retailers, practitioners, policy-makers and academics combine the most current research evidence on use of the 4Ps to promote healthy food and disincentivise unhealthy food with evidence from the ground on what is feasible and acceptable. These Policy Options can inform policy standards for health promoting stores. A five-year research project (2021-2026), Benchmarking for healthy remote stores, funded by the Medical Research Future Fund, Australia, and involving academics, retailers, community leaders, public health nutrition practitioners, and policy-makers, will develop with remote store and takeaway owners and operators, a way to support store directors/owners across remote Australia consider and put in place evidence-informed policy to promote healthy food and promote less healthy food in their stores. قراءة القليل

1. There be consideration for the establishment of a community-based nutrition promotion workforce where community members are trained and adequately supported (by public health nutritionists/dietitians) as local nutrition promotion officers. These nutrition promotion officers to be involved in: a. Community-wide nutrition promotion through cook-ups, group education, hunting trips and education on traditional foods to children in schools with elders b. Store assessments so as to provide information to store owners/ operators on where improvements could be made for the promotion of healthy food... قراءة المزيد and less promotion of unhealthy food c. In partnership with stores, set-up and maintenance of store promotional activity, such as shelf talkers 2. Resources (i.e., healthy stores 2020 policy options and Good Tucker App) be made available to store owners and operators to guide their policy making for promotion of healthy food and less promotion of unhealthy food 3. Store owners/operators, community leaders, Aboriginal health services, government policy-makers, nutrition practitioners work as a collective to develop a sustainable way building on all the work to date to support all store directors/owners make good policy to promote healthy food and promote less healthy food in their stores. قراءة القليل

The HEALTHY STORiES = GOOD FOOD event had a focus on Action Track 1 with the recognition that the other action tracks relate to Action Track 1 as shifting to sustainable consumption patterns, building resilience to shocks and stress etc are fundamental determinants of ensuring access to safe and nutritious food for all. This consideration of all action tracks also aligns with Indigenous knowledges of the interconnectedness of food system elements, people and the natural environment. This is reflected in the HEALTHY STORiES = GOOD FOOD artwork, where Jarrod says, "In this artwork I have tried t... قراءة المزيدo represent HEALTH STORiES in a number of ways. In the middle of the painting is a group of people eating - we come together at meal time. The situation in which we eat is equally as important as the food we eat. Surrounding these are nuts, berries and witchetty grubs - important traditional food sources that our old people survived off for millennia, we need to take lessons from these (even if our food sources have changed) and watch what we are eating always. Stretching in four directions are the journeys we make for food, with a yam plant in each corner and bush food extended off of the branches. This represents our health journey, there are many paths we can take. The hands and spirals represent the relationships to people we have. These can also be important in our relationship with food, we need to surround ourselves with the right people and also encourage each other to eat well and nurture each other in times of health and illness alike." In this dialogue, HEALTHY STORiES = GOOD FOOD 3, we explored the theme of food affordability and pricing for healthy food in relation to the community food retail businesses and levers of change for improved community health and wellbeing. Food insecurity is experienced by the majority of households in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Food prices are dramatically higher than in urban centres due to remoteness, high food retail business overheads, limited food retail business buying power; incomes are dramatically lower due to limited employment opportunities and/or western-imposed views on what constitutes work, lower education attainment. We showcased innovative initiatives led by Indigenous communities and leaders as such initiatives can be overlooked by governments and organisations, perpetuating a history of imposed and inappropriate policy-action that is neither effective nor sustainable for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Underpinning our event was the recognition of the human right of Indigenous Peoples to participate in and lead decisions impacting their lives, communities, culture and lands. We featured community stories from: Thursday Island, Northern Queensland - Fruit and Vegetables in focus (quality & pricing improvements), CEQ Thursday Island Store Laynhapuy Homelands, Northern Territory - Homeland stores: An essential services health model, Laynhapuy Homelands Aboriginal Corporation (LHAC) قراءة القليل

Food affordability is a lead contributor to the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. High cost of groceries and home goods coupled with low income and inadequate household storage and food preparation facilities result in purchase of non-perishable “filler” foods (energy dense-nutrient poor foods) or take-away food (that ends up being more expensive than a home prepared meal and/or of low nutritional value because of limited choice). These important social determinants of diet and health need urgent attention by policy-makers with community leaders to ... قراءة المزيدaddress inequities in food price experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. The right to affordable food was presented as a human right in this dialogue event. Investment in local food procurement and production will contribute to provision of a more secure, sustainable and affordable food supply in remote communities. Using an essential service model, as shown by Bawinanga Aboriginal Corporation with the Tucker Run (refer to HEALTHY STORiES dialogue 2) and Laynthapuy Homelands Aboriginal Corporation with Gan Gan store, are examples of two Aboriginal corporations, enabling access to grocery and home goods to Peoples living in homelands. Store owners/operators have put a number of different policies in place to help make healthy food more affordable (e.g., off-setting freight costs on fruit and vegetables, better price deals with suppliers e.g. $1 for 600ml bottled water, increasing mark-up on unhealthy food to fund decreased mark-up on healthy food). Small economies of scale, high overheads (e.g., infrastructure maintenance, utility costs) and freight costs however all contribute to the higher cost of food in remote communities compared to urban centres and so stores cannot fully address the price differential whilst running viable businesses. A better understanding of factors contributing to higher food costs in remote communities is needed to inform policy decisions on how best to support reduced food costs. In addition timely information systems are needed for monitoring and feedback of food pricing and food affordability to policy-makers including retailers and community leaders to inform appropriate policy action. قراءة القليل

The areas for action that emerged from dialogue discussion points for further discussion and consideration with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community leaders included: 1. Urgent attention be given by government to determine with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community leaders the best policy approaches to address the high cost of groceries and home goods in remote communities 2. Continued access to groceries and home goods be provided for Homeland residents 3. A timely and reliable monitoring and feedback information system be established to provide community store owners/ope... قراءة المزيدrators with information needed to guide policy making for healthy stores 4. Serious policy consideration be given to investment in local food procurement and production for a secure, sustainable and affordable food supply in remote communities. قراءة القليل

The natural environment has provided for the nourishment and health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples for millennia with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in turn managing and caring for the environment. The intergenerational knowledge of the natural foods, their growth, harvesting, preparation and conservation continues. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples since settler colonisation continue to fight for access to and ownership of their customary lands and waters, and for the protection of the environment. April Campbell, Assistant Teacher an... قراءة المزيدd Coordinator for language and culture, in the Ti Tree Farm Garden Store film, speaks of the importance of passing knowledge of the food and waters to the younger generations so they can continue to fight for access to these and for their protection. The critical importance of intergenerational transfer of Indigenous knowledges of food, water, country, kinship and culture for health and wellbeing and environmental sustainability was a recurring theme that emerged from the events films and the curator’s interview with Associate Professor Elaine Maypilama. Dr Maypilama shared the story of her childhood of living with her parents ‘on country’ and her learning about the plants, animals, the environment and people's relationship with the environment. She emphasised the changes that have happened in the food system in her lifetime. A further theme was how Stores and Takeaways enable Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples to live on their country with their families. This was illustrated by the Tucker-Run film. Without the delivery of food to homelands, a large proportion of people’s income is spent on travel for food and other goods. Not all people living on homelands in Australia however have this service available to them. Bawinanga Aboriginal Corporation are a not-for-profit organisation and bear the cost of this service. Local and Indigenous owned food enterprises (such as Bawinanga WildFoods enterprises, SEISIA meatworks and community farms/gardens) are important to secure a sustainable food future for remote communities and provide affordable options for communities. These enterprises also advance equitable livelihoods providing opportunity for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples to participate in the local economy whilst enabling looking after of resources and passing on knowledge to younger generations. These enterprises however require adequate investment in infrastructure and workforce development and appropriate government policy to support this and provide flow on resource commitment as commented about by Floyd Constable in the dialogue. There has been a history of good-intent community garden/farm initiatives in remote communities of Australia that have failed due to inadequate foresight of capital and human resources needed for these ventures. There are stories of success however to learn from. Stores can help make locally sourced foods available to the community as shown by the Maningrida Wild Foods Café, and Ti Tree farm gardens and store. Community gardens can also familiarise children to different types of store plant foods as shown in the Ti Tree farm gardens film. A further discussion point was how the quality and range of store food available to people living in remote communities has improved since the 1990s due to government investment in food delivery routes and store infrastructure. Provision of a quality food service to remote areas of Australia however is costly. Continued investment in infrastructure is needed to maintain a quality and affordable food supply in remote communities. This needs urgent consideration particularly in light of the vulnerability of the food supply to remote communities in Australia as demonstrated with Covid-19 and the future shocks to the food supply that are likely to occur with climate change. A further reason why local food production initiatives need serious consideration with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community leaders. قراءة القليل

The following actions emerged from the discussion points for further discussion and consideration on who should take this action, ways progress could be assessed and challenges that might be anticipated with implementation. 1. Appropriate policy be in place to support intergenerational Indigenous food system knowledge transfer, for food and water secure communities and protected environments 2. There be continued policy investment in provision of groceries and home goods to homeland communities. Bawinanga Aboriginal Corporation provide a model of how this can be done. 3. There be adequate inve... قراءة المزيدstment in infrastructure and workforce development for Indigenous led local food procurement and production enterprises in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities 4. There be continued investment in infrastructure improvement to enable remote store businesses to provide quality, affordable and a full range of grocery items to communities These discussion topics focus on the role of government policy in commiting resources to enable remote communities ensure access to safe and nutritious food for all,enable sustainable consumption patterns etc. قراءة القليل

The HEALTHY STORiES = GOOD FOOD event had a focus on Action Track 1 with the recognition that the other action tracks relate to Action Track 1. This consideration of the relatedness of action tracks aligns with Indigenous knowledges of the interconnectedness of food system elements, people and the natural environment. This is reflected in the HEALTHY STORiES = GOOD FOOD artwork where Jarrod says, "In this artwork I have tried to represent HEALTH STORiES in a number of ways. In the middle of the painting is a group of people eating - we come together at meal time. The situation in which we eat ... قراءة المزيدis equally as important as the food we eat. Surrounding these are nuts, berries and witchetty grubs - important traditional food sources that our old people survived off for millennia, we need to take lessons from these (even if our food sources have changed) and watch what we are eating always. Stretching in four directions are the journeys we make for food, with a yam plant in each corner and bush food extended off of the branches. This represents our health journey, there are many paths we can take. The hands and spirals represent the relationships to people we have. These can also be important in our relationship with food, we need to surround ourselves with the right people and also encourage each other to eat well and nurture each other in times of health and illness alike." In this dialogue, HEALTHY STORiES = GOOD FOOD 2, we explored the theme of food supply, food delivery and local food economies in relation to the community food retail businesses and levers of change for improved community health and wellbeing. We showcased innovative initiatives led by Indigenous communities and leaders, as such initiatives can be overlooked by governments and organisations, perpetuating a history of imposed and inappropriate policy-action that is neither effective nor sustainable for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Underpinning our event was the recognition of the human right of Indigenous Peoples to participate in and lead decisions impacting their lives, communities, culture and lands. The stories of community initiatives featured: Maningrida, Northern Territory - Wildfoods Enterprises (commercialisation of local foods) and Tucker-Run (supplying groceries to homeland residents), Bawinanga Aboriginal Corporation Ti Tree, Northern Territory - Remote community garden supplying the store, a community meals program and teaching children about Indigenous foods, Ti Tree Farm Garden Store Cape York Region, Northern Queensland - Local Indigenous run abattoir supplying local remote store, Seisia Meatworks قراءة القليل

The HEALTHY STORiES = GOOD FOOD event had a focus on Action Track 1 with the recognition that the other action tracks relate to Action Track 1 as shifting to sustainable consumption patterns, building resilience to shocks and stress etc are fundamental determinants of ensuring access to safe and nutritious food for all. This consideration of all action tracks also aligns with Indigenous knowledges of the interconnectedness of food system elements, people and the natural environment. This is reflected in the HEALTHY STORiES = GOOD FOOD artwork, where Jarrod says, "In this artwork I have tried t... قراءة المزيدo represent HEALTH STORiES in a number of ways. In the middle of the painting is a group of people eating - we come together at meal time. The situation in which we eat is equally as important as the food we eat. Surrounding these are nuts, berries and witchetty grubs - important traditional food sources that our old people survived off for millennia, we need to take lessons from these (even if our food sources have changed) and watch what we are eating always. Stretching in four directions are the journeys we make for food, with a yam plant in each corner and bush food extended off of the branches. This represents our health journey, there are many paths we can take. The hands and spirals represent the relationships to people we have. These can also be important in our relationship with food, we need to surround ourselves with the right people and also encourage each other to eat well and nurture each other in times of health and illness alike." In this dialogue, HEALTHY STORiES = GOOD FOOD 1, we explored the theme of the policy role of stores and take-aways in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in relation to community health and wellbeing and levers of change. We showcased innovative initiatives led by Indigenous communities and leaders as such initiatives can be overlooked by governments and organisations perpetuating a history of imposed and inappropriate policy-action that is neither effective nor sustainable for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Underpinning our event was the recognition of the human right of Indigenous Peoples to participate in and lead decisions impacting their lives, communities, culture and lands. Themes explored were how locally harvested foods in communities can be made available for sale through locally (Indigenous) operated and owned take-away businesses and that the employment and training of local Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in these enterprises can provide meaningful employment and livelihood pathways. A further theme was the importance of creating opportunities for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in food retail and business operations to train other Aboriginal Peoples and the benefits and cultural appropriateness of this type of training. This theme also explored how the provision of quality training in kitchen operations and food preparation for Aboriginal Peoples can help ensure the availability of healthy meals and prepared foods in remote communities and thereby contribute to the health of the community, where presently access to healthy pre-prepared foods is limited. Issues raised were that current government funding schemes do not recognise store businesses as providing essential services to remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities and yet store businesses and the quality, range and price of foods and goods they provide directly impacts the health and wellbeing of the community. Many store businesses operating in remote Australia particularly those owned by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities have prioritised health and wellbeing in their store policies and wear the business costs of these bold and innovative policies. Recognition by government of the health-promoting role of food retail businesses in communities and the potential health-cost benefit of these store policies by provision of funding incentives could strengthen the uptake of these policies across remote communities to the benefit of all communities. قراءة القليل

A number of findings emerged from our HEALTHY STORiES = GOOD FOOD event that were presented at the AMSANT food security summit in June 2021 to stimulate further discussion to support healthy, affordable and sustainable food systems in remote Australia. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples are leading transformation of their stores and takeaways to be healthy through innovative policy that recognises the impact that food price, availability and promotion/marketing has on food choices and community health. Non-Indigenous people can assist this transformation by supporting Indigenous Peo... قراءة المزيدples as trainers of their own people, and providing technical support and evidence/information to inform policy-making where needed. With appropriate training opportunities, the food retail sector is contributing to the training, preparation and aspirations of future store business leaders, Aboriginal corporation leaders, and community leaders. Funding opportunities (such as grants for infrastructure improvement and workforce development) are necessary to enable stores and takeaways to provide a quality service to their communities and continue to strengthen store policy that promotes healthy affordable and quality food for all. A regulatory framework with inbuilt funding incentives co-designed with Indigenous Peoples could potentially support standardised store and takeaway business practices for quality, healthy and affordable food and goods including professional advice readily available to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander store directors. With appropriate and adequate training and infrastructure support, takeaways in remote communities can offer quality, affordable and healthy meals. قراءة القليل

The actions that emerged from the story-telling, presenters and panellist discussion for further discussion and consideration were: 1. Non-Indigenous Peoples be trained on how best to support Indigenous leadership and be ready to learn from Indigenous peoples before engaging with communities and when in community 2. Training be structured so Indigenous Peoples are training Indigenous Peoples 3. Funding schemes (such as grants for infrastructure improvement and workforce development) recognise the essential service role of stores and takeaways across remote Australia to enable stores provide a ... قراءة المزيدquality service to their communities including the provision of healthy, quality and affordable food and goods 4. Focus be on improving the quality, affordability and healthiness of pre-prepared meals in remote communities through provision of training and employment opportunities for Indigenous Peoples 5. There be consideration of co-design with Indigenous Peoples of a regulatory framework implemented and adequately monitored to ensure standardised quality store and takeaway business practices across all remote community food retail businesses that support the provision of quality, healthy and affordable food and other essential goods. قراءة القليل

There was no major area of divergence among the participants.

The International Year Plant Health (IYPH) Webinar Series was one of the events building path to the International Plant Health Conference, which will take place during the week of 9 to 13 May 2022, following its cancellation in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The series aligns with advancing the objectives of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) Strategic Framework 2020-2030. It aims to ensure continuous engagement of the international community to promoting awareness of plant health after the official closure of the IYPH, and to support the potential declaration o... قراءة المزيدf the International Day of Plant Health on 12 May of each year by the United Nations General Assembly. The second event of the IYPH Webinar Series took place virtually on 30 June 2020. Technical panels offered presentations on the relationship between climate change, plant health and biodiversity. Mitigation of climate-change related impacts on agriculture and plant health will present a major challenge to national plant protection organizations and international organizations in the plant health field. Changes in food production patterns and trade will become evident over the next two decades. The resulting changes in plant health, such as anomalies in pest epidemiology and frequent expansion of pest distributions, will pose new challenges, especially in the areas of surveillance, monitoring and pest risk analysis. The danger of pests adapting to changed climate parameters may cause new pest risk to major staple crops. The webinar provided input for the implementation of the IPPC Strategic Framework 2020-2030’s development agenda item on assessing and managing the impact of climate change on plant health. All the participants were also encouraged to read the FAO Scientific review of the impact of climate change on plant pests - A global challenge to prevent and mitigate plant-pest risks in agriculture, forestry and ecosystems, which was published on 1 June 2021 as one of the legacies of the IYPH. The review provides scientific foundations for the IPPC community’s actions on assessing and managing the impact of climate change on plant health. قراءة القليل

The nexus between climate change, biodiversity and plant health is highly relevant to global food security and food systems, and the attainment of the SDGs. Climate change is allowing plant pests and diseases to thrive in places where we did not see them before. Climate change will result in more frequent extreme weather events, potentially leading to altered locations and methods of food production around the world. Climate change will affect pest epidemiology, pest distribution and host distribution, and thereby pest impacts. Water security will become an increasing challenge for more region... قراءة المزيدs in the world, affecting where crops are grown and marketed. New or mutated pests or their more aggressive strains will emerge and have a significant impact on crop productivity and quality, the environment and trade. Therefore, the participants highlighted the importance of implementing the IPPC standards and policies and the new IPPC Strategic Framework 2020-2030 to prevent the spread of pests. The IPPC goal is that all countries have the capacity to implement harmonized measures to prevent pest introductions and spread, and minimize the impact of pests on food security, trade, economic growth, and the environment. Climate change may make this more challenging, but also more urgent. Mitigating the impact of climate change provides yet another powerful driver for a harmonized effort. To ensure global food security and attainment of the SDGs, it is important to achieve the objectives of the IPPC Strategic Framework 2020-2030, which stipulates that by 2030, the impact of climate change on plant health and the safe trade of plants and plant products should be evaluated on a regular basis, especially in relation to pest risk analysis and global surveillance issues, and that phytosanitary issues are adequately reflected in the international climate change debate under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This goal was also reiterated among the participants. Innovative solutions like the establishment of global surveillance networks, coordinated research activities and integrated global pest risk analysis databases should be investigated to ensure that also less developed countries have access to sufficient scientific tools and data. It is suggested that International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs) relevant to Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) are assessed with regard to their suitability to address issues related to climate change. PRA activities need to be intensified at national, regional and international levels and climate-change aspects need to be included in the assessment of pest risk. With regard to biodiversity, the participants reiterated that plant health does not only protect agricultural production, but also our ecosystems and biodiversity against invasive alien species, and what the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) calls quarantine pests. For this reason, the IPPC has cooperated with the Convention on Biological Diversity for 20 years. Participants highlighted that it is important that the IPPC as a Biodiversity Liaison Group (BLG) member keeps collaborating with other biodiversity related conventions and entities, and maintains an open dialogue with them. It was especially stressed that international cooperation between biodiversity related conventions should be increased and an inclusive One-Health Approach, including environmental and plant health, established. The participants also stressed the importance of increased regional and international cooperation in order to address efficaciously challenges posed by climate change to preserve biodiversity and protect plant health. The participants believed that plant genetic resources are key to future plant health challenges and the risk of erosion of biodiversity, and that data collection plays a major role in that. It was thought that possibilities to create an international system for easy, but safe movement of genetic material should be explored. قراءة القليل

1. The Impact of Climate Change on Plant Health This session discussed the relation between climate change and plant health. Key take-aways of the session: In general, all important life-cycle stages of insect pests, pathogens, and weeds (survival, reproduction and dispersal) are more or less directly influenced by temperature, relative humidity, light quality or quantity, wind or any combination of these factors. The physiological processes of most pest species are particularly sensitive to temperature. Under warmer air temperatures, especially in early spring under temperate climatic conditi... قراءة المزيدons, life-cycle stages in the host plant may occur earlier. This can affect pathogens that infect the host during a particular life-cycle stage. Climate change may thus threaten food security with impacts on food crops and plant-based animal feed. Climate change will result in increasing plant health problems in managed (e.g. agriculture, horticulture, forestry) and semi-managed (e.g. national parks) ecosystems, and presumably in unmanaged ecosystems as well. Adjustments in phytosanitary policies and plant protection strategies are already necessary, and will be even more crucial in the future. The most effective way to prevent and limit the global spread of pests from trade and passenger movement is through regulatory means, phytosanitary import legislation, pest risk analysis, surveillance and monitoring, best management practices and information exchange. - Pest risk analysis activities need to be intensified on national, regional and international levels, and climate change considerations need to be included into the assessment of pest risks. - National, regional and international surveillance and monitoring activities for plant health threats should be intensified. Multilateral surveillance programmes should be developed to offset phytosanitary threats. - National phytosanitary authorities are encouraged to carry out an IPPC-recommended phytosanitary capacity evaluation to determine if their phytosanitary capacities are sufficient to address plant health risks, including those presented by climate change. - International cooperation, including international information exchange on trade flows, pest occurrences and pest interceptions are crucial. We need to improve understanding of climate change effects on complex interactions: establishment of a global mechanism for research coordination, and multidisciplinary, multi-stakeholder collaboration, coordination, capacity building and knowledge exchange in climate-change biology research would be beneficial to tackle the issue. - Considering climate change, a global surveillance system would help countries respond to increased risk and uncertainty. The direct impact of climate change on the effectiveness of management strategies, particularly for chemical and biological control measures should be evaluated. More studies are needed on below-ground pests, on below‑ground processes and their influence on soil health. More research in forestry and unmanaged ecosystems is also needed. It is important to develop consensus on data collection standards and access protocols, and deploy FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) data principles. Data access for risk analysis purposes would benefit decision-making processes and preparedness of Ministries and National Plant Protection Organizations’ officials. قراءة القليل

2. Climate change, Plant Health and Biodiversity Conservation: making the connection This session discussed the interconnection between climate change, plant health and biodiversity conservation. Key take-aways of the session: Plant health does not only protect agricultural production, it also protects our ecosystems and biodiversity against invasive pests and diseases – what the International Plant Protection Convention calls quarantine pests. For this reason, the IPPC has cooperated with the Convention on Biological Diversity for 20 years. Climate change, biodiversity conservation and plan... قراءة المزيدt health are centrepieces in the endeavours to preserve the health and life of the human population by ensuring food security and a healthy and diverse environment. Ensuring the success of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, and synergies among biodiversity-related conventions is crucial. We need to strengthen capacity for active monitoring of pest dynamics in biodiversity hotspots and ex-situ and in-situ sites, and modelling for future risk assessment and preparedness. The germplasm health, virology, and diagnostics play an important role in plant health. We need to focus on intellectual property policies and regulations around the access and benefit sharing of genetic resources. Challenges of germplasm exchange include: - Emerging new diseases and insect pests. - Minor pests and diseases are becoming important due to the climate change. - Variable standards and different phytosanitary demands. - Limited funding for preventive measures. Climate change and biotic threats are among the key contributing factors for genetic erosion. Increased support for the collection and safe conservation, characterization of biodiversity ex-situ and in-situ collections are needed. It is also important to enhance support to develop and use of technologies for safe conservation and exchange of germplasm, and prevent the risk of pest spread with germplasm distribution activities. We need to support development of globally accepted policy/system for expedited distribution of pre-tested germplasm crucial for climate change adaptation. It is beneficial to maintain public and private partnerships for conserving seed biodiversity. The development of coherent and user-friendly legislations for the conservation, access, use and benefit sharing of genetic resources at the national, regional and international levels is important. قراءة القليل

1. The relation between Plant Health and Food Security This session presented different ways in which Plant Health and Food Security are related to each other. Key take-aways of the session: Food aid to providing food commodities to a recipient country in need of assistance, can act as a pathway for plant pests ultimately doing more harm than good. To reduce pest risk by promoting safe provision of food aid that implement phytosanitary measures, the following suggestions were made: - Develop and maintain emergency plans and preparedness activities to reduce regulated pest introduction risk; - ... قراءة المزيدRaise awareness of pest risk to stakeholders and partner with relevant stakeholders to improve the phytosanitary aspect of the food aid provision plan also using the guidance available from International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs); - Encourage donor countries to perform pre-dispatch and during transit treatments; - Increase the visibility of information about goods posing a pest risk; - Encourage exporting countries to meet phytosanitary requirements of the recipient country. Another aspect that was explored in this section was facilitating safe trade of grain suggested different means to improve grain trade as well as overall trade of plant-based commodities, these include: - Share vital research and expertise on the global supply chain through technical, legal and economic evaluations nationally and internationally; - Promote partnerships, forming networks working with experts from all over the world to facilitate safe trade; - Prioritize the IPPC and promote the implementation of the already existing ISPMs while also encouraging the establishment of new trade-related ISPMs to promote a rule-based trading system; - Encourage the use of the ePhyto Solution especially to governments deemed important grain traders, involving of the whole supply chain to improve these initiatives; - Create of an Industry Advisory Group to complement the FAO’s private sector strategy; - Develop non-trade distortive means for food and feed processing risk management; - Connect smallholders to the global network. The topic of phytosanitary system to protect food security at a national level was also explores and recommendations were made accordingly: - Promote implementation of preventive measures rather than curative measures; - Develop effective predictive models like Horizon Scanning Tool, Pest Risk Assessment and pest surveillance support tools; - Enhance cooperation between agencies, organizations and countries, to create a network for efficient pest detection and management activities; - Invest more in research focusing on emerging phytosanitary threats to ensure knowledge to tackle them if they become widespread; - Consider food security, trade and economic development equally when developing plant protection strategies; - Strengthen focus on regulatory plant protection, advisory plant protection and research plant protection to support access to food and support compliant production respectively. The last section of this panel was dedicated to recognising the role youth engagement and One Health play in food security and plant health. One Health approaches are essential for anticipation, prevention, detection and control of diseases and issues in the human-animal-plant-environment interface and thus, overall, also for ensuring food safety. - One health is essential in fighting zoonotic pandemics and antimicrobial resistance; - Enhancing national and international preparedness and performance in managing disease and pest outbreaks; - Direct focus to the development of policies for spill over containment through foresight approaches; - Mainstreamed One Health approaches and concepts to environment and natural resource-related agencies, that should direct their effort to abiding to these concepts; - Improving the national capacity of certain countries is essential to allow the inclusion of harmonious One Health approaches; - Empower youth and include them in environmental conversations, seen as they are the future, stimulate their enthusiasm about the matter by appealing to them with appropriate events. قراءة القليل

2. Technical session: Plant health tools for sustainable food systems This session was a technical session with experts from different fields exploring different technical approaches to protect plant health and obtain sustainable food systems. Key take-aways of the session; Among the techniques discussed was Pest Risk Analysis (PRA), which was presented as an essential tool for National Plant Protection Organizations and Regional Plant Protection Organizations to protect plant resources and biodiversity, increase safe global trade, provide economic growth and prevent plant pest introductions. ... قراءة المزيدAmong the recommendations made it was noted that it is important to use the right type of PRA in the correct situation: - Rapid PRA for a qualitative evaluation following new pest interceptions and outbreaks; - Comprehensive PRA to yield a more detailed qualitative and quantitative evaluation to justify changes to phytosanitary legislation; - A detailed analysis of certain aspects of PRA for a quantitative assessment to resolve major uncertainties. It was also duly noted that PRA should be performed even if certain information about the pest is lacking as PRA would still have a degree of efficiency. This panel also discussed the importance of detection tools and surveillance mechanisms such as plant pest surveys. The development of adequate plant pest surveys through a national network of co-operators and stakeholders, can be tailored to cover different target pests, provide pest information and help countries prepare to pest outbreaks. It was highlighted that for an ideal survey a network should be created, ideally different experts from different branches of plant protection should be involved to draft different aspects and areas of the survey for more accurate results. Sample size calculation and appropriate statistical analyses were also presented as crucial components of pest surveillance and early detection mechanisms. This section of the event also detailed the importance of establishing specialised structures at national and regional level to suppress plant pest dispersion and protect food systems. Certain important roles these structures have should be highlighted when analysing some existing structures: - Train phytosanitary practitioners in a variety of techniques including PRA and other surveillance mechanisms, tailored to specifically address national and regional issues; - Mainstream national plant health information through advocacy material production; - Establish national plant health conferences to coordinates and focus phytosanitary activities; - Promote the creation of an effective phytosanitary network by partnering with other organizations and cooperating with other countries; - Encourage the construction of national structures containing biosecurity laboratories. During the session important considerations were also made for phytosanitary efforts to be made at regional level. Once again the importance of using systems like PRA, alert procedures and similar mechanisms was reinforced. Suggestions were also made to develop more technological pest surveillance systems and adapt these systems to take into consideration changes in plants and pests that may occur as a result of climate change variability. The digitalization of these practices would also allow having access to easily updatable databases with complete regarding the whole region. Suggestions to prevent plant pest introduction included: - Support countries and areas of the region with low pest prevalence to prevent introduction of pests; - Strengthen the implementation of phytosanitary inspection and certification; - Utilize integrated pest management techniques to both prevent pest introduction and eradicate pest in a sustainable manner. قراءة القليل

The International Year Plant Health (IYPH) Webinar Series was one of the events building path to the International Plant Health Conference, which will place during the week of 9 to 13 May 2022, following its cancellation in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The series aligns with advancing the objectives of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) Strategic Framework 2020-2030. It aims to ensure continuous engagement of the international community to promoting awareness of plant health after the official closure of the IYPH, and to support the potential declaration of the... قراءة المزيد International Day of Plant Health on 12 May each year by the United Nations General Assembly. The first event of the IYPH Webinar Series took place virtually on 29 June 2020. Technical panels offered detailed presentations on different plant health tools to be implemented to obtain sustainable food system and presentations on the results obtained by certain regions and structures implementing these tools. With the increase in globalization as well as national and international trade plant pests are offered more pathways to spread, with potentially disastrous consequences. This coupled to climate change allowing for pests to establish in areas that were previously hostile to them will signify changes in plant pest distribution resulting in changes in food production patterns and trade. Seen the predicted spread and effect of plant pests it is vital to increase the implementation of techniques to limit plant pest effects and protect food systems. During the webinar, various experts presented techniques to prevent pest spread to new areas as well as techniques to allow rapid identification and reaction to new pests. These techniques included Pest Risk Analysis, appropriate surveying procedures, sample size calculation and technological improvement of surveillance tools. The Webinar supported the implementation of the IPPC Strategic Framework 2020-2030 development agenda as well as informing the participants of the correct practices to implement to protect food systems. قراءة القليل