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Despite a longstanding history of development and expansion within Asia, the value and potential of global aquaculture has only recently surged to the forefront of public attention. With the industry’s rapid growth in recent decades, current commercial aquaculture practices have drawn scepticism over the environmental, social and ethical impacts of the industry. The key aim of this dialogue was to address whether scientific findings, personal stories and industry insights support or mitigate these concerns. We did this by questioning the limitations of current practices and by identifying ne... قراءة المزيدw solutions that could aid us in overcoming barriers that presently limit the industry’s ability to sustainably expand and offer an economically, socially and environmentally viable means to feed higher and lower socio economic regions. We aimed to foster a more open and dynamic form of dialogue between sectors and stakeholders that would infrequently interact so candidly, to see if a more relaxed conversational style of discussion could help to gain mutual trust, understanding and ultimately lead to more rounded solutions that could ensure developments in aquaculture meet all actors’ respective measures of sustainability. Given the breadth of the topic, we broke the discussion down into four key areas in order to delve deeper into major areas of topical importance within the industry’s development. We addressed key concerns and solutions through the following groups: 1. Products & Practice: This group focussed on whether or not we are currently focussing our attention on producing the right products and using the right methods to do so. Discussion topics were oriented around the proportional roles of researchers, innovators, the public, and policymakers in shaping what we should produce and how we should produce it. 2. The Role of Research, Innovation & Technology: This group focussed on what role research, innovation and technology will respectively play in shaping and facilitating a more sustainable aquaculture industry. 3. Ethical Considerations & Animal Welfare: This group focussed on how to overcome issues relating to value chain inequities, unevenly distributed allocation of knowledge or resources needed to foster sustainable growth of aquaculture, and solutions for improved animal welfare. 4. Aligning Policy For Social & Environmental Solutions: This group focussed on the critical role of policy as both an inhibitor and provider of positive social and environmental progression within the aquaculture industry. This group discussed solutions that could help to better align policy with other sectors in order to facilitate and encourage sustainable movements. قراءة القليل

Participants (particularly those within industry) identified the need for a reference class with which we can compare advancements in sustainability. By outlining a clear standardised and definable metric for social and environmental sustainability, industries could act with more direction and purpose towards better practice. Many participants felt scientific and regulatory uncertainty has made sustainable progress difficult for industry to achieve in practice - regardless of any intention to do so. Many members agreed that public opinion, awareness, and consumer demand will be key to establis... قراءة المزيدhing more sustainable aquaculture practices. To caveat this, it was also broadly agreed that shifting this awareness should be the responsibility of industry, researchers and governments - not solely on consumers to self-educate. By creating streams of reliable, science-based information both on social media and user endpoints (like supermarkets), consumers can be nudged towards the best options. A number of groups believe that the environment should be the primary and ultimate beneficiary of sustainability focussed developments in aquaculture. By prioritising the environmental aspects of sustainability first, many participants believed there would be longer term beneficial implications for society and economy to follow. Noted - this was contested by some. Regulatory bodies need to create flexible arrangements to accommodate and support industry during this transition to soften any financial burdens accrued by focussing on environment or animal welfare over profit and immediate production. While the focus of aquaculture research has shifted towards topics that offer solutions to industry, current funding to enable the translation of research into practice is not sufficient to inspire innovator investment. There was a clear desire to realign research with industry and small-scale producers to avoid valuable knowledge ‘gathering dust’ in archives. We need greater investment on bridging institutions that can connect research with industry to facilitate their conversion into practical solutions for producers. The fisheries and aquaculture industries are underpinned by a significant degree of mistrust between policymakers and producers - a culmination of decades of disconnected decision making that neglected to award many producers direct input or voice at the decision making table. Because of this, policy for positive innovation has often misaligned with industry needs and legislation (or lack thereof) has caused bottlenecks to innovative progress. Greater linkages and dialogue between these two sectors is needed - communicators and interdisciplinary actors will be integral to bridging this gap. On a smaller scale, participants acknowledged the need to build capacity for the implementation of technology locally, in a way that is considerate and adapted to the resources available. Technology has to be affordable, attend to local needs and the focus of development and implementation of innovation must remain on creating value for producers if we’re going to see innovation adopted in practice. On a broader scale, international bodies (such as the UN) can help by establishing global sustainability standards for production, providing support for developing regions, and by defining clear attainable goals for sustainable aquaculture in those regions. The capital intensive nature of commercialised aquaculture restricts buy-in from many seeking to farm in ‘unconventional’ manners - such as in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems, or focussed on lower trophic cultivation. More sustainable farming methods need increased support from innovators and researchers in ways that can reduce operational or upfront capital costs in order to create more viable markets and profit margins for producers in this space. This also goes hand in hand with a dire need for greater education amongst the general population about less common but more alternative seafoods (e.g. lower trophic species) to boost market sizes for these products. Some participants felt that current SDG indicators (e.g. SDG14) are not sufficient to drive change as they are not sufficiently developed yet (especially in aquaculture). Researchers have a responsibility to start working more closely with industry to make indicators that make industrial, ecological and social sense. This must be a transdisciplinary exercise. Conversely, the industry also has work to do in trying to interpret their business activities in SDGs. Current feed options are incredibly cheap and are outcompeting innovation. There is a need for legislation to enable the creation of markets for competition between innovators, instead of between innovators and current ‘conventional’ feed providers. Legislation could create this market by enforcing periodic annual or bi-annual incremental increases in sustainable production. For example: regulations stipulating that this year, 1% of fish production should be 100% ‘sustainable’, and this percentage should increase over time. We cannot ask industry to volunteer for more expensive alternatives as the likelihood for adoption is low. قراءة القليل

Discussion group 1: Product & Practice The group talked about developments in sustainable aquaculture practices, the challenges that inhibit their regional or international success, and the policies needed to reduce or remove these inhibitions. Factors that heavily influence the development and efficiency of sustainable aquaculture practices were noted as: type of species, type of feed, and financial and legislative incentives (or lack thereof) to pursue more sustainable means of production. The participants also discussed the need for policymakers to align legislation more closely with bo... قراءة المزيدth innovator and industry demands in order to free up markets for sustainable alternatives to compete with current practices. Aligning these legislations with practical solutions would require more dialogue between the private sector and government. Additionally, the group highlighted the importance of alternative feed sourcing as a key factor for reducing environmental impacts. Promoting increased production of lower trophic or passive feeding species (e.g. bivalves or seaweed) through increased consumer awareness programmes or legislative incentives could shift focus away from more resource reliant fed species (e.g. finfish) and open space for ‘no-input’ alternatives. Overall, the group identified six possible solutions to promote the development and adoption of more sustainable aquaculture products and practices: 1. Explore restorative and multi-trophic integrated aquaculture (IMTA) systems: More financial and legislative incentives for researchers and innovators to explore scalable solutions in circular and restorative aquaculture practices. 2. Prioritise feed innovations: Alternative feeds and tighter regulation on sourcing of current feed options could offer significant reductions for the industry’s footprint. 3. Legislation must protect aquaculture investors, guaranteeing their use of allotted land or water for long periods: In many regions, there is a significant lack of aquaculture legislation which results in excessive delays for investors or prospective farmers to enter the industry. International assistance from industry experts could be useful to guide regional legislators to reduce entry barriers, and promote sustainability measures in early legislative frameworks around aquaculture. 4. Third-party sustainability reporting for the entire food system: Mandatory third-party sustainability reporting could dictate a particular producer’s available government subsidisation level and offer investors a standardised sustainability indicator prior to investment. 5. Create a market for innovation with legislation. Legislation that enforces industry adoption of sustainable alternatives could create a market for innovators to compete against each other rather than against more financially attractive, often cheaper and less sustainable options. 6. Increase support for cluster organisations for small-scale and artisanal farmers. Clusters of small-scale farmers allows artisanal producers to group and gain better deals on feed, resources (boats, nets, warehouses etc.) or technology, and would ensure individual producers are accountable to the same sustainability standards as other members of the cluster. Additionally, this would grant smallholders a more cohesive and powerful position as shapers of future policy or regulation within the industry. قراءة القليل

Discussion group 2: Role of Research, Innovation & Technology In this discussion group, the participants agreed that current innovation and technological advancements in aquaculture are largely driven by ‘luxury’ fish producing sectors within the industry (e.g. Salmon). The group also identified a clear challenge in translating these innovations to meet diversity of species, practices and scale in other corners of the aquaculture industry where markets are less consolidated around a few key species. The group also noted a need for improved links between research and innovation which co... قراءة المزيدuld be met by increased emphasis on accelerator initiatives (e.g. HATCH or Aqua-Spark). The private sector was noted as a key actor responsible for aiding the facilitation of increased conversion of research into practice - potentially by creating and using pooled industry research funds. The group also discussed the responsibility of innovators to focus on solutions that offer value to producers, rather than costs. Focussing innovation efforts around improved animal welfare or reductions in environmental footprint will not be adopted within industry unless regulations enforce their implementation, or they offer producers value to enhance their competitive edge at market. To increase markets for more sustainable products or alternatives, the group also acknowledged the role of educators and communicators in providing the general public with a greater depth of understanding about products and practice, with the aim of creating space for new markets and increasing acceptance of ‘novel’ alternatives. Overall, the group identified three possible solutions to promote the development and adoption of more sustainable aquaculture products and practices: 1. Develop innovations that add value to producers: Adoption and implementation of sustainability oriented innovation could be improved by placing greater emphasis on producing solutions that add value to producers, not only environment or animal welfare. 2. Improve industry-research links: Innovators and entrepreneurs need greater access to ‘accelerator’ initiatives that can facilitate the conversion of research into practice. 3. Create new markets: Create new markets for sustainable alternatives or different aquaculture products via educational programmes and transparent production narratives. قراءة القليل

Discussion group 3: Policy For Social & Environmental Solutions The group agreed that there is no current universal or standardised definition of sustainability, nor a globally specified set of guidelines that could guide legislators, producers or innovators. Added clarity around markers pertaining to the term by international actors (e.g. UN FAO) could aid both small and large scale producers by guiding their development (especially in early phase operations). The group identified that it is paramount to bridge the social (and physical) gap between policy makers and aquaculture producers,... قراءة المزيد so policy can be guided by the real needs and interests of producers. The inclusion of producers at the beginning (rather than retroactively) of the policy making process can help to build trust and understanding between those parties, while shaping the direction of legislation to be more practically and operationally considered. Regulators must be conscious to avoid contradictions around sustainability in supply chains, such as allowing importing of more sustainable lower trophic species, like bivalves from cheap production origins, where social and environmental regulations are less stringent. By allowing this, some of the benefits of more sustainable species (e.g. mussels) are offset by added environmental or social costs associated with imports from unregulated regions. Governments have a responsibility to support local producers that attempt to pursue methods deemed to be more sustainable. This could be done via subsidies for local producers, regulations for importers and retailers, and by emphasizing educational programmes that can improve consumer awareness around sustainability of their food with relation to product origins. The group felt that too much power (economical, political, of communication and marketing) is in the hands of the “big players” (corporations, big producers, supermarkets), leading to a disproportionate representation of the broader industry interests. It is important that this industry influence is more equally distributed in order to promote the diversification of products and spreading of profits to sustainability leaders in production and innovation. Two ways to achieve this could be via the establishment of producers associations (clusters or cooperatives), or by legislative support for local council buy-in as a partial owner over businesses that are established in their region. The latter could evoke greater buy-in from local actors and potentially shift the types of businesses permitted to operate in certain areas in favour of more sustainable options. The group noted that aquaculture is incredibly diverse in both product and practice, and thus requires a locally tailored approach regarding research and innovation. Research and innovation has to be developed according to local needs and also more closely account for locally available resources (financial, personal, etc). Local producers must have the capacity to implement the innovation and also provide maintenance. The group identified four main solutions to promote more sustainable production: 1. Speed of change: More support for researchers and innovators is needed to avoid industry growth outpacing sustainable solutions to mitigate any negative impacts. 2. Reconnect policy makers, producers and industry: Policy makers have to be closer to the producers to increase mutual trust and build more functional policies that align with real industry needs. 3. More collaboration: Increased facilitation and formation of cooperatives and clusters is needed to redistribute the voice of the industry away from a handful of key players. 4. Better communication: We need to reshape the narrative of aquaculture through transparent communication of the value and benefits of the sustainable aquaculture activities and products. قراءة القليل

Private sector investments in innovations supports the delivery of outcomes for people, nature and climate During the discussions in this breakout group, five key messages emerged. To start with, participants emphasized the need to put farmers first. Too many existing commitments focus solely on companies, while . farmers need to know that they are also part of the solution. Additionally, and because they run the highest risks, farmers need better access to investments. However, they also often risk their land as collateral and therefore need to be provided with alternatives and assistance. Go... قراءة المزيدing beyond, farmers need incentives to adopt innovations. Making the business case for farmers notably includes showing that innovative solutions can be affordable, and that they stand as investments rather than costs. The second key message that emerged from the discussion is that solutions from the innovation ecosystem can make it easier for farmers – for example through packaged solutions such as coupling insurance with climate information, or media innovation (including educational entertainment shows on national and regional TV programs). Participants also pointed to conditioned solutions as an option – such as financial innovation offered by banks in Brazil, who are conducting assessments to help identify gaps at farm level and offer tailor-made support. The third key message was the use of policies to help farmers transition. Policies can level the playing field by reshuffling regulatory tools and looking out for factors that may hinder the transition. Currently, the competition is not equal, and good practice requires using taxes, custom codes, and procurement guidelines. Furthermore, subsidies could be redirected to SME and farmer levels. Another key message identified was that consumers at the other end of the spectrum must also be involved and helped. Lastly, participants agreed that digital, finance and media should all be framed in the innovation and solution ecosystem. قراءة القليل

Sustainable and Resilient Agriculture – technical gaps, needs, and opportunities drawing from the Koronivia Joint Work on Agriculture This group discussion focused on innovation gaps, with big capacity gaps being found amongst ministries, specifically regarding multiple approaches and initiatives, and getting action on the ground. Furthermore, there is high uncertainty around carbon sources and sinks, and capacity gaps to do MRV (Monitoring, Reporting and Verification) – especially for the livestock sector and pastoral systems, particularly in Africa. Participants noted the importance of m... قراءة المزيدetrics for adaptation and resilience for land-based systems. Indeed, there are big gaps between concrete actions and what is being measured – this is for example the case when it comes to the volatility of soil carbon. There are also digital gaps in decision-support systems, agricultural advisories, and digital services (also showing the importance of dealing with data ownership). Participants also noted the need to continue developing basic / practical technologies such as water management technologies, solar water pumps, varieties suitable to different agroecological features (soil management), and practical steps to deal with Bio Circular Green Economy (BCG) and resilient food systems approaches (amidst a pandemic). Lastly related to the Koronivia process, participants highlighted the need to extract actions from this process and implement them. Solutions to these problems were also discussed. These included fostering public-private partnerships in innovation, reducing food loss and waste, as well as building the production capacity of smallholder farmers – not by introducing high technological advancement, but rather by catering technologies to specific site problems (for example, by packaging technologies for specific agroecological natural systems). Finally, participants agreed on the importance of deciding where to embed actions – whether it be in national processes or in multilateral agencies. They also discussed the use of metrics and how they can help in getting finance flowing. The group concluded that agriculture is the most promising poverty reduction method in the Global South, and that we should not forget the multiple positive outcomes agriculture can have on food security, nature, and poverty. قراءة القليل

Some of the biggest vulnerabilities within food systems include the lack of availability and access to information, making it difficult for farmers to understand which innovations are most suited to address food and agriculture challenges at their level. Participants all agreed that information and data should be better shared, and called for more accurate measurements overall – but there were varying views as to which area should be prioritized (e.g. policy-making, actions on the ground, etc.). The discussion also revolved around the need to rethink funding structures, with a focus on rewar... قراءة المزيدding innovation. Areas that need further exploration include trade-offs with other systems. Participants indeed questioned the extent to which innovations will be accepted in the market – as most of them will require trade-offs. Building on this, it will be crucial to create innovation ecosystems that can be easily deployed and scaled up – which will require overcoming existing barriers in the system. The debate then lies in identifying what the systemic barriers are, and agreeing on how to overcome them. Practices that are needed for food system sustainability may differ, as stakeholders agreed that there is no ‘one-size fits all’ approach. Innovations will thus need to be context-dependent and tailored to the needs of farmers. Although innovation management can become quite complex, customizing innovation is key. قراءة القليل

This Dialogue sought to lay the ground for contributions and pledges and to put agricultural innovation in the spotlight in the lead up to COP26 later this year. Additionally, questions were raised regarding how we can get there and the support and facilitation that stakeholders need. Breakout rooms produced fruitful discussions on the critical gaps and priorities, and paved the way for future contributions and pledges. The following points were recurring themes in multiple breakout rooms and send a clear message to stakeholders – including civil society organizations, policy makers, and far... قراءة المزيدmer organizations – regarding the opportunities, priorities, and areas to focus on: • Firstly, participants emphasized the need for farmer-driven and farmer-centric approaches. While recognizing the importance of top-down methods in policy-making, the different groups highlighted the key role of bottom-up approaches in ensuring research and innovation are tailored to the needs of farmers and offer practical and context-specific solutions. Participants agreed that farmers’ perspectives should serve as a foundation for innovation – particularly when it comes to financial assistance and access, as well as cross-government coordination. The dissemination of knowledge through simple processes and technologies is needed to place research directly into farmers’ hands. The focus must shift to creating action on the ground that adapts to every farmer, as well as to every consumer. Overall, participants agreed that it is key to address the concerns of all actors in the value-chain – including consumers, for whom accessibility and affordability are essential drivers of behavior change. • Secondly, in relation to the above point, there are challenges in the adoption of innovation among farmers. This is why providing farmers with clear information on risks and opportunities associated with innovation is important to allow farmers to make informed decisions. Beyond enabling greater access to information, it is also key to keep innovations within farmers’ reach and to ensure equal access to innovations, making them both physically and financially accessible. Focusing on local, context-specific innovation approaches tailored to the needs of farmers is indeed essential to achieving global goals, hence showing the need for more context-specific conversations. • Third, metrics were identified as a key success factor for innovation. Examples include soil sampling, adaptation measuring, as well as indicators for projects, programs and policies. Improving indicators allows for further clarity on the targets and what to achieve. In addition to clearly measuring outcomes, commitments themselves must also be clearly set out. Beyond identifying targets and improving indicators, successful innovation indeed requires engaging with a range of stakeholders to come up with a clear and tangible solution. However, for the market to move towards these targets, a strong enabling environment is needed. • Fourth, there is a strong call for new forms of finance, new partnerships, and new business models. Some of these have already been initiated: for example, new forms of finance have been developed to support food systems in rapidly emerging economies, and new partnerships are emerging between the public and private sectors. At the same time, the private sector is increasingly looking at how to best serve farmers. As a summary of this discussion, the closing speaker reminded the need to support civil society organizations and farmers – who are key stakeholders driving change – as well as the need to unlock capacity and finance to scale up new innovation business models. In conclusion, this Dialogue and the broader campaign on agricultural innovation provided further evidence of the need to scale up agricultural innovation to enable food system transformation, and helped build momentum around the innovation agenda in the lead up to the UN Food Systems Summit and COP26. قراءة القليل

Agroecological practices that deliver benefits for people, nature and climate are deployed at scale The participants in this breakout room pinpointed to several areas that need urgent action. First, there needs to be better engagement between farmers, research, and innovation development. In addition, demand-driven innovation, tailored to the needs of farmers and adapted to local challenges, must be supported. Second, we must steer public investment towards smallholder farmers and agriculture, and foster public-private partnerships to pull in private sector investment with a focus on evidence-... قراءة المزيدbased approaches. Third, there is a need for developing and harmonizing outcome indicators and metrics. Lastly, mechanisms must be provided to build bridges between knowledge and investment in adaptation and resilience. In order to facilitate action for the above areas, participants identified the following supporting/ enabling mechanisms: • A scientific toolbox that could help improve farmers’ choices by sharing evidence on what creates value for them – whether it is agroecology, climate-smart agriculture, or incorporating indigenous sources of knowledge into digital-based advisory services; • Farmers’ dialogues and a systematic inclusion of farmers in the development of research and innovation as important mechanisms; • Further investment in public goods relevant to agriculture and rural livelihoods, to create an enabling environment in which farmers are empowered to make the right choices. This includes improving infrastructure, sharing knowledge through climate advisory services or advice on markets, disease and pest threats, as well as building evidence on what works. This will also incentivize and pull in private sector investment. Closing the economic development gap through health, education and other infrastructure will position smallholder farmers on a level playing field and enable them to compete; • Tailored and locally-relevant impact assessments and cost-effectiveness analyses, involving farmers as economic actors and as co-designers. There is a need for more high-quality, long-term research at scale, which is demand-led, system-based and deepens the evidence-base on what works in different localities; • Improved and harmonized outcome indicators (climate, biodiversity, nutrition, livelihoods / social inclusion, etc.), to deliver on the multiple objectives demanded in agriculture. These can provide a common framework for assessing the value of different approaches in different contexts and for different ends, and can help overcome unhelpful dichotomies between different approaches. These outcome indicators can also help reduce investor uncertainty. Finally, as mitigation and nature objectives become increasingly important, we need to bring those outcomes together with the “human face” that comes through livelihoods / income and adaptation outcomes. We need to find mechanisms to bridge the divide between adaptation and mitigation for communities and investment streams. An adaptation and mitigation commission is one option to facilitate and coordinate this. قراءة القليل

Agricultural production has a positive impact on biodiversity under a changing climate The discussion focused on how to support a shift towards production systems that deliver more diversified diets (including through a change in consumer dietary habits / reduction in meat consumption) and on the adoption of organic / agroecological / environmental practices that support and protect biodiversity. Stakeholders noted the need for a shift in current dietary habits, together with the scaling up and sharing of knowledge and evidence on practices that support ecosystem services, as well as increased... قراءة المزيد diversification strategies (within fields and across fields and landscapes) that support ecosystem functions and resilience. Group members flagged contributions and pledges related to building and further developing the current knowledge base by sharing lessons and examples of current practices. They also noted the need to consider and take into account the work of the private sector, as well as to support research that is inclusive, that builds on local and indigenous knowledge, and that promotes local innovation. The need to focus on current livestock practices was noted as a critical area for future knowledge development, including building on lessons in the policy arena that support a shift from livestock production, looking at how to effectively support transitions (for example through improving fertilizer efficiency), and supporting both marginal / transitional and transformational improvements. Stakeholders noted the importance of the campaign in raising issues related to institutional development and support, a repurposing of policies to support farmer-focused R&D, increased investment in capacity building, as well as in practices that support biodiversity. To get the right support and facilitation, the campaign can assist by highlighting the need to invest in and focus on this area, showing the link with agroecology approaches, and making other links across the food system – for example through a focus on influencing and changing consumer preferences, and on food loss and waste. Stakeholders also noted that it would be useful to develop a set of objectives and outcomes for practices that protect agrobiodiversity. This set of objectives would take into account and build on experience and evidence gained from existing practice, and would help inform the development of a platform / toolbox assisting farmers in the design and implementation of future programs – giving them a clear view of associated costs, benefits and risks. This platform could be developed as a public good to be further refined by practitioners, and would include a set of indicators. It would also make sure to use a broad definition of innovation – not solely focusing on technology development, but also taking consideration of practice and social engagement. قراءة القليل

User driven innovation, underpinned by robust partnerships, delivers impacts for people, nature and climate This breakout group mainly focused on how to create a more integrated and responsive R&D system. This included a discussion on increasing public investment in R&D around proteins, as well as a reflection on the importance of farmer-focused, demand-driven innovation. First, to get the support and facilitation needed, there must be greater clarity on the cost of innovation to guide demand. Second, we must tackle subsidies and how they distort the market. Lastly, it is important to ... قراءة المزيدcreate stronger ties between local grassroots projects and national data collection, so that localized action is better informed by big data and scenario planning, taking advantage of ‘composite’ technology. Participants also emphasized the need to put data directly into the hands of those who create value. قراءة القليل

Innovation ecosystems unlock the power of new and emerging technologies – from social media to fintech to data and digital services – to accelerate food systems transformation The biggest issue participants reflected on as part of the broader topic of "Innovation ecosystems" is the need to ensure a balance of power, and to avoid excluding any stakeholder group. This means paying particular attention to vulnerable populations, and, going beyond, actively supporting those who suffer the most from systemic shocks such as the COVID-19 crisis. Moreover, it is important to question whom certain ... قراءة المزيدactions are successful for, and whose interests are being served, which aids in protecting vulnerable groups of stakeholders. Another area of interest explored by the group was the role of policy officials – including what they know, as well as what gaps need to be filled. For example, in the lead up to COP26, we must figure out which areas need to be ramped up and how academics can help in feeding into policy officials hands. The group asked for greater focus on the policy action side, with a view to foster dialogue and ensure academic information is widely shared with policy makers. Additionally, the use of concrete case studies could help identify risks and responsibilities (i.e. “who has done it, and how it worked out”). This would contribute to answering the question of whether all innovation is good, and would ensure better alignment with peoples’ needs and interests. Participants also talked about the role of the private sector , and emphasized the need for greater work on regulations (which requires overcoming a lot of external factors, but block chain mapping helps). Participants notably discussed the opposition between development NGOs / organizations who demand transparency, and the private sector, for whom the question of access to information and Intellectual Property is particularly important to navigate in a highly competitive landscape. Another really important issue the group highlighted is that indicators that define a development program can be constraining to innovation. Indeed, innovation by definition means ‘unexpected outcomes’, and traditional indicators built within a program usually don’t explore these unintended outcomes – which go unreported. As an example, one participant reflected on when they worked with Kofi Annan, who said how “lots of effective solutions don’t make it off the shelf”, specifically at a policy level. قراءة القليل

The investment gap in agricultural innovation is bridged, ushering in a new era of innovation and sustainability, delivering benefits for people, nature and climate Moving towards more integrated approaches for smallholder farmers, a partner identified the need to set a climate change adaptation target within its organization (i.e. 75% of approved projects focusing on sustainability) as a way of pledging support to the campaign, along with a commitment to evidence building (from proof of concept to scale). Throughout the discussion, participants agreed that public investment remains essential ... قراءة المزيدto support research and transition for farmers. In particular, identifying ways to repurpose and realign agricultural subsidies would provide the right incentives to engage investors and ensure investments align with the SDGs and climate change targets. For example, innovation in sustainable protein sources is particularly appealing for investors, as food systems transformation and ESG criteria have risen to the top of the agenda. Yet, private investment business cases are needed to move beyond public subsidies for food systems. On this matter, working with social entrepreneurs is key. This means expanding the pool of entrepreneurs interested in social returns, but also better connecting them with one another. A variety of partners can offer capacity building to social entrepreneurs. In addition to this, participants agreed that doing more co-investment and working with the private sector towards joint sustainability goals can be transformative whilst leveraging multilaterals as mediators. Collaborative engagements could include PPPs and blended finance mechanisms. Participants also asked for increasing investment in proof of concepts, as successful proof of concepts can then be taken to scale. Overall, more funding is needed, but also better funding. To ensure no geography is left out, there must be a combination of national and international investments. In relation to ensuring no one is left out, taking into account social equity and fostering a just rural transition are also key, as there is no one-size-fits-all solution given the diversity of contexts and needs at farmer level. Moreover, better identifying research gaps and ensuring easy access to the right data would benefit both the public and private sectors. Participants emphasized the need to bridge evidence gaps by testing hypotheses, pulling together evidence of what works, and developing metrics to measure the level of transformation in agricultural innovation systems. We should recognize that agricultural innovation is not only about ODA (Official Development Assistance) – and that it is part of a broader story around food transformation. To do this, metrics are essential: we need to be better at understanding what counts as innovation for agriculture and have the right metrics to ensure we are on track. There is a need to develop models for sustainability and to test hypotheses on recommendations that have been made elsewhere (especially on end-to-end innovations and payment-by-results), thus pulling together evidence of what works for investors in agricultural innovation. Continuing to ensure information-sharing and connecting stakeholders across the board is important. Lastly, and coming back to the core of the issue, participants noted that building a stronger understanding of market barriers and innovation needs – especially around what works for farmers – is essential to catalyzing change. قراءة القليل

This Independent Food Systems Summit Dialogue (FSSD) aimed to enrich the canvas of perspectives on how food systems can be transformed for a climate-smart future. It opened up space for dialogue on a new Action Agenda for Change developed by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), and gave stakeholders the opportunity to pledge their support to a global campaign on agricultural innovation, co-chaired by CCAFS and the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO). The dialogue explored opportunities for stakeholders to become an integral par... قراءة المزيدt of this campaign, which will see significant announcements and initiatives at both the UN Food Systems Summit and COP26. In addition, the dialogue pinpointed ways in which both summits can align in their objectives to support the kind of transformation we seek, and how we — as a global community — can act to support this alignment. قراءة القليل

Theme-2: Markets, equitable livelihood opportunity, scale-up farming/entrepreneurship: • The public institution Local Supply depot (LSD) under Ministry of Food offer the rice price for farmers is less than open market in country so farmers are less interested to sell their rice to LSD. Government need to rethink for the rice price review. • Weak road communication in southern part in Bangladesh and lack of available transport so that farmers face the commodities transporting in distance market. The parliamentary member under government can improve the situation. • Farmers cannot access d... قراءة المزيدirect to big districts markets like Dhaka, Sylhet, Chattagram markets, so they sell their product in local intermediaries and get low price • Most of the areas in Bangladesh, market intermediaries take 45-50kg weight per mond (1 mond=40Kg) for different commodities instead of standard 40 Kg for selling their products so that farmers loss 5-10Kg product in the market. The government market monitor can stickle monitor to address the issue. • In Bangladesh, there is not cold storage except potato so that different perishable commodes like tomato, carrot and green chili sell very minimum price in peak harvesting time. In this case, government can arrange the cold storage in bigger district level so that farmers will get benefit. • Farmers cannot access to low interested loan (2-6% interest, special loan) which are offered by the different Bank due to Bank needs different mortgage if any farmer want to take loan. Farmers cannot manage the mortgage so that they cannot get the loan for quality produce production for marketing. The government can advise to Bank to flexible the issue. • Lack of training for quality produce for marketing and marketing knowledge in farmers level. • Farmers sometime cannot access to private processing or exporting company due to farmers have lack of knowledge so that they do not meet the buyer demand. Farmers shared the Mung bean as an example. DAM, DAE or any NGO can facilitate the issue shared in group recommendation through forming Farmers field School (FFS) or promote any other initiative. • Commodities drying is an issue specially for rainy season, farmers cannot arrange drying facility so that farmers sell their produce in low price with high moisture content. Rice, maize, mung bean, sunflower seed are an example. • Farmers face the postharvest loss issue, establish cold storage in local level, demand based production and training on postharvest loss can reduce the loss • Farmers especially women farmers engage food processing for tomato, green mango, olive, chalta (elephant apple), Ambra etc. but they cannot get market and cannot continue their business. Different company produce the similar type of food processing so that farmers cannot compete with of those companies due they have different promotional activities in the market. Farmers said, government or any other organization could provide the training on food processing, packaging, levelling and give them some equipment for quality food processing and marketing and ensure low interest loan. • One-market personnel can hire under the Upazila Agriculture Office for providing the marketing supporting for the farmers. In current, stuffing structure under Upazila Agriculture Office, they work mostly on production side. • Farmers do not get market information from big market like Dhaka, Sylhet, Chittagong, Barisal, Khulna so they cannot bargain with traders to set their product price consequently they do not get good price. • Price volatility high in the market and if supply is more in the market then quickly go down the market price. Storage system in market can reduce the problem. قراءة القليل

Theme-3: Environment, disasters, climate change, shocks, compensation mechanism: • Raise embankment level and construction planned-wise • Permanent embankment • Proper maintenance of sluice gates, inlet and outlet structures to keep those functional • Community participation for proper O&M • Close coordination of different govt. agencies at Upazila level like central or district level • River de-siltation • Excavation or Re-excavation of silted up canal, pond and other water bodies • Rain water harvesting • Dug well • Increasing facility of early warning system regardin... قراءة المزيدg cyclone storm and tidal bore • Watch tower in haor • Thundering tower • Cyclone shelter • Crop diversification • Short duration, draught tolerant and saline tolerant crop cultivation (Tree plantation (plum, Hijol) • Subsidy to agri. machinery (irrigation, ploughing, harvesting etc.) • Liming to reclaim soil acidity (Northern areas) • Community awareness build up and capacity strengthening to cope with disasters • Sorjon system cultivation • Increase organic fertilizer use • Need assistance in vermi-compost use • Increasing seed storage facility • Market management development • Control in fishing, awareness • Increase awareness to cultivate rabi vegetables • Scope for duckling • Increasing of mechanization/harvesting tools • Sustainable crop management • Gher-based crop cultivation promote (Southern belt) • Wide pond banked crop cultivation practice (Southern belt) • Infrastructure & transportation support (horse card, cow card in northern belt) • Introducing cold storage facility قراءة القليل

Theme-1: Food safety, food security, nutrition-sensitive and nature-positive production: The group identified agriculture as the single largest sector of the economy in Bangladesh, and associated it to the employment generation, poverty alleviation, human resources development, and food security. It was discussed that in Bangladesh, high rates of population growth place increasingly more pressure on scarce land resources for food production. Cultivable land is declining due to urbanization and water erosion, but the total cropped area is increasing as a result of changing land utilization patt... قراءة المزيدerns (i.e., double and triple cropping). Despite many positive policy initiatives, Bangladesh’s agriculture sector still faces challenges, such as rapid shrinkage of agricultural land, inadequate supply of agricultural inputs like fertilizers and seeds, climate change and variations, inadequate value addition, and lagging technology adoption. To maintain food self-sufficiency and food security, the government of Bangladesh has employed strategies to increases productivity and reduce yield gaps, foster access to inputs and technological improvement. Theme-2: Markets, equitable livelihood opportunity, scale-up farming/entrepreneurship Market challenges, opportunity and way forward against the challenges, food processing for building entrepreneurship and problems for market access to public institution and private sector company for getting affordable price. Theme-3: Environment, disasters, climate change, shocks, compensation mechanism The group identified major types of natural disasters faced by farmers, its impacts and means to manage the disasters. Types of climate changes related natural disasters: • Dry wind • Flood (all over Bangladesh) • Early Flood/Flash flood (Haor belt) • Salinity intrusion (both soil and water in coastal areas) • Lack of safe drinking water (most south and southern part) • River Erosion (all over the country) • Land inundation due to sea level rise • Soil degradation (due to top soil selling to brick field) • Raising temperature • Over or no rainfall • Long time draught • Water logging (temporary and permanent in southern part) • Cyclone • High quantity of river siltation (Northern part and south western part most, overall whole country river system) • Storm • Thundering (more in Haor belt) • Ground water level depletion (all over the country, Northern part most) Human induced disaster: • Excessive use of herbicide • Excess pesticide use • Excess chemical fertilizer use • Poisoning in open water bodies • Catching fingerling and Dimowala fish • Selling top soil to brick field • Excess maize cultivation (Northern part) • Unplanned dam construction • Unplanned shrimp and white fish cultivation (southern part) قراءة القليل

Theme-1: Food safety, food security, nutrition-sensitive and nature-positive production: Labour shortage, High rate of wages, Over use of pesticides , lack of awareness on healthy food among farmers and consumer level, Not available bio safety technology in remote area (Cox’s Bazar). Bio safety technology is business viable as cost is high, Due to the small size of the land, smallholders don’t get benefit from agricultural machinery. Safe and nutritious food for all is a challenge in Bangladesh considering context, production system, awareness, poverty and financial capability, Farmers’ ... قراءة المزيدrepresentatives opined that they managed daily full 03 meals for their household members, but they have not enough aware about safe and nutritious food, a significant smallholder struggle to manage daily full 03 meals in between two harvest. Theme-2: Markets, equitable livelihood opportunity, scale-up farming/entrepreneurship • The price offered by the Local Supply Depot (LSD) of the Ministry of Food is less than open market which discourages farmers to sell to LSD. • Poor communication (road) network in southern part in Bangladesh impose difficulties in transporting agriculture produce for marketing. • Challenges in accessing large markets (Dhaka, Sylhet, Chattagram) by farmers. • Absence of monitoring agricultural prices results in exploitation of farmers by market intermediaries (charge 45-50kg weight per mond for different commodities) • Lack of cold storage facilities for different crops pose challenges to handle vegetable for marketing. • Difficult in accessing agriculture credit due to collaterals need. • Lack of training for quality produce for marketing and marketing knowledge in farmers level. • Absence or limited access to processing, packaging and labelling facilities for different commodities to extend their shelf life and access export market. • Need for marketing facilitation at Upazilla level was highly recommended • High price volatility Theme-3: Environment, disasters, climate change, shocks, compensation mechanism • Loss in production, • Soil fertility reducing due to soil degradation • Reducing crop land • Flood due to overflow of river for rapid siltation • Transportation problem due to damage of road during flood • Infrastructure damage due to flood • Soil acidity increasing (Northern part) • Canal and other water bodies silted up • Death increasing due thundering especially haor belt • Damage of crop due to early or flash food in haor belt • Lack of irrigation water • Increasing irrigation cost • Arsenic contamination increasing • Sanitation problem (Char areas) • Increasing fallow land during rabi season due salinity and lack of fresh water (Coastal belt specially) • Damage of infrastructures, crop field, houses and lives (human. Livestock) due to Cyclone, storm and high tidal bore • Water pollution • Soil degradation • Open water fish production decreasing • Decreasing soil fertility due maize cultivation قراءة القليل

Theme-1: Food safety, food security, nutrition-sensitive and nature-positive production: Increasing farm mechanization and engage youth, Engaging women labour especially in harvesting and vegetable production, Adapting bio technology, Increasing awareness on safe, nourished and healthy food, Promoting bio safety technology with government subsidy, Expansion of appropriate agricultural mechanization for small and marginal farmers , Introduce collective farming , Social safety net program of the government, Investment in agriculture through distributing seeds and fertilizers among smallholders, ... قراءة المزيدFinancial support to farmers from Upazila Parishad and different NGOs, Distribution of vegetable seeds with appropriate technology at farmer level, Ensuring marketing the extra produce at reasonable price, Initiating maximum utilization of land for farming following the directives of Hon'ble Prime Minister. قراءة القليل