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Discussion Topic 1.1: Market system, supply chains, and urban-rural connectivity - Challenges In the prevailing subsistence-agriculture system in Bangladesh, small scale producers are the major contributor in the market systems. Foods travel not only from rural to urban areas, but from urban to rural, as well. Mostly fresh, unprocessed foods are transported from rural to urban markets, while processed and semi-processed foods make their way from urban areas to rural markets. Foods grown by limited usage of fertilizers and pesticides are considered safer among consumers. Rural areas are mainly ... قراءة المزيدconsidered as production centers, middlemen are believed to be transporters engaged in short-term storages and distributions, and urban people are chiefly consumers. In Bangladesh, food safety is an enduring issue and intertwining challenge due to consumption of contaminated, unsafe, and unhygienic foods that have long-term multi-faceted adverse effects on people. Unsafe food containing harmful bacteria, virus, parasites, fungi or chemicals (pesticides/ fungicides/ antimicrobial / heavy metals) cause more than 200 diseases and about 600 million people suffer from illness every year in the world. It has adverse effects on health, livelihoods, economic, social, political and environmental dimension of the society, which needs to be addressed with appropriate policy initiatives. Food safety is a shared responsibility between governments, producers, and consumers. Everyone has a role to play from farm to table to ensure the food we consume is safe and healthy. Major challenges: • Rural market systems are quite different from urban markets, though rural markets are the major marketing systems prevailing in the country. • Supply chain is still traditional following age-old practices resulting in food loss and deterioration in quality and economic value. Modern trades, though slowly improving, constitute only 2% of the total market volume. • Transportation of agri-products from producers’ to consumers is very time consuming, often hazardous, and expensive. • There is no or very limited cooling facilities available along the value chains. • In most rural markets and urban growth centers, foods get contaminated by unhygienic environment, polluted water, and inappropriate handling, transportation, and storage • Vegetables and fruits are not treated hygienically, which results in contamination and loss of freshness and nutrients • Farmers are reluctant to grow safe foods using less pesticides as they think those products cannot attract consumers’ attention in the markets, compared to products grown with excessive application of fertilizers and pesticides. • More than 95% of the consumers in the market do not want to pay extra price for safe foods. • At most rural and urban growth centers/ marketplaces, running water supply, sorting, packaging and storage facilities are unavailable. • At urban points, departmental stores/ super-shops have potentials to offer safe foods but they constitute only about 1% of the supplies • Sometimes, agricultural and non-agricultural products are transported altogether, which augments the risk of cross-contamination and food loss • Transportation of agri-products from producers point to consumer point is very time consuming, often hazardous and expensive. قراءة القليل

Discussion Topic 1.2: Market system, supply chains, and urban-rural connectivity - Recommendations • Establish cold chains across the supply chain to substantially reduce food loss and ensure quality and proper price for products, so that both producers and consumers can be benefitted • Forecast demands for major agricultural products ahead and modulate production accordingly • Invest in R&D for post-harvest management and processing to improve quality and shelf-life of perishable products • Build market infrastructures through public-private initiatives facilitated with trained sk... قراءة المزيدilled manpower, cleaning and washing facilities, uninterrupted supply of electricity, cold chains and close monitoring by responsible authorities • Enact legal framework including policies, programs, acts, rules, regulations, and guidelines aligned with international standards at national and local level • Instead of vertical accountability, ensure horizontal accountability by all stakeholders. Decentralization of authorities and stronger regular monitoring and supervision at all the levels in supply chain need to be in place • Government should allocate more funds and mobilize private investment for constructing suitable infrastructure like market places, storages, processing centers, training centers, and cool chains across the country • Food systems have 3 dimensions: local, regional and global ones; a guideline to integrate these three dimensions need to prepared and put in practice • Upgrade fresh markets immediately, as more than 95% foods are sold and traded there, mainly by small producers and traders • Encourage private sector invest in both rural and urban food systems and markets • Implement 3A concept to improve market systems: 1) Awareness among all the stakeholders; 2) Actions needed to establish a sustainable market system and 3) Accountability in form of traceability, quality control, good governance , decentralization of authorities, and greater resource allocation • Civil society and consumer’s movement should be further strengthened for safe and nutritious foods. • Promote community-based enterprising particularly for small scale producers and entrepreneurs • Farmers and producers should be made aware of GAP (Good Agricultural Practices), such as proper amounts/ limits and times of applying inputs, through regular trainings and demonstrations. • Scientific and hygienic post-harvest management and processing • Mass campaign is needed to clarify that agro-products do not spread Corona Virus • Encourage agricultural mechanization to reduce cost of production • Analyse the ‘syndicate’ issue in markets (esp. among middlemen/ stockpilers) and formulate national policy to address it • Farmers and small business operators should have easier and effective access to safe inputs (compost and natural fertilizers, safe feeds and fodders, natural pesticides, vaccines) and credits • Linkages between aquatic and terrestrial food systems should be better understood and thoroughly analyzed to ensure production of safe foods • Build widespread awareness among all actors (from producers to consumers at all steps) in the supply chain on food safety, nutrition, and its importance over mainstream and social media through advertisements, talk shows, brief videos; NGOs like BSAFE foundation can lead this; electronic media, esp. television can be the most effective media as most people can access it and pose greater belief on television contents • Promote modern trading practices • Introduce dedicated vans/ transports with short-term storage or cooling facility and make mandatory for agriproducts. Non-agricultural products should not be transported in the same vehicle to avoid any potential contamination. A round-trip rural-urban-rural transportation system can be deployed exclusively for agriproducts that will utilize the dedicated vehicles fully and efficiently, reduce transportation costs, and help keeping up product quality • Establish an accredited laboratory to comply with international quality standards by government or by public-private partnership قراءة القليل

Discussion Topic 2.1: Role of markets in future food system (smart markets) - Challenges The fresh markets are an important avenue for consumers, especially for middle to low-income consumers to get fresh and nutritious food at an affordable price. It is also the agglomeration point of all types of perishable and non-perishable food items including agriculture, livestock, and fisheries and for social interactions. Most fresh markets in Dhaka city are heavily crowded without proper ventilation and have unhealthy and unhygienic passageways, lack of parking space, power-back up system and poor in... قراءة المزيدfrastructure. The experience of shopping there can be stressful and lead to health and safety hazards. As a result, supermarkets are becoming popular. During COVID-19 lockdowns, e-commerce has flourished and endangering the very existence of fresh markets in future. Despite all the shortcomings, fresh markets are the main source of food for the middle- and low-income consumers and an integral part of Bangladesh’s food system. However, there is a need to modernize the fresh markets so it continues to be the avenue for safe and nutritious food for low-income consumers while offering a healthy and safe environment. The concept of fresh market upgradation is about turning these traditional fresh markets into supermarkets. Rather, it is about ensuring that fresh markets’ infrastructures (including WASH, ventilation, hygiene, fire services) are safe for vendors and consumers for improved shopping experience. Challenges: Vendors and shopkeepers need to hydrate vegetables and fruits to keep them fresh, as long as markets are open. The water they apply to keep the products fresh is neither clean nor safe. As a result, around 200 types of diseases emerge among which fecal coli form is one of the significant one. Inadequate sanitation facility is another area that makes markets’ environment unwelcoming for the buyers and sellers. Unavailability of toilets increases health risks for vendors, especially female vendors when they cannot access toilets for a long time. Markets lack proper handwashing facilities thus, vendors cannot wash hands after using toilets and after processing fish and meat, which increases risks of cross-contamination. Both vendors and customers lack basic knowledge of hygiene and waste management which pose threat to public health. Due to lack of proper drainage facility, water clogs near the selling points and in the entire market area. This makes people’s movement difficult and also creates an unhealthy environment. Fresh markets in different city corporations do not have separate gateway for customers and food delivery vehicles to enter and exit. This creates traffic congestion in and around the areas where large and wholesale fresh markets are situated. In cases where passageways exist, those are narrow and clogged down with food wastes, delivery vehicles, and food stocks. This poor management of congestion augments the risks of spreading communicable diseases. Fresh markets do not have adequate lighting and uninterrupted supply of electricity. As a result, the very limited storage facilities that exist inside the markets, get interrupted which results into loss of quality of foods. Markets do not have separated space for live birds, other meats, fish, and fresh vegetables and fruits. Besides, fish, live birds, and meats are processed (slaughtering, cutting, cleaning, processing, and preserving) in the same place. There is no proper waste disposal system to dispose the wastes generated from fish and meat processing. Thus, fish and meat wastes and residues are often found on the floor. This is creating risk of cross-contamination and can spread many diseases (virus outbreak originated from animals). Markets lack adequate manpower for fire management. Local government has commitment, willingness, and legislations in place to improve fresh markets, but they have resource constraint. قراءة القليل

Discussion Topic 2.2: Role of markets in future food system (smart markets) - Recommendations • Segregate the entry and exit paths and clean up heaped-up wastes or unused materials in the passageways to improve crowd control inside markets • Improve ventilation and lighting by replacing the walls of the markets with transparent and meshed materials • Put up rooftop solar systems on markets for power backup • Digitalize transaction and business processes of conventional food markets; Connect fresh market vendors with e-commerce platforms to improve their access; Uptake digital payment s... قراءة المزيدystems to reduce risk of cross-contamination by replacing cash handling • Utilize the rooftops of fresh markets for food production such as hydroponics, precision agriculture with IoT, and biofloc for fisheries, which can create alternate income source for low-income service providers working inside the markets and a self-sustaining circular food system economy centering the markets; however, research is required to identify the manageable and effective options for various kinds of markets • Mobilize public-private investments to leverage the opportunities for market upgradation • Changes in regulatory mechanism of fresh markets and governance of market committees • Install adequate water points and sanitation facilities (toilets, handwashing points) inside fresh markets to ensure safe and clean water supply and proper hygiene • Prioritize development of market infrastructures in development agenda of the government to ensure allocation of adequate public resources • Enhance cooperation among relevant government departments and ministries • Involve health departments to raise awareness regarding food safety • Educate food vendors on safe food handling, risks of cross-contamination, and fire safety • Conduct social and behavioral change programs and raise awareness among both vendors and consumers on personal hygiene, waste disposal and management, food safety, and good conduct in collaboration with market management committees, government agencies, and NGOs through IEC-BCC materials and other media • Form a separate body inside city government structures which will be responsible for market infrastructure development, planning, implementation, monitoring, upgradation/ maintenance, and management • Make fresh markets adequately spacious proportionate with the crowd • Device an integrated plan throughout the value chain to reduce food loss and keep up food quality • Allocate separate vending spaces for live birds, other meats, fish, and vegetables and fruits; Develop separate facilities to process fish, live birds, and meats (slaughtering, cutting, cleaning, processing, and preserving) • Develop proper waste disposal system in markets to dispose all kinds of food wastes; Introduce bin bags of different colors to ensure segregation of wastes at source • Ensure proper fire management facilities in markets with sufficient manpower, equipment, and resources allocated • Form fire safety response teams with participation of market committees • Provide farmers/ producers with direct access to markets to improve food safety • Formulate and enforce regulations for better governance of markets; provisions for penalties and rewards can be introduced قراءة القليل

Discussion Topic 3.1: Food safety and effective management of markets - Challenges • Food wastes of fresh markets are disposed unsafely leading to contamination of the nearby food products • Markets lack the minimal personal hygiene facilities for both sellers and buyers (handwashing facilities with soap is also absent), which augments the chances of contamination of the products from humans • Shops are very congested with no separate sections for different food items, increasing risk of microbial cross contamination which is a food safety concern • Markets lack sufficient supply of ic... قراءة المزيدes for preservation of fish leading to loss of quality and freshness • Prices of agricultural products rise by four folds while reaching the end customers from farmers. Food traders often increase prices irrationally which triggers price shocks, putting low-income groups in food insecurity. • Price of a few products sometimes rises up strikingly such as, onion, chilly, and potato due to fluctuations in production or imports. At such times, the syndicates of traders raise prices of those products even higher, to make very high profits unethically. Even if government takes steps to subside such price hikes by increasing international imports, reducing/ removing tariffs on imports, and subsidizing those products locally, their initiatives make no effect as the private traders’ syndicates control the entire market. Resisting such unethical business and disbanding the market syndicates are major challenges. • Meat shops keep raw meat hanging in the shops without any covering which may spur microbial contamination. • Vendors and buyers inside markets dispose all kinds of wastes together, without any segregation. There are no separate bins for different kinds of wastes and even if they are provided with separate bins, they are uninclined to segregate wastes. Thus, bringing behavioral change is a big challenge. • Food safety gets compromised at production level sometimes due to presence of heavy metals (arsenic or lead) in the soil. • Rates of food loss is very high along the chain while foods travel from farmers to the markets. • Some of the vendors apply harmful chemicals to keep products for a longer time • Risks of spreading diseases increase due to cash transactions conducted in markets قراءة القليل

Discussion Topic 3.2: Food safety and effective management of markets - Recommendations • Maintain good hygiene inside markets, especially for vendors; raise awareness among vendors on personal hygiene; introduce and conduct regular health checkups for vendors • Design and build necessary infrastructures to improve waste disposal and drainage systems of markets • Develop cold chains throughout the value chain and cold storages inside markets for products such as fish to prevent loss of quality and freshness • Encourage and implement basic waste segregate (biodegradable and non- biodegr... قراءة المزيدadable) inside markets; utilize biodegradable wastes to produce compost and use for soil fertilization • Conduct routine market monitoring by food inspectors; engage city governments, BFSA, and consumer associations into monitoring • Introduce grading system for food vendors • Train up food vendors on safe food handling and preservation, and market maintenance rules • Promote usage of refrigerated vans for transportation of perishable products • Generate stakeholder mapping along with roles played by different actors to come up with informed recommendations to enhance food safety • Develop targeted knowledge products on food safety for different actors with the help of social scientist and methodological approaches for better outreach and impact • Establishing separate specialized markets only for fish and live birds to improve hygiene and waste management • Put up potable water and sanitation facilities inside marketplace • Improve product load and unload facilities in markets to reduce food loss and keep up quality • Monitor waste management status of markets regularly • Device pre and post-harvest waste management systems to utilize agricultural wastes efficiently (i.e. as fertilizer, animal feed) and to reduce food waste • Upgrade traditional fresh markets to smart markets; examples of standard fresh markets from other countries can be followed • Engage a third-party to manage vendors of fresh markets where all vendors will require to get registered with proof of identity and knowledge of hygiene and safe food handling to be allowed to vend in the market; allocate uniform for all registered food vendors • Generate a list of safe food suppliers for each market and allow vendors to buy products from those affiliated suppliers only • Keep rapid food testing facilities (nomadic labs) inside markets • Raise awareness of food producers/ farmers on safe food production and GAP • Align all rules, regulations, and law enforcing agencies related to food safety under a single umbrella for better coordination and integration; BFSA can be the suitable one to organize other agencies • Develop guidelines/ user manuals for every actor inside markets mentioning their roles and responsibilities for proper maintenance • Introduce grading and pricing of food items according to freshness/ proximity to expiry date to reduce food loss • Use GIS mapping to select most effective spots to situate storage facilities قراءة القليل

La principal divergencia giró en torno si alimentarse de manera saludable es barato o caro; algunos opinan que se exagera al decir que es de alto costo, pero hay factores que influyen en ello tales como la disponibilidad (que no es igual en todas partes), si es orgánico (lo que encarece) y el acceso económico (es más caro en lo relativo para el más pobre, entre otros. Se manifestó que la alimentación saludable es para una determinada clase social. Otra divergencia no tan evidente, pero que surge, es cuánto pesa la educación en la mala alimentación de la población, vs los determinant... قراءة المزيدes más estructurales de la alimentación. قراءة القليل

Para dar respuesta a la pregunta planteada de ¿Cómo mejorar el acceso a los alimentos saludables en zonas urbanas? se organizan las propuestas en los siguientes ámbitos: -Educación: importancia de profundizar en los currículums tanto preescolar como escolar para que incorporen obligatoriamente temas de alimentos, alimentación, nutrición y sistema agroalimentario, que incluya aspectos teóricos pero también prácticos por ejemplo a través del desarrollo de huertas escolares y otras actividades que acerquen a los niños, niñas y adolescentes al campo, al mar, a la cultura alimentaria y... قراءة المزيد a la alimentación saludable. -Espacios de encuentro y organización social: fomentar la colaboración, intercambio de saberes y formación, donde participen los actores y actrices de toda la cadena alimentaria (productores, familiares, feriantes, consumidores y otros). Fortalecer la organización territorial, la solidaridad y la confianza, replicando experiencias exitosas durante la pandemia tanto en términos de compras conjuntas, de comedores comunitarios, de aprovechamiento de desperdicios y otras iniciativas que puedan surgir del diálogo entre comunidades y del fortalecimiento del tejido social. -Desarrollo local, soberanía territorial y producción artesanal: un asistente dijo “la respuesta está en los territorios”. Esto define esta reflexión colectiva. La base para la definición y acción de un modelo alimentario sostenible debe provenir de los propios territorios y sus comunidades, en base a sus saberes, su cultura, cosmovisión y soberanía. Es menester avanzar hacia modelos donde la cadena de intermediación sea menor y teniendo como eje la economía social, protegiendo los suelos, las semillas, el agua, los recursos naturales y el derecho a la alimentación saludable de los individuos, las familias y las comunidades, donde se fomente la biodiversidad, se desaliente el extravismo y se procure la protección del medio ambiente. -Tiempo para relacionarse con los alimentos: Los tiempos urbanos actuales no permiten que nos relacionemos bien con los alimentos, por ejemplo para la compra (los horarios laborales coinciden con los horarios de funcionamiento de mercados y ferias), para la preparación (el cansancio nos hace preferir la rapidez, más que el proceso como una oportunidad de placer y de aprendizaje para niños y niñas) y para la comensalidad (comer en familia, con amigos, compartir, conversar). Esto tiene relación con las extensas jornadas laborales, con las largas distancias de desplazamiento al trabajo o escuela, y con el modelo de crecimiento urbano, entre otros. Es importante repensar la perspectiva de desarrollo territorial integral, considerando la gestión de las propias comunidades y la reflexión del cómo queremos vivir. El sistema alimentario forma parte de este desarrollo. -Consumir sano y des-elitización del consumo saludable. La alimentación saludable está fuertemente determinada por el nivel educacional, social, económico y cultural, así como por los entornos que rodean a las personas. Es necesaria la democratización del sistema alimentario, mejorar las condiciones socioeconómicas y educacionales, reconocer la relevancia de lo cultural y mejorar los entornos alimentarios y comunitarios, para que todas y todos tengamos derecho a una alimentación sostenible y saludable. قراءة القليل

En esta sección se indican las principales propuestas emanadas del diálogo, las que hemos organizado por temática. Las propuestas deberían ser desarrolladas intersectorialmente, con actores de distintos ámbitos, incluyendo la participación social: Acciones educativas y comunicacionales en temas de alimentos, alimentación y nutrición: -Incorporar en el currículum escolar y preescolar estos temas así como los valores culturales del acto de alimentarse. -Desarrollo de huertas escolares, urbanas, comunitarias, y en los hogares. -Desarrollar planes educativos dirigidos a las comunidades p... قراءة المزيدara empoderarlas en estos temas. -Desarrollar campañas comunicacionales en torno a estos temas. Por ejemplo, recetarios con pertenencia cultural, alimentación saludable, origen de los alimentos, etc. قراءة القليل

Acciones para transformar el sistema alimentario: -Articular a los actores y actrices de la producción, distribución y consumo de alimentos para fortalecer el desarrollo de mercados locales. Para ello se requiere apoyo estatal que permita ir realizando las iniciativas que nazcan de estos encuentros. -Desarrollo de mercados locales. Mayor incidencia de los municipios en el apoyo de un sistema alimentario local. Apoyar a la producción artesanal y ferias libres. Incorporación en planes comunales. -Compras estatales deberían ser a pequeños productores locales, sin intermediación de concesio... قراءة المزيدnarias. -Colectivización del consumo. Potenciar otras formas de consumo y de comercialización. Por ejemplo, desarrollo de grupos de consumos, redes en torno a la entrega de canastas o comunidades organizadas. Estos espacios a su vez tienen el potencial de autoeducarse en lo que respecta al sistema alimentario u otros tópicos. Financiamiento público para estas iniciativas. -Desarrollo de centros de abastecimiento de producción de pequeña escala a niveles locales y regionales. Para descentralizar la producción y consumo de alimentos y favorecer el desarrollo local mediante financiamiento público. -Redefinir la o las instituciones relacionadas al mundo alimentario considerando una perspectiva integral (por ejemplo, unir la institucionalidad de agricultura con pesca y relacionadas a la alimentación). -Aumentar disponibilidad de ferias libres en zonas urbanas, distribuirlas en muchos lugares, aumentar horarios y flexibilizar los formatos de funcionamiento. Lo anterior requiere considerar apoyo en su habilitación. -Acciones en torno a un comercio justo que favorezcan a los más pequeños y los circuitos cortos de comercialización, y que por ejemplo tengan ventajas tributarias como exención de impuestos u otros; esto podría incluir la fijación de precios evaluando el cómo y sus consecuencias. Al tener un diálogo activo entre distintos actores tales como productores y consumidores, se pueden implementar medidas permitan tener “un colchón” frente a eventos impredecibles y agresivos como el Covid-19. قراءة القليل

El diálogo versó sobre ¿Cómo mejorar el acceso a los alimentos saludables en zonas urbanas? El contexto temático es que Chile es un país con altas cifras de malnutrición por exceso y mala alimentación, con alto consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y bajo cumplimiento de las recomendaciones alimentarias, en todos los grupos etarios, con mayor prevalencia en el nivel socioeconómico y educacional más bajo y en mujeres, mostrando inequidades inaceptables. Los alimentos saludables recomendados para la población provienen principalmente de la producción a pequeña escala (agricultura cam... قراءة المزيدpesina y pesca artesanal) y son distribuidos mayoritariamente por pequeños comerciantes (mercados y ferias libres). Sin embargo estos pequeños productores y comerciantes, no cuentan con suficiente apoyo y no se les otorga la relevancia que tienen, por parte del Estado. Los grandes centros de abastecimiento están muy centralizados en grandes ciudades. Al mismo tiempo resultan ser un sector sumamente vulnerable, lo que ha quedado demostrado durante la pandemia. No existe un claro reconocimiento de la producción a pequeña escala y el desarrollo de mercados locales, la cadena de intermediarios es muy larga con lo que se va perdiendo el origen de los productos y aumentando su costo. Ejemplos claros de estas falencias es que la mayor parte de frutas y verduras pasan por la capital antes de ser distribuidas al resto del país, viajando una cantidad enorme de kilómetros contribuyendo a la huella de carbono y aumentar su costo; así también lo demuestra el bajo número de ferias libres en el país y su alta concentración en pocas urbes, vs una población con crecientes demandas. Las políticas alimentarias y de fomento agrario y pesquero en Chile se quedaron cortas y no están dando cuenta de las necesidades actuales. No existe una mirada integral institucional ni lineamientos claros sobre el sistema alimentario al que aspiramos. Estas falencias tienen consecuencias tanto en el acceso físico y económico, como en la disponibilidad y en el consumo de alimentos saludables, así como en el modelo de producción (poco sostenible). Se ha hecho más hincapié en producir para exportar y no faltar a los tratados internacionales, que en la soberanía alimentaria y la sostenibilidad productiva. Nuestra población conoce poco sobre temas de alimentos, alimentación y nutrición, se observa que los currículums escolares no incluyen estas áreas a pesar que la educación tiene un fuerte impacto en los hábitos de consumo, y por ende en el estado nutricional y en la salud, especialmente referido a enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. En el último tiempo, se ha observado en algunos grupos poblacionales selectos que ha aumentado la demanda de productos orgánicos, naturales, y de origen vegetal, pero esto es excepcional y aún de muy alto costo. En Chile la alimentación adecuada no está considerada como un derecho, de hecho no está explícita en la Constitución vigente. قراءة القليل

Food and Nutrition Rights for Food Systems in Central Malawi. The purpose of an Independent dialogue in Central Malawi was to initiate a district stakeholder dialogue of critical nexus issues that are key for sustainable food systems in central Malawi, through interconnection and engagement with the Food Systems Summit process. Specifically, the dialogue sought to: 1) Create a platform for discussion on the design of what it would take for a future sustainable food system for Central Malawi that delivers nutrition outcomes, and sustainable consumption patterns by 2030. 2) How district stakehol... قراءة المزيدders can work together for such a future sustainable food system for Central Malawi towards 2030. قراءة القليل

Multi stakeholder recommitment to the global call for increased nutritional outcomes in local food systems, stakeholders in Central Malawi collectively agreed for a common vision of reducing malnutrition levels by 50% from the present 44% to 22% by year 2030. In repositioning for impact towards the Vision of reduced malnutrition by the year 2030, stakeholders agreed the following actions to be undertaken: i. Increased level coordination of nutrition programmes and nutrition reporting by all actors, with a central planning and reporting. The Nutrition Officer (Department of Health) to act as a ... قراءة المزيدfocal point for this coordination, and facilitate development of nutrition action plan to be supported by all stakeholders. ii. Stakeholders both public and private involved in nutrition to support revamping and strengthening of local nutrition institution/committees for effective delivery of nutrition programmes. iii. Promotion of diversified local food production of both plant and animal for nutrition outcomes, and localized cooking demonstrations at community level. iv. Reposition local community leaders as nutrition champions in their communities and build their capacity for such roles. The Central Government and other national institutions were called upon to support the district initiatives through the following interventions: i. The Malawi Bureau of Standards to decentralize and localize their operations to ensure food safety standards are adhered to by all actors in the food systems especially the private sector at all levels. ii. The Government has to increase public investment in the livestock sector. Government has prioritized subsidies in the crop sector at the expense of the livestock sector. The livestock sector remains underfunded and without adequate support services. iii. There is need for supporting policy environment for the marketing of farmers’ farm produce. Government has to develop a pricing policy for farmers’ produce that should be enforced year in and year out to protect farmers from heartless private sector players who make lots of profits at the expense of poor farmers. iv. Introduction of nutrition education in primary schools, and re-introduce the home craft model of community nutrition education as it proved successful at community level. قراءة القليل

Multi stakeholder coordination for nutrition outcome. The Department of Health to be the focal point. CEPA to support multi stakeholder meetings for monitoring progress and ensure reporting of nutrition outcomes.

Creating a vision for nutrition outcomes in Central Malawi. The stakeholders had different proposed targets ranging from 10% to 50%. A participatory discussion was facilitated with open views to every stakeholder to consolidate the multi stakeholder vision and finally agreed for 50%. The target had to be ambitious enough to call for each other participation and the need to invite others into the dialogue and the vision for sustainable food systems.

Starting from the question on how to harmonize food systems and nature conservation towards just nature-people relations the dialogues were first reflecting in regional disparities and commonalities. Similar challenges were identified across the four regions in their transformation towards a just and sustainable food system and the following entry points were identified: promoting opportunities for the youth in the food system, realizing nature-positive and just food production, as well as bridging the disconnect between consumers and producers towards fairer food supply chains. The synthesize... قراءة المزيدd regional perspectives were incorporated into the discussion with global stakeholders and renowned experts. The global dialogue verified and refined the outcomes from the regional conversations and emphasized the importance of additional, cross-cutting points: The role of power asymmetries in the food system, with the poorest and the non-humans paying the prize. The importance of contextualized, local solutions, incorporating local knowledge, people and perspectives. The recognition of the interactions between food systems and health systems, with healthy food depending on healthy environments. The role of emotions as important drivers of change for the transformation towards a sustainable food system. The importance of gender equality for a sustainable food system. Focusing on the true cost of food in terms of unpacking the value of the food system. قراءة القليل

To harmonize food systems with nature and climate protection and human wellbeing, just nature-people relations must be put center stage. We call for recognizing, harnessing and protecting the wealth of knowledge from diverse systems, including lay, practical and local knowledge that can help us make our global food system more just, sustainable and resilient. We consider promoting opportunities for youth in the food system, realizing nature positive and just food production and bridging the disconnect between consumers and producers to be mutually reinforcing if the right levers are deployed. ... قراءة المزيدIn this context those levers would mean to 1) create governance structures and financial mechanisms that foster sustainable agriculture, fair food chains and healthy diets, 2) provide incentives and economic support for the youth to seek a career along the food value chain, as well as 3) empowerment, self-determination, dignity, the protection of rights and participation, allowing for engaged communities along the entire food chain that are encouraged to set development priorities and hold decision-makers accountable. Accountability and transparency in sustainable resources and land use can bring more justice and equity to agricultural production and natural resource management. Sustainable land stewardship that perceives land, water and agrobiodiversity as part of the global commons, represents the entry point to develop multiple-benefit strategies for cultivating diversified food production systems, transforming production and consumption habits, restoring our ecosystems, enhancing the resilience in the climate emergency, contributing to local livelihoods and promoting human wellbeing. To holistically address the climate and biodiversity emergency, fight inequality and achieve human wellbeing, the following principles must be applied: -Valuing existing knowledge and tailoring it to a specific context to explore novel approaches. -Sharing learnings, including across regions to assess the scalability of innovative ideas. -Promoting locally adapted solutions that combine the best of local as well as scientific knowledge systems. -Ensuring justice within societies by understanding the barriers as well as the incentives that cause injustice in the given contexts. Complexity must be acknowledged, as out of the myriad of solutions from the micro to the meso scale, the best approaches will very much depend on biophysical, socio-economic and cultural conditions, governance and policy framework, as well as specific drivers of change, including fiscal incentives. Systemic barriers must be removed and diversity celebrated, as solutions considering the specificities of the given context and which have been developed in a collaborative, holistic and integrated way, enhance the resilience of agricultural and food systems to pests, pathogens and the climate emergency. At the same time, those solutions must also promote gender equality and human wellbeing. Knowledge must be drawn from diverse systems, in promoting transdisciplinary approaches, and in bringing together scientific, lay, practical and indigenous knowledge and different world views. The freshness of perspective from the youth must be embraced and we must answer to the fundamental questions they dare to raise and which have been buried for too long. We call upon governments to implement governance structures and set the right incentives that reflect the ambition of creating just nature people relations and a sustainable food system. We urge the financial and private sector to use their capabilities and power for positive change. We call upon research to support the transformation through knowledge, including asking the uncomfortable questions related to power in our unsustainable food system. We require civil society to accept the shared responsibility and become agents of change. قراءة القليل

Promoting employment and decent work for the youth mirrors measures proposed in Action Track 4 Advance equitable livelihoods. To further this goal, governance structures must change, including tackling the political economy that creates perverse incentives, and developing a new communication approach to increase the attractiveness of the food sector for the youth and enhance their opportunities; setting the right incentives and creating new employment opportunities within the sector prevents a “youth drain” and the loss of traditional knowledge.​ Youth has to have access to finance, in o... قراءة المزيدrder for it to deploy its full potential to innovate and co-create new solutions and financial institution need to be convinced to invest in young farmers and entrepreneurs. Boosting nature-positive food production, as proposed by Action Track 3, requires a food system governance that reduces resource intensity to stop biodiversity loss, pollution and water and soil degradation, while recognizing and protecting the rights and needs of smallholder farmers, livestock keepers, fishers and hunters. This must go hand in hand with embracing multifunctional landscapes with diversified agricultural systems that build on the principles of agroecology as one specific entry point. In this context, land tenure security is a prerequisite for sustainable food systems, as secure access to land for land users can create incentives for the sustainable use of land. In this light, the financial sector needs to abandon financing unsustainable practices and finance innovative solutions that contribute to nature-positive food production. Bridging the divide between consumers and producers in order to ensure access to safe and nutritious food for all and shift to sustainable consumption patterns, the interests of consumers and producers must be aligned to provide nutritious food at affordable prices, while ensuring a fair and livable income for producers. We call for addressing power structures in value chains that deepen the disconnect, by internalizing transparency and true costs, as part of redesigning food systems policy frameworks. One way to achieve this is by redirecting power towards consumers and producers, for example by shortening the food chain, strengthening local food networks and build consumer demand for sustainable food. Similarly, Action Track 1 promotes access to safe and nutritious food for all, while Action Track 2 calls or a shift to sustainable consumption patterns. قراءة القليل

Role of science - to what extent does science also assume a normative function Role of technology - to what extent is it an enabler or an obstacle exacerbating power differentials Role and responsibility of business versus role of governments in terms of incentivizing transformation Regenerative agriculture : questioning the potential for new jobs, as other jobs get lost, or: is regenerative agriculture really the systemic solution to the challenge Notion of scaling / scalability - is not easy to capture Eurocentricity/westernised view of the debate, seeing nature of developing countries as th... قراءة المزيدe source for solving the universal challenges قراءة القليل

Starting from the question on how to harmonize food systems and nature conservation towards just nature-people relations the dialogues were first reflecting in regional disparities and commonalities. Similar challenges were identified across the four regions in their transformation towards a just and sustainable food system and the following entry points were identified: promoting opportunities for the youth in the food system, realizing nature-positive and just food production, as well as bridging the disconnect between consumers and producers towards fairer food supply chains. The synthesize... قراءة المزيدd regional perspectives were incorporated into the discussion with global stakeholders and renowned experts. The global dialogue verified and refined the outcomes from the regional conversations and emphasized the importance of additional, cross-cutting points: The role of power asymmetries in the food system, with the poorest and the non-humans paying the prize. The importance of contextualized, local solutions, incorporating local knowledge, people and perspectives. The recognition of the interactions between food systems and health systems, with healthy food depending on healthy environments. The role of emotions as important drivers of change for the transformation towards a sustainable food system. The importance of gender equality for a sustainable food system. Focusing on the true cost of food in terms of unpacking the value of the food system. قراءة القليل