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Enablers of more transformative kinds of innovation: - Breaking out of our “innovation bubbles” to develop better ideas more in line with what the world needs: more open innovation processes (eg bringing together young entrepreneurs, academia and civil society as well as business); more inclusive innovation to drive equality in who participates (eg less-heard voices and less catered-to communities). - Rethinking partnerships: to build in more ambition and make the best use of respective capabilities - working with those who can take our innovations to scale in different ways, help us share... قراءة المزيد knowledge and information more effectively, distribute our products/services, or help make them more affordable… - “Matchmaking” to drive impact, including innovating where it’s needed the most, or supporting those who already offer a solution to my problem (rather than competing or reinventing). - More collective voice and coordination across existing smaller-scale innovators, such as community-based initiatives and entrepreneurs (often overstretched and underfunded) to share skills and resources, and demonstrate collective impact and value. Perhaps starting with a national union of community initiatives? - Combining the best of the past and the present to go faster: drawing on existing/traditional foods, recipes, cooking techniques and knowledge together with today’s science, technologies and insights, to reach positive impact faster and without reinventing the wheel. - Supporting some innovations as bridges to a better place if not our ultimate, ideal solution (eg recipe kits as a stepping stone towards more scratch cooking). - Advocating for policies, subsidies, regulation etc that recognise the connections between health, nutrition, food and the environment. قراءة القليل

Consultative workshop on sustainable food value chain focusing on food processing, manufacturing and retail - 22nd April 2021 Through the discussion a number of enablers, challenges and gaps that exist at these stages were identified. Opportunities and enablers - Support to regenerative farming techniques from the actors at processing and manufacturing stage of the food value chain presents an important opportunity to reduce the impact of resource use at the primary production. - Addressing food design through the decisions on what primary raw ingredients to use, how they are grown (e.g. regen... قراءة المزيدerative agriculture) and how to turn them into a nutritious food product with reduced environmental impact is an opportunity to explore for processing and manufacturing companies. - Diversified approach to addressing food loss and waste at the retail stage is an important opportunity. Improved ordering strategy, stock management, product range, optimization of product lines are important entry points for retail in avoiding and reducing food loss and waste. - Repurposing and donating surplus food is another way for the retail industry to reduce emissions of the food value chain (i.e. circular economy). - Retail is in a strategic position to educate consumers and raise awareness on such issues as food loos and waste; sustainable sourcing and deforestation. This opportunity is strengthened through collaboration and definition of the same goals with other companies in the industry, the suppliers and other actors along the food value chain. - Retail is a very important player in the value chain for its power and interactions with other value chain players. Some of the solutions to reduce food loss and waste have been through setting clear targets and making the economic case; contractual arrangements with suppliers and allowing for greater flexibility of contracts between suppliers and buyers; better collaboration between the different players; finding collaborative ways to prevent food loss and waste; repurposing crops that don’t meet cosmetic standards; connecting food banks with upstream and downstream players; and supporting the adaptation of new technologies. Challenges and gaps - Even though, the analysis has shown that the actors at the middle stages of the food value chain are consolidated and vertically integrated, 70% of the food trading, processing, manufacturing and retailing is comprised of Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Most of these SMEs are not supported by the policy environment, especially in developing countries. - Credible certification is a challenge for the actors along the food value chain. This problem can be addressed through pre-competitive collaboration based on internationally acknowledged documents. - Affordability of sustainable food remains a challenge as it includes costs such as for certification that mainly falls burden on the primary producers. These costs have to be reflected by other actors in the supply chain but also other stakeholders like NGOs or financial institutions. All of them have to commit to similar actions so the burden is not just on the growers but all relevant stakeholder in the agricultural sector. - Policy environment that enables the retail and processing and manufacturing industry to source sustainable products that are not linked to deforestation is needed. - Fragmentation of initiatives and solutions makes it difficult to understand what works and where, which reflects on funding opportunities. Leveraging multi-stakeholder collaborations and platforms to identify solutions is one of the ways to address this issue. قراءة القليل

Consultative workshop on sustainable food value chain focusing on Individual Consumption of Food – 29/04/2021 Through the discussion a number of enablers, challenges and gaps that exist at these stages were identified: - While crucial, information dissemination and consumer awareness raising alone are not sufficient to lead the changes in practices and behaviors that are needed for sustainable consumption and production (SCP). They need to be accompanied by more structural changes at different levels including more equitable and inclusive long-term policies and regulations, to trigger this c... قراءة المزيدhange and shift in the underlying consumption preferences. - Furthermore, this needs to be complemented with science-based behavior change techniques. Particular opportunity for long-term behaviour change in consumption patterns lies in school feeding programmes (public procurement as an enabler) and education, ensured through government-led efforts. These provide a captive setting where changes in consumption practices can be triggered through the nurturing of core values related to sustainability of food from the young age. - Consumer voice, including that of the most vulnerable, needs to be properly included in research, policy discussions, solutions development and decision-making processes. Consumers can be empowered to manifest their demands in different ways – such as by advocating for consumer rights, and by helping shape regulation. - Key success factors of the most important food movements and trends today include a strong engraining into people’s core values (which are powerful triggers for action), strong leadership, cooperation with local government structures and, in many instances, robust engagement and buying from producers. On the other hand, there are important barriers for the impact size and duration of such movements, including having considerably less power than entities with political or economic interest to maintain the status quo, competing values and constraints within consumers, the wide range of possible issues to be addressed, availability of resources, and regular access to communication channels. - Opportunity for long-term behaviour change in consumption patterns lies in school feeding programmes (public procurement as an enabler) and education. These provide a captive setting where changes in consumption practices can be triggered through the nurturing of core values related to sustainability of food from the young age. - Implementation of science-based climate targets for food service providers as well as a consumer facing labels for meals that are more climate friendly is an interesting opportunity. - Practical co-operation through direct producer-consumer linkages, including the adoption of innovative technologies to connect producers/retailers and consumers is another way to trigger the shift to sustainable production and consumption (SCP). - Localised solutions, such as shorter food value-chains, the promotion of local food and introduction of participatory local-based labels, involving consumers, farmers, local authorities and sellers, show promising results and present an opportunity for the shift to SCP. - Working with the actors of the food value chain that are setting the norms and values, can be an enabler for the shift in consumer behaviour and shifts the supply and demand towards sustainably produced food products. A commitment approach from these actors, especially those in the middle stages, to supply sustainable products is an enabler to assure the raise in the demand for these products. The challenge remains that commitments are voluntary, and thus no institution has a mandate to deliver accountability. - Engaging with chefs in order to increase the availability of sustainable meals and raise awareness among the food service industry as well as consumers, has shown promising results. The full list of opportunities and challenges identified during this workshop can be found in the workshop report attached as a Relevant Link. قراءة القليل

Consultative workshop on sustainable food value chain focusing on Food-related Policies and Policy Instruments – 6/5/2021 The analysis of the policies and policy instruments reported under 12.1.1 have allowed to conclude that there is a concentration of policy measures at the two ends of the food value chain. Nearly 60% of the measures proposed at either input/production phase or consumption phase. This highlights a gap in measures at the middle stages of the value chain, the stages that shape how we produce and how and what we consume. Through the discussion a number of enablers, challenges... قراءة المزيد and gaps that exist at these stages were identified: - Inclusive and participatory approach in policy making that is adapted to local circumstances is essential. Policies should take into account the needs and realities of all the actors to understand interdependencies and avoid tradeoffs in order to define adequate measures. Holistic lens can help deploy more integrated food policies - addressing interrelated issues across economic, social & environmental dimensions. Participatory governance mechanisms that bring together different food system actors and connect actors from different food agendas are key. - Most policies are sectoral, and there is an urgent need to move away from working in silos towards more integrated policies that deliver simultaneously on economic, environmental, health, climate mitigation adaptation, social and cultural objectives. - There is a need to work together towards transformational change of food systems. The current model is built on an industrial model of production based high-input use and economies of scale, which has led us to land degradation and pollution. The transformational change requires a food systems approach encompassing changes in production systems; changes in knowledge generation and transmission, with the emphasis on the co-creation of knowledge; shift in social and economic relations; changes in institutional frameworks and regulatory and financial instruments. - An agro-ecological approach has potential to transform food systems to be more sustainable as it enables us to rethink the food systems and go beyond trying to marginally increase the efficiency of the current food production model. - Value-chain approach is a science-based methodology that can be used to prioritise action within a broader systems approach. - There is an opportunity in merging climate and biodiversity policies and not to design them separately to optimize impact as well as ensure coherency across all actors in the food value chain. This would reinforce solutions targeting pressure points and accelerate the transition to sustainable food systems - Minimum price guarantee policies for socio-biodiversity products are important for countries with several biomes, since biodiversity products in these biomes are concentrated among smallholders with limited access to markets. - Sustainable food public procurement policies are key instruments for the shift to SCP patterns, both in developed and developing countries. It is important to highlight their capacity to achieve multiple benefits to tackle 3 pillars of sustainability: social, economic, environmental and ability to put forward issues of nutrition, health, and biodiversity preservation. - Food procurement programmes guaranteeing a certain percentage of purchases for smallholders in organic agriculture is another opportunity that has proved important to foster small-holder agriculture. This could also be aligned with various national programmes, such as school feeding programmes. - In terms of governance, it is important to foster dialogue between food value chain stakeholders, through, for example, technical committees implemented at state or city-level governments. It also important to delineate which actor should be responsible for the leadership of national and multi-stakeholders initiatives, and how to disseminate the practices across municipalities. The full list of opportunities and challenges identified during this workshop can be found in the workshop report attached as a Relevant Link. قراءة القليل

Around the issue of food waste, there were several initiatives presented around the redistribution of unused or unwanted food. These typically involve re-purposing or redistributing charitably. On the one hand many see these initiatives as a win-win situation whereby food is not lost and it even creates economic and/or social benefits. Others, however, point out the need to look deeper at the question of why there is so much unwanted and unused food in the first place. Where along the value chain might these issues be addressed? For example in the processing and packaging, or marketing of food... قراءة المزيد. It was pointed out that in order to diagnose and fix the systemic problems of the global food value chain, it is imperative to have all relevant stakeholders at the table. These food value chain consultations, while participatory and inclusive, were lacking some voices such as smallholder producers and farmers associations. It is important to talk to and hear from them as well as those who are making the actual policy or business decisions. قراءة القليل

Strengthening the science-policy interface by adopting the value-chain approach is one of the key pillars in strengthening multilateral cooperation on Sustainable Consumption and Production. Building on the findings of the joint task group of the International Resource Panel and the One Planet network presented in the report “Catalysing science-based policy action on sustainable consumption and production: the value-chain approach and its application to food, construction and textiles”, the One Planet network held consultations throughout 2021 to collectively define priorities objectives f... قراءة المزيدor Sustainable Consumption and Production. The aim was to continue with the application of the value-chain approach in the high-impact sectors of food, construction and plastics and thereby ensuring its scientific foundation. These three sectors are prioritised based on the Fourth UN Environment Assembly Resolution, and the One Planet recommendations to the High-Level Political Forum. The value-chain approach is a methodology for science-based policy action on sustainable consumption and production. Its purpose is to identify key points of intervention within economic systems to reduce natural-resource use and environmental impacts caused by production and consumption, and to define prioritised objectives to transform the system. Critically, the value-chain approach goes beyond an understanding of where resource use and environmental impacts occur, to understand why this is happening and what the key points of intervention are for science-based policy action. Shaping clear priorities for the food sector Through consultation and collaboration, the Value-Chain Approach identifies where solutions already exist at key intervention points, and where there are gaps and opportunities, and defines a clear priorities that can transform the system. This participatory approach taps into the bodies of lay and practical knowledge that are collectively held among SCP practitioners, as well as ensuring their crucial buy-in for the implementation of prioritised objectives. Food sector was the focus of the first set of consultations series concentrating on innovative business and policy solutions, which was undertaken in April and May 2021 in the form of 5 expert workshops, each focusing on the prioritised stages of the food value-chain: - Food services and tourism, 8th April - Agricultural inputs, food traders and primary production, 15th April - Food processing/manufacturing and retail, 22nd April - Individual consumption, 29th April - Food-related policies and policy instruments, 6th May The objectives of these workshops were to socialise the findings of the report, present key messages, opportunities and challenges identified during the consultative workshops and engage with experts to contribute to the development of clear priorities for the food sector. قراءة القليل

The food value chain analysis showed that the middle stages of the food value chain -- controlled by food companies across trading, processing and packaging, retail and food services -- are structurally powerful and have a disproportionate influence across both primary production and final consumption. Actors at these stages have a huge impact on the activities at either end in determining both what food farmers produce and what food consumers buy. The analysis of the food value chain identified three core challenges: 1) How we produce food: The majority of natural-resource use and environment... قراءة المزيدal impacts takes place during production. Changing production practices is critical to using resources more efficiently and sustainably, while causing less damage to the environment. 2) How much food we produce and consume: One-third of all food produced is either lost at the production, transportation or processing stages, or wasted downstream in the food at the retail, food service and consumption stages. 3) What types of food we produce and consume: Different types of food can embody large differences in the natural resources used and environmental impacts caused along the stages of the value chain including production processing, transportation, and disposal. The value chain analysis has shown that whereas the majority of natural resource use happens at the primary production stages, it is the structurally powerful actors in the middle stages of the value chain who are well-positioned to shift production practices. In the examples presented during the food value-chain consultations, most ideas around shifting production techniques involved capacity building of primary producers or facilitating access to finance. Missing, however, is a more holistic view of how the decisions made further downstream in the value chain (by traders, food processors and manufacturers, retails and food service providers) could systemically change the production patterns. The projects tend to focus on raising awareness around sustainability or increasing the capacity of farmers to produce sustainably without addressing the underlying constraints and bottlenecks inherent in the current economic system (e.g. short-term contracts, short-term profit concerns) instituted by the actors in the middle of the value chain. The importance of having the right policy environment in place was highlighted in all workshops. From the issue of financing for smallholder producers, to enabling policy environments which incite retailers to select local materials, to the procurement practices of governments and private entities. Procurement in particular was highlighted as a major opportunity to reduce environmental impacts through local sourcing, and increase consciousness around healthy eating. It was noted, however, that procurement rules are often voluntary and done piecemeal on a local basis. The importance of data and information flow within value chains is crucial to ensure accountability, traceability and an accurate picture of the impact of production practices. This necessitates a clear, science-based picture on the one hand, based on rigorous research and measurement. In terms of solutions, various technologies were proposed often as a way to shorten the distance between producer and consumer, and also to make sustainable (or unsustainable practices) more visible. Such technologies include online platforms, blockchain, etc. Multistakeholder initiatives were also proposed as a way to increase transparency and accountability across a broad range of actors. The incentives, however, need to be aligned so that the main actors in the middle of the value chains take these solutions on board. The incentive structure of the global food value-chain, derived from the current global economic system, does not promote sustainable consumption and production practices. Contracts between suppliers and buyers tend to be short term, and producers do not have a long enough time horizon to commit to more sustainable production practices. The incentives are geared towards the short term, in terms of the contractual arrangements and profits. If the cost of producing more sustainably falls on the producer, and their visibility of the value chain stops at their immediate buyer, there is not incentive to produce more sustainably. Guaranteeing longer contracts, or certain volume purchases, is necessary. There are examples of major players in the middle of the value chain putting in place initiatives to improve the situation, such as responsible sourcing quotas. Consumers are largely shaped by their food environment, and there is a need to address the paradox between actors at middle stages of the food value chain not providing healthy and sustainable food due to the lack of consumer demand, and consumers not being able to demonstrate this demand due to a lack of sustainable food choices. However it is important to note that plurality of reasons affect the supply of and demand for sustainable products. These could be but are not limited to market-driven demand; profitability and accessibility; social and cultural environment. قراءة القليل

Consultative workshop on sustainable food value chain with focus on food services and tourism sector - 8th April The discussions of the workshop focused on existing initiatives of the tourism sector and have identified a number of enablers, challenges and gaps that exist at the food service stage of the food value chain, as well as its interlinkages with other stages, mainly that of primary production, individual consumption, as well as with policy environment. Opportunities and enablers - Establishing linkages between local producers and actors of the tourism sector provides multiple benefits... قراءة المزيد. It gives market access for local farmers and the opportunity to diversify their production; and, on the other hand, allows the actors of the tourism sector to offer fresh, nutritious meals to their customers made from local products. - Sustainable procurement practices play an important role in establishing this link and maximizing local sourcing practices. These practices should not be applied in a way that disadvantages some famers over others. - Training of procurers as well as kitchen staff is essential in this process as it allows to minimize waste and maximize the value of the food served. - A greater opportunity exists when tourism sector actors not only purchase their products from local farmers, but establish long-term relationship with them, contributing to their training, logistics, access to innovation and technology related to such practices as agro-ecology, agrobiodiversity, avoidance of heavy pesticides and fertilizers and overall positively influencing the resource use and environmental impacts of the primary production and help diversify the offer. - Developing sustainable menus adapted to local requirements and training of kitchen staff on topics related to food waste, resource efficiency, sustainable diets, etc. undertaken in parallel with consumer awareness activities contributes to building the demand for such meals and improve the sustainability of food preparation. - Farm tourism is another opportunity to assure additional revenue for producers, as well as being an educational and awareness raising approach. - Repurposing surplus food has multiple simultaneous benefits: it helps to avoid food waste and supports local communities by redistributing good and nutritious food to those in need (link to circularity in the food sector) - Linking the issue of addressing food loss and waste as a way to reduce carbon footprint and improve cost efficiency is an important enabler for this topic to be addressed by the tourism sector more broadly. - Digitalization of data on food loss and waste, its monitoring and accessibility to actors of the tourism sector, including chefs and policy makers. - Making the economic case to tackle food loss and waste which results in positive return on investment is another opportunity to address it. Challenges and gaps - The burden of bearing the costs associated with sustainable production often fall on farmers, putting them in disadvantaged position. Adopting sustainable farming practices and being able to farm diverse local varieties of food should be economically viable for farmers for this to become common practice. - Prevention and reduction of food loss and waste remains a challenge for the tourism sector. - One Planet Sustainable Tourism Programme, through its Advisory Group on Food Loss and Waste in Tourism sector, has identified the following gaps: Absence of sectoral baseline on food waste and loss; Absence/lack of strategic vision on company level with milestones that could be transposed into actions plans locally; Lack of continuity in measurement of waste and lack of consistent annual reporting on progress; Punctual and non-recurring character of activities aiming at reducing food waste and absence of consistent follow up; and levers to address food waste and loss are not identified in comprehensive and systemic manner (lack of value chain and circular approaches, solutions such as sustainable procurement not always clearly identified and prioritized). Based on the gaps identified the Programme aims to develop the Roadmap on food loss and waste in tourism. قراءة القليل

Consultative workshop on sustainable food value chain focusing on agricultural inputs, primary production & traders - 15th Apr Through the discussion a number of enablers, challenges & gaps that exist at these stages were identified: - There is a high degree of consolidation in the agricultural input industry, with a small number of companies controlling inputs on which farmers depend. - Farmers and fishers are fragmented and find themselves in a weak position where they are compelled to accept the prices, standards and contract terms offered to them by food companies, with limited cap... قراءة المزيدacity to negotiate. Many farmers in traditional food systems suffer from a lack of physical and institutional infrastructure to improve productivity and profitability. - Traders, an important player in the food value chain, are the closest link to farmers. Depending on the commodity agricultural traders can be either highly consolidated (e.g. grain) or fragmented (e.g. palm oil). Big import/export companies are increasingly involved in other stages of the food value chain including production, processing & distribution. - Effective mechanisms for participatory and inclusive processes for policy development need to be rethought and established. They should be based on the real needs and realities of the stakeholders, especially farmers, to manage tradeoffs. These can be elaborated at local and regional levels to define the vision supported by concrete outcomes. - Public procurement, as a strong enabler of sustainable farming practices, should be leveraged. Potential is identified within school feeding programmes that procure food from agroecological farm, improving nutrition, educating and raising awareness, and contributing to the reduction of resource use and environmental impact of the primary production. - Certifications, connecting production and consumption stages, present an opportunity for systems change. Certifications should be streamlined and measures to reduce their costs adopted. - Addressing food loss and waste presents an opportunity in reducing resource use and environmental impact at primary production. - Farmer organizations/cooperatives play an important role in strengthening the voice of farmers and their negotiating power. - Place-based agroecology initiatives present an interesting opportunity as it gives the farmers access to the market and directly connects them with local restaurants and retail. - School gardens is also a way to educate consumers from early age and create the understanding and demand for sustainably produced food. Engaging young generations in farming is conducive to better adoption of new technologies and practices. - Access to finance is a key enabler. Microfinance programmes can facilitate financial inclusion of farmers and help them to transform and incorporate best practices. This also links to the need to educate the financial sector and bring the understanding of the farmers needs to be addressed through adequate financial offer. - Peer-to-peer learning among farmers and farm to farm collaboration has shown to be effective when accessing finance and adopting sustainable practices. - Adopting innovative farming techniques (such as micro-biome applications) may not be very profitable, but beneficial in terms of planetary health. Diverse tools and incentives need to be developed by the governments to support the farmers in adopting these innovative practices. - Transportation within the food value chain presents a significant bottleneck as it comprises a broad variety of means to be considered, is quite consolidated in some countries, and is crucial in determining the distances the food can travel. More focus should be put on the sector. - It is important to consider the balance of power between exporting and importing countries, where government usually tends to play a major role as an exporter of food commodities and private companies are the importer. Policy interventions should therefore vary depending on the context. The full list of opportunities and challenges identified during this workshop can be found in the workshop report attached as a Relevant Link. قراءة القليل

The Independent Dialogue organised on ‘Participatory and inclusive climate risk management for resilient and climate-friendly food systems’ under Action Track 5 aimed to achieve several objectives including: Gain further input on the roles of different stakeholders and multi-actor partnerships including government, the private sector, civil society, and local communities on addressing climate risks and vulnerabilities along the food production cycle and food supply and value chain. Identify through an inclusive and participatory process solutions to be introduced under Action Track 5, in p... قراءة المزيدarticular to the workstreams on environmental, social, and economic resilience and cross-cutting solutions to build resilience of the food systems and ensure universal access to food. Build on the technical capacity of key stakeholders working on the topic of climate risk management, climate risk transfer and climate insurance, to build resilience of the food systems. Identify entry points for integrating context-specific and holistic risk management approaches into national and international policies, plans, and processes and existing infrastructure to strengthen food systems. Highlight and further explore the role of Nationally Determined Contributions, National Adaptation Plans, other relevant processes and mechanisms under the UNFCCC, and the SDGs in ensuring universal access to food. Integration of resilience-building among youth and women and the inclusion of gender and youth empowerment in planning and policy processes. Discuss implications of climate-related human mobility for food systems. Connect to just recovery from COVID-19, and resilience-building in food systems through just transition. Share knowledge, experiences, best practices, and lessons learned. قراءة القليل

The Dialogue comprised keynote speakers and panellists including: Prof Saleemul Huq - Director, ICCCAD and AT5 leadership team Chair; Mr Lesley Ndlovu - CEO at ARC Ltd.; Mr Duncan Williamson - Founder, Nourish Food Systems; Daniel Stadtmüller - Team Lead and Senior Advisor, InsuResilience Global Partnership; Ruwani de Silva - Coordinator, Global Youth Forum on Climate Change and Mr Dennis Mombauer - Director Research and Knowledge Management, SLYCAN Trust. During the Dialogue as well as the breakout sessions the following findings emerged: Blended financing mechanisms could enhance small proj... قراءة المزيدects/initiatives locally owned by women and youth Systematic approaches need to be utilised for effective risk analysis Innovations could help to ensure food security including community gardens utilising vertical farming tools Enacting food as a public good could help to ensure universal food access Implementing climate risk profiling, using AI to tailor local weather patterns with soil/agricultural practices Empowering women’s agency and leadership can greatly enhance the development of resilience solutions Integrated approaches for sustainable soil management can facilitate regenerative agriculture and reap both economic and environmental benefits Community-based decision-making mechanisms and information systems are crucial for comprehensive risk management in food systems In addition to the above, the discussion also brought to light certain challenges in relation to climate risk management and food systems, which have been divided into four key areas as follows. Challenges in addressing climate and disaster risks along the agricultural supply and value chain to build resilient food systems Lack of information in the locality of the farmers leading to them selling their products at a lower price Distribution and less access to the actions for farmers Limited stakeholder participation and the lack of coordination between institution and its stakeholders The cost of the risk transfer solutions and its availability. Lack of Infrastructure and access to digital spaces. The lack of access to resilient seeds and the increase in the prices of agricultural produce Challenges in addressing climate and disaster risks to ensure universal food access Price monopolies in the market affecting small scale farmers and presenting barriers to compete both locally and internationally Lack of access to resources such as finance and technology. Lack of access to markets and market information Technological and technical knowledge gap in access between large and small farmers Agriculture sector taking a back seat during national decision-making Challenges to harness existing or innovative finance mechanisms to enhance food system resilience Lack of awareness or trust in available financial tools amongst farmers Lack of financial literacy amongst farmers and the capacity to use the tools Lack of access to digitised data and available data not being accessible due to language Lack of centralised data collection and dissemination Lack of trust in new/novel financial models, often as a result of previous mechanisms that have failed Lack of gender-disaggregated data to introduce products that would help address gender-specific vulnerabilities Challenges for vulnerable agricultural communities and groups to access finance? Co-financing barriers in the current available financial tools Poor financial systems and management Lack of trust in financial institutions due to past experiences and lack of data and information, which needs to be addressed by bringing all stakeholders together at all levels of discussion Conflict and climate impacts, in particular on pastoralists and migrants Poor household cash flow Informal and unregistered food producers not being part of formal support systems Disputes over land and unclear/contested land ownership Lack of loan repayment capacity قراءة القليل

Our key outcomes, actions to be taken and challenges are highlighted under four different questions that were answered during the session and are as follows. Challenges in addressing climate and disaster risks along the agricultural supply and value chain to build resilient food systems Implement policy changes towards more inclusive and participatory actions Build capacity of vulnerable communities by increasing the awareness of climate and disaster risks on food systems Ensure better coordination between the government and the ground level individuals and all stakeholders in general Build ca... قراءة المزيدpacity on financial literacy of farmers and agricultural communities Establish proper early warning systems and entrust its sustainability and ownership to the community Conduct comprehensive research and develop tools to broaden research prospects Share knowledge and technology on innovations and global best practices including regenerative farming, mangrove restoration and agro-forestry that indirectly benefit agriculture; on alternative methodologies including hydroponics, micro irrigation etc that are not as water intensive and indigenous seed varieties Conduct evidence-based research and share with all stakeholders Encourage micro insurance and crop insurance among farming communities Challenges in addressing climate and disaster risks to ensure universal food access Providing a stable price to the farmer without a mediator to localise the food supply chain/ shorten the food supply chain Encouraging Farmers to do agriculture as per market demand and not on the anticipation of demand and also link food production with nutritional needs Conduct training for farmers to innovate and formulate new ideas Ensure fair trade approaches as well as capacity building on the importance of fair trade Implementation of a community level certification system Establishing strategic food reserves Adopt integrated agricultural systems Reduction of food waste/ excess sale harvest at a lower price Developing databases for food production Solutions to harness existing or innovative finance mechanisms to enhance food system resilience Capacity building on finance mechanisms and tools Introducing innovative ways of accessing finance Promoting and applying quick finance approaches Identification of farmer success stories and supporting them through positive reinforcement Providing special loans for farmers Providing blended finance mechanism options Capacity building of farmers and providing farmers with training and access to experts and advisors Encouraging production of high-yield agricultural crops Compiling a centralised and analysed database to put to ensure the more effective use of existing and new data that will drive innovative solutions Encouraging younger farmers and newer generations on the importance of pursuing agriculture Encouraging more private sector participation Solutions for vulnerable agricultural communities and groups to access finance Implementing government-lead processes for vulnerable communities to access funding. To also implement loan schemes that would enable the government to act or a guarantor when needed. Financial guidelines to ensure ease of access for communities that are not controlled by different actors Setting up other funding mechanisms to directly reach vulnerable communities Encouraging youth and young farmers to adopt agriculture and farming by collaborating with existing youth and women groups Making farmers active participants in workshops and capacity building programmes Encouraging public private partnerships Developing insurance products that represent issues and challenges of vulnerable agricultural communities Building capacity across the farming community to increase trust among insurance products Strengthening links between supply and value chain actors قراءة القليل

The focus of the dialogue was to find solution pathways in addressing urban hunger with a focus on collaborating with government leaders to consider implementing urban landscapes in city planning. We invited notable projects led by private and civil society as well as an urban planner who spoke about the urbanization of food to provide government leaders new ideas to consider as they plan their cities.

There is a critical need for greater collaboration between all stakeholders--government, private sector, non-profit organizations, and civil society to integrate food and nutrition security into urban city planning and execution. It is unfortunate that we were not able express or commit to a plan of action to implement what was discussed but we continue to be in contact with these city governments to see if they may be interested to explore food systems in more depth.

Some of the government representatives present held a view that they were implementing programs that were sufficient enough to address hunger in their cities. They shared some initiatives they were leading which aligned with what was shared by the speakers. However, this is contrary to the statistics that we shared at the beginning of the dialogue where 1/5 Filipinos in Metro manila are hungry.

The major focus of the dialogue is on Food Loss and Waste (FLW) in lines with the national focus of China in regards to the Food System Summit and the International Conference on Food Waste and loss, to be organised later in 2021. Food systems touch every aspect of human existence and Food Loss and Waste (FLW) is identified as the focus of this joint webinar by the RBAs (FAO, WFP, and IFAD) and ESCAP-CSAM in China, for two-fold considerations: Firstly, out of the five Action Tracks (AT), FAO is the UN Anchor Agency of AT 1: Ensuring access to safe and nutritious food for all; IFAD is for AT 4:... قراءة المزيد Advancing equitable livelihoods and value distribution; WFP is for AT 5: Building resilience to vulnerabilities, shocks and stress. Reducing FLW through the whole value chain contributes to all these three ATs, as well as AT 2: Shifting to sustainable consumption patterns, and AT 3: Boosting nature-positive production at sufficient scale. Moreover, sustainable agricultural mechanization and related technologies, which are the focus of CSAM’s work, can offer key solutions to address FLW in support of all five ATs. Secondly: globally, around 14 percent of food produced is lost between harvest and retail. Significant quantities are also wasted in retail and at the consumption level. That is why, in 2019, the 74th United Nations General Assembly designated 29 September as the International Day of Awareness of Food Loss and Waste. In the context of China, this April, Chinese government adopted a law against food waste. Prior to this law, a "Clear Your Plate" campaign gained steam across the country. Therefore, reducing food loss and waste contributes to building pathways towards resilient, robust and sustainable food systems. The objective of the dialogue was to showcase experiences and exchange lessons learned from China’s domestic accomplishments as well as some international practices, with a specific focus on reducing FLW, which could be further upscaled in the context of the food waste law in China and in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The dialogue included deliberations to outline inputs and recommendations to inform the UN Food Systems Summit as well as the International Conference on Food Loss and Waste. قراءة القليل

Globally, around 14 percent of food produced is lost between harvest and retail. Reducing food loss and waste contributes to building pathways towards resilient, robust and sustainable food systems, aligned with target 12.3 of the Sustainable Development Goals, halving per capita global food waste at retail and consumer levels by 2030, as well as reducing food losses and waste along the production and supply chains. Drawing upon practices and lessons learned from China’s domestic accomplishments as well as some international practices, this independent dialogue provided many illustrative exa... قراءة المزيدmples of what it takes, in practical and innovative ways, to transform food systems at local and country levels to become more resilient. The effective and efficient implementation requires an enabling environment of governance mechanisms and technical innovations that facilitate consultation across sectors and all key stakeholders, such as Chinese governments, development financial institutions, private sectors, academia, grass-roots level farmers’ cooperatives, United Nations agencies, as well as scientific research institutions. Reducing food loss and waste in food systems requires systematic thinking and approaches, with additional policy attention to developing effective market systems, especially for perishables. The market access could be improved by supporting the formation through farmer groups, cooperatives, associations and link them to markets, encourage contractual farming and long-term contractual agreements between growers and processors. Improve infrastructure for roads, energy and markets especially in rural areas where most of the production occurs, is critical in facilitating the transformation of local food systems. China has established a legal and policy system to promote food saving from the government level. Major measures include cultivating consciousness for saving food, developing laws and regulations, as well as monitoring and evaluating the implementations. Innovative technologies, such as green grain storage technology, cleaning drying technology and equipment, as well as grain logistics technology, play a key role in post-harvest loss practices. The standardization and efficiency of field management could facilitate addressing the food loss in harvesting, which can be achieved by implementing quality standards for harvesting machinery, as well as operational norms for harvesting operations, planting and agronomic norms, with attention to promote land merging and appropriate grain varieties. Technological improvements in drying equipment could maintain moisture and nutrients of thermal-sensitive grains to minimizing deterioration and preserving higher economic value. Scaling up the availability of technologies, information and innovative solutions is significant to accelerating the transformation of food systems, while ensuring that possible trade-offs are minimized as a consequence of the transformative process. E-commerce could build a bridge between small farmers and consumers to reduce food loss in the process, transferring the demand from the consumer side to the production side to short the supply chain of agricultural products. Establishing the supply chain system suitable for fresh agricultural products could further improve the efficiency of agricultural products circulation and reduce food loss and waste. Based on digitalization, investment in the construction of cold storage, fresh cold chain logistics system and other related infrastructure nationwide will promote the development of transformative food system. Financial innovation and incentive mechanisms is one of the key actions in the food system to reduce food loss and facilitate the transformation of food system. With a loan system designed by policy banks to cover all segments of the food supply chain, a series of credit products could be harnessed to benefit small farmers and serve the whole industry of grains and oil in the processes of production, storage, purchase and sales, circulation, processing, supply etc. Within food systems, interaction is needed among smallholders and agribusinesses. Through collaboration with farmer cooperatives in the operations, local “grain banks” could prevent food losses and increase farmers’ income by providing storage, credit and exchange solutions of agricultural products. Machinery Professional Cooperative Association could empower member farmers to gain access to heavy agricultural machinery with multiple ways of reducing food loss at various stages of the production cycle and storage, as a lever in transformative change of food system. During the dialogue, all stakeholders stressed the importance of, and are commitment to, disseminating game-changing solutions centered around reducing food loss and waste; pioneering actions to facilitate the transformation of food system and enhance food security; increasing sustainability through the food value chains; and promoting the efficiency, inclusiveness and resilience of food systems within the context of SDGs. قراءة القليل

1: Reducing food loss in production, and processing Assistant Prof. Huang Jiaqi, Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS): • Reducing FLW in food systems with systematic approaches from pre-harvest farm-level losses to post-harvest losses, where additional policy concerns are given to vegetables, fruits and the perishables wastes which accounting for 20-30% of total FLW, not merely the grain losses. 2. Mr. Zhang Chengzhi, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration (NAFRA) • Whole value chain approach for FLW reduction and increase of grai... قراءة المزيدn production while aiming at carbon neutrality approach. • Develop anti-food loss regulations and rules to cultivate consciousness of saving food and supervise the implementation of laws from the government level. 3. Mr. Cao Guangqiao, Deputy Director General, Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs China • Implement harvesting machinery quality standards reducing waste, as well as operational norms for harvesting operations, planting and agronomic norms with attention to promote land merging and appropriate grain varieties for field management standardization and efficiency. • Strengthen professional qualification management for agricultural machinery operators, develop specialized and socialized service organizations and carry out regular technical exchanges and trainings, as well as provide weather warning notices, operation market conditions and other early warning information to farmers. 4. Mr. Liu Dan, Executive General Manager, Debont (Wuhu) Agricultural Machinery Co., Limited. • Promote energy-efficient drying equipment to maintain moisture and nutrients of thermal-sensitive grains to minimizing deterioration and preserving higher economic value. قراءة القليل

2: Reducing food loss and waste in supply chain Prof. Cao Baoming, Dean, Institute of Food Economics, Nanjing University of Finance & Economics Intangible Croplands from Sustainable Food Supply Chain • Cropland protection could well facilitate farmland development and food loss reduction virtually protects cropland resource. As one of key objectives of FSS, building Sustainable Food Supply Chain could contribute to the food loss reduction in supply chain as well as carbon emission reduction, which aims to achieve a sustainable food chain with resource efficient use upon less investment f... قراءة المزيدor ecological environment while producing quality and nutritious food. • The cooperation and engagement among international community, national governments, private sectors, and social organizations are critical for reducing food loss and waste. More efforts could be focused on 1. Enhancing food supply chain with efficient inputs 2. Building systemic technologies achieving food loss and waste reduction through food chain covering post-harvest, storage and warehousing, processing, transportation and distribution, and consuming section. 3. Strengthening advocacy for food loss and waste reduction (e.g. global initiative) with more active engagement of UN agencies, NGOs, and private sectors Mr. Shao Hui, General Manager, Food and Agriculture Department, Inspur Group ICT for sustainable supply chain: • Based on Cloud Computing, Cloud Services, Big Data, IoT and other digitalized tools with integration of information and communication technologies, packaged service aiming food loss and waste could benefit the whole food value chain. • The ICT-based toolkit remarkably improves the efficiency of grain purchasing and marketing to reduce the post-harvest loss, which provides space to attain digitalization, visualization, standardization of grain supply chain, traceability and reduce the risk of grain reserves management. • The smart grain warehouse management system enables surveillance, temperature control, nitrogen conditioning, risk monitoring and alarming to prolong grain shelf life, lower the management cost, and maintain grain quality in grain warehouse, so as to reduce the food loss and waste. Ms. Hou Kaidi, Vice President, Pinduoduo E-commerce to reduce the loss of agricultural products • E-commerce platform focusing on agricultural production with cold-chain logistics network could improve procurement efficiency from smallholder farmers to consumers, well connecting transportation and retailing, contributing to food loss and waste reduction. Mr. Alexey Kravchenko, Economic Affairs Officer, Trade, Investment and Innovation Division, ESCAP Reducing food loss in international trade: • One measurable aspect of food loss is through border rejections due to non-compliance with regulations, including unnecessary delays and inconsistent decision making by border officials. Addressing unnecessary delays can also reduce food waste at retail and consumption level by prolonging shelf lives of food products. Streamlining boarder procedures both outward and inwards is crucial, however careful balance must be ensured because poor sanitary and phytosanitary measure implementation can spread diseases and pests. • Four ongoing studies have been started in the region trying to estimate the extent, causes and propose solutions for food loss due to international trade, and pilot countries includes India, Sri-Lanka, Indonesia, and Bangladesh. قراءة القليل

3. Inclusive access to finance and use of digitization in market estimates to enable food loss reduction Ms. Yan Ruoru, Deputy General Manager, Grain, Cotton, and Edible Oil Department, Agricultural Development Bank of China For many farmers, particularly smallholders, lacking financial means to implement food loss-reducing investments such as better storage solutions is a major impediment. One of the key actions needed in the food system to reduce food loss is therefore to financial innovation and incentive mechanisms. Since 1994, the Agriculture Development Bank of China (ADBC) was set up as... قراءة المزيد one of China’s Policy Banks with a set mandate to contribute to agricultural development and poverty alleviation. ADBC has introduced a loan system that covers every segment of the food supply chain, which includes a series of credit products to serve the whole industry of grains and oil in the processes of production, storage, purchase and sales, circulation, processing, supply etc. All these advancements have the potential to reduce food waste through making processes more efficient and streamlined. Furthermore, ADBC implement preferential credit policies to support and further incentivize reduction of grain waste and losses. Mr. Bai Chengyu, Director of UN Project Division III, the China International Center for Economic and Technical Exchanges (CICETE), Ministry of Commerce, China: To transform the food system, a better understanding of the food market will be needed to identify the causes of food loss and possible solutions. This will include how inefficient relations between supply and demand contributes to food loss. From the demand side, awareness raising is needed and the making of accurate consumption plans in advance can reduce food loss. From the supply side, in case food prices are undervalued, price adjustments are required; mismatch of demand and supply leads to loss and waste, which can be addressed by promoting more closely demand-drive production, including by using digital platforms to make agricultural product sales efficient and to mitigate asymmetric supply and demand information. Recent innovations in this area provide information to be used in big data calculations and AI-based food demand analysis to better predict demand and adjust production accordingly. Financial policy should be designed to support an efficient management mechanism between demand and supply side and establish direct links between the two sides. Furthermore, the supply chain system should be built on proximity to support locally produced commodities and avoid unnecessarily long transport, thus minimizing gaps in timing and distance. قراءة القليل