Independiente Diálogo Strengthening Food Systems transformation for increased productivity, inclusivity and resilience Enfoque geográfico: Sin fronteras Discussion topic outcome a) Research and Innovation i. African agricultural systems need to adopt to the tripartite arrangement (Famers-universities-Private sector) which is has been seen to be effective in Burkina Faso being championed by the Global Forum on Agricultural Research and Innovation-GFAR (https://www.gfar.net); ii. Gene editing is very important to Africa, as it will help in alleviating many challenges the continent faces. However, there are key issues to take into consideration: • Gene editing has to be discussed and debated before the UNFSS in October 2021, because of possible tension which may arise ... Leer másduring the summit between the pro and those against; • Gene editing is not well understood, many are confusing it with GMO technology. Africa in general lacks sensitization of this technology (the Africans are caught in between the fight of USA and Europe who are advocating for biotechnology and agro-ecology respectively); and, • Africa maybe not well equipped for this because of insufficient funding. iii. Participatory approach is a possible intervention where farmer organisations are encouraged to team up with scientists and submit competitive proposals for funding. iv. Increase in public investment is required for research if significant progress is to be made; v. Political economy is very controversial, but there is need to understand why funding is not available in Africa in particular: • The Ministries of Finance in most African countries have indicated that food security is not a priority as captured in most their national development plans. A mind set change is needed in general; and, • There is limited government investment in agricultural transformation in many African countries and this has to change. • There are so many bottlenecks in Africa, which need to be addressed. vi. Universities need to mobilize themselves to bring practical approaches to food security. b) Re-Imaging Agricultural Rural Advisory Services in a dynamic global food system • There is a need to recognize that agricultural extension, although important, is the weakest part of our agricultural systems. Currently, there is very low investment in rural advisory services. Government support is needed to facilitate access to agricultural services in remote areas. This will require institutional capacity building to empower farmers to take the lead and learn better from each other for example through farmer field schools; • There is a need for a change in the mindset and to develop and adopt digital advisory services. • For efficient advisory services, the different categories of farmers need to be considered and engage private sector. For the private sector, there is a need to; (a) develop commercially viable models; (b) foster development of digital services; and, (c) facilitate access to venture capital; • The approach to Rural Advisory Services should integrate pluralistic, private, digital, demand driven and accountability aspects; • To address non-technical aspects of agricultural research such as access to relevant knowledge, access to capital, secured land rights, infrastructure, and lack of appropriate policies or enforcement structural, financial and political factors, Governments must invest more in these structural, financial and political aspects. c) Fostering global partnerships for collective response • Capitalise on the large number of scientists over 2000 in the AGRINATURA Network to form partnerships for research in food systems and exploit the best ways to change food systems by deploying specific skills sets; • Harnessing information from studies undertaken by AGRINATURA on trends technologies, conflicts and globalisations to strengthen food systems; • Need for intensified collaboration for knowledge creation; • Breakdown the complexity of food systems and make them understandable to common people. Higher education should focus on acquiring complementary skills and constantly innovate how we learn; • Emphasise International cooperation, translational approaches and multi-stakeholder platforms in research for development Leer menos Línea(s) de Acción: 1, 4, 5 Palabras clave: Data & Evidence, Environment and Climate, Finance, Governance, Innovation, Policy, Women & Youth Empowerment
Independiente Diálogo Strengthening Food Systems transformation for increased productivity, inclusivity and resilience Enfoque geográfico: Sin fronteras Major focus The focus of the event was to review existing food systems, emerging and future trends and to identify key actions and policies needed to strengthen the African higher education system, agricultural research and development towards an improved global food system that is inclusive and sustainable. During the discussion, there was a detailed exploration of: 1. Current and emerging food systems trends from the different regions of the world including perspectives from Africa, North America, Europe, Latin America, Asia and China; and, 2. Key actions for strengthening food systems transformation fo... Leer másr increased productivity, inclusivity and resilience in line with UN Food Systems Action tracks 1, 3, 4 and 5. Leer menos Línea(s) de Acción: 1, 3, 4, 5
Independiente Diálogo DEALING WITH INEQUALITIES IN FOOD SYSTEMS: Conceptualizing A Right-based Approach to Food Systems Transformation. Enfoque geográfico: Sin fronteras Major focus The dialogue focused on conceptualizing a rights-based approach through the identification of priorities for action that could strengthen the most vulnerable, safeguard the environment and ensure equitable Food Systems for the future. Línea(s) de Acción: 1, 3, 4, 5 Palabras clave: Environment and Climate, Finance, Governance, Human rights, Policy, Women & Youth Empowerment
Independiente Diálogo DEALING WITH INEQUALITIES IN FOOD SYSTEMS: Conceptualizing A Right-based Approach to Food Systems Transformation. Enfoque geográfico: Sin fronteras Main findings • Acknowledged the fact that Inequalities in food systems are complex issues underpins by poverty, beliefs, and climate change. It must be tackled by addresses the root causes which are more or less country-specific. • All rights are interconnected (human rights, natural rights, rights to a healthy and sustainable environment, etc) except for corporate rights which are frequently prioritized over the rights of people. We must move from theory to action by initiating practical pilot projects within our respective communities. • To further research, take concrete actions, and deepen our kn... Leer másowledge on how the rights of nature can be applied to promote sustainable agro-food systems. • A general call for the recognition and full implementation of the rights to food and the right to a healthy and sustainable environment as a catalyst to the transformation of food systems. • The need to view nature as a legal entity or person with inherent rights to exist, evolve, flourish and regenerate as well as the rights to restoration, recovery, and preservation. Leer menos Línea(s) de Acción: 4 Palabras clave: Human rights, Policy
Independiente Diálogo DEALING WITH INEQUALITIES IN FOOD SYSTEMS: Conceptualizing A Right-based Approach to Food Systems Transformation. Enfoque geográfico: Sin fronteras Discussion topic outcome Human rights advocacy: Recognition and full implementation of the right to food and right to a healthy and sustainable environment. Most participants acknowledged the fact that our current food system isn’t delivering on the human rights obligations to fulfill the right to adequate and nutritious food given the present millions of people still suffer from malnutrition and obesity globally. Our present food systems are causing incredible damage to the environment (increase GHG emissions, deforestation, water pollution, and the increased spread of infectious diseases). One of the powerful ways... Leer más to achieving a just and equitable food systems transformation is through the implementation of the rights to adequate food. Earth-centered Law: Promote Ecocentric laws through influencing legislation on: • nature’s protection by giving legal status to particular plant species for the example The White Earth Band of Ojibwe -Wild Rice • as a tool to oppose the most destructive agricultural practices for example ecocides. Education, empowerment, capacity building, and training: Education was identified as a key component in achieving mindset transformation. • Align academic programs with SDGs and toward the country’s specific vision e.g flagship program on dryland agriculture offered by Lukenya University in Kenya. • Empower and build the capacity of small-scale farmers in agriculture ecosystem management, fortified youth into agribusiness, and climate-smart agriculture technologies. Policy advocacy: Guarantee and support the adoption of ambitious and stringent national policies that ensure inputs, finance, access to markets, and fair trade to reach the most vulnerable producers and consumers (women, indigenous people, persons living with disabilities, and young people). Agricultural Development: Food systems improvement pathways should be built on the basis that agriculture is a key component of global food and environmental sustainability as well as an essential part of the solution. Without agriculture, there is no food, so the assurance that all people have access to enough food starts with healthy and productive agriculture which is able to provide for both the well-being of producers and rural communities, as well as enough surplus for feeding the rest of society. Strategic Partnerships: Learn and collaborate with existing right-based across the globe. Fostering north-south and south-south cooperation that enables free technology transfer for agro-food development. Investment: Investing in the use of innovative technology that addresses cross-sectoral environmental challenges such as water scarcity, pollution, and droughts e.g RussKap’s Atmosphere Water Generators for drip irrigation and Insitu potable drinking water supply. Raise awareness: Carry out awareness campaigns on the potentiality of right-based approaches as a solution to the world’s greatest challenges. Leer menos Línea(s) de Acción: 1, 3, 4, 5 Palabras clave: Environment and Climate, Finance, Governance, Human rights, Policy, Women & Youth Empowerment
Independiente Diálogo DEALING WITH INEQUALITIES IN FOOD SYSTEMS: Conceptualizing A Right-based Approach to Food Systems Transformation. Enfoque geográfico: Sin fronteras Area of divergence Participants had diverged views on the kind of intervention that would best address inequalities in food systems. These views resonated around earth-centered legislations, policy, and rights advocacy, providing incentives, redefining academic curriculum, and empowering the most vulnerable. Línea(s) de Acción: 1, 3, 4, 5 Palabras clave: Environment and Climate, Finance, Governance, Human rights, Policy, Women & Youth Empowerment
Independiente Diálogo Multi-Stakeholder Dialogue on Innovation and Technology (Precision Agriculture and Precision Breeding) Enfoque geográfico: Sin fronteras, Filipinas Discussion topic outcome II. Precision Breeding Precision breeding and genome editing are increasingly becoming a practice in the Philippines, where there is an expressed need to repurpose the crops to adapt to the effects of climate change or to tropicalize livestock animals being imported from temperate countries. The multi-stakeholder dialogue obtained the following recommendations and suggested action points: 1. Public-private partnerships to be strengthened, which can commence through the establishment of a national consortia that could identify specific target areas and funding opportunities in support of mainst... Leer másreaming precision breeding. The discussions enumerated the value of doing this around the following areas: - Investments on laboratories and genome editing tools which are currently very costly in the market - Identification of researchable areas - Harmonization of the efforts of various government agencies such as the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Science and Technology to complement existing efforts and allocated government funds - Exploration of PPP models to determine what worked or that need to be customized according to the target areas and strategies 2. Enabling policies and mechanisms should be in place. The government is currently working on the implementing rules and regulations (IRR) on genome editing that will be subjected to public consultations. This can kick start the process on creating an enabling environment for precision breeding. Further inputs include the following: - Creation of responsive regulatory policies on licensing. Currently, licensing is expensive especially for commercial purposes, while it is free for research. - Adopting the guidelines set by the National Committee Biosafety of the Philippines on genome editing. The members of NCBP are currently advising the Department of Agriculture on crafting the IRR related to genome editing. 3. Science communication on biotechnology should be mainstreamed. There are negative perceptions of the public on this area, especially on the genetically-modified crops or animals. Some recommendations under this item are the following: - Strengthen social media use among the scientific and research community - Simplification or translation (laymanize) of technical research or reports of scientists and experts Leer menos Línea(s) de Acción: 1, 3, 5 Palabras clave: Data & Evidence, Governance, Innovation, Policy
Independiente Diálogo Multi-Stakeholder Dialogue on Innovation and Technology (Precision Agriculture and Precision Breeding) Enfoque geográfico: Sin fronteras, Filipinas Area of divergence I. Precision Agriculture The issue of the young generations and aging farmers surfaced during the workshop. Others are of the view that precision farming will entice the young generations to go into farming. Others reacted that precision agriculture must also provide opportunities for aging farmers. The latter contend that technology is not only for the young. Older generations have experience and can contribute. There must be no age divide or differential insofar as precision agriculture is concerned. II. Precision Breeding Precision livestock breeding should also be included in the discussio... Leer másn, not just crops. This is to recognize the challenge that the Philippines continues to import livestock animals for 25 years now from temperate countries that are not suitable for the tropical environment of the country. The government should also invest its funds towards establishing an infrastructure for tropical dairy breeding, especially for water buffalos, cattle, and other livestock animals. There are local researchers and experts in the Philippine Carabao Center who are currently tropicalizing the imported animals whose expertise should be maximized. The purported cheaper genome editing tools may not be true after all. The accessibility of genome editing tools especially CRISPR/Cas system may be easy for research purposes but commercialization of products developed may be restricted and entail exorbitant licensing fees. It was therefore recommended to explore other tools such as TALENS that require simple and affordable licensing terms if any. The regulation of genome edited crops remains unclear with the government considering some form of assessment (e.g. testing presence of transgenes) while the industry prefers no pre-market evaluation much like what is done with conventional crops. An advisory team has been tasked by the Department of Agriculture to work out a suitable guideline for genome editing. Leer menos Línea(s) de Acción: 1, 5 Palabras clave: Finance, Governance, Innovation, Policy
Independiente Diálogo Multi-Stakeholder Dialogue on Innovation and Technology (Precision Agriculture and Precision Breeding) Enfoque geográfico: Sin fronteras, Filipinas Major focus The multi-stakeholder dialogue focused on sharing some innovations such as drones, biotechnology, and genome editing, and their potential positive impact in helping manage food production systems, a solution area under Action Track 3. The Philippines UNFSS Core Group, through the leadership of the National Convenor, also identified thematic areas that the country will focus on in relation to the conduct of sub-national dialogues in the Philippines. One of these thematic areas is the advancement of innovations and science-based farm production systems. This dialogue aimed to contribute to this.... Leer más Specifically, it identified key challenges faced by the Philippine agriculture industry in mainstreaming precision agriculture and precision breeding. The session was targeted to gather insights and recommendations on how to scale up the promotion and adoption of innovations around precision agriculture and precision breeding, which can eventually support efforts on achieving food security. Leer menos Línea(s) de Acción: 1, 3 Palabras clave: Data & Evidence, Governance, Innovation, Policy, Women & Youth Empowerment
Independiente Diálogo Multi-Stakeholder Dialogue on Innovation and Technology (Precision Agriculture and Precision Breeding) Enfoque geográfico: Sin fronteras, Filipinas Main findings I. Precision Agriculture The breakout session on Precision Agriculture was able to impress its importance in the whole gamut of the food systems, yet there are important points raised that need to be addressed. Precision agriculture needs an active public-private partnership. The workshop clearly showed that there has to be an enabling policy, which may partake of a legal framework and/or mainstreaming precision agriculture in the commodity programs of the Department of Agriculture and the crafting of a roadmap. As digital agriculture is largely influenced by information technology, the worksh... Leer másop agreed to decentralize technology and infrastructure development. As to the matter of upscaling digital agriculture, the issue of small landholding is a concern. The emerging consensus along this end is to pursue and support the government’s farm clustering and consolidation approach. The private sector and companies may take the lead in this initiative. Other challenges mentioned during the roundtable discussion included the lack of intensive research and development for all crops, lack of accredited facilities to implement technologies specifically in monitoring residue levels, and poor internet connectivity especially in the rural areas. Moreover, the role of the youth in further promoting precision agriculture was also heavily mentioned during the event but there were recommendations on marrying the skills of the young ones and the expertise and knowledge of the more matured farmers. The role of educational institutions was also emphasized. The workshop agreed that precision agriculture must be included in the curriculum. Ii. Precision Breeding The other breakout session was on precision breeding. The discussions from that group reported the need to scale up the support and promotion of precision breeding in the Philippines, given that the country has been dependent on imported livestock breeders from temperate regions. It also reported the need to modify crops and animals to adapt to the changes happening in the environment, especially given the impacts of climate change and biosecurity threats. Some of the recommendations during the session included the 1) increase in funding and investment opportunities to support the uptake of precision agriculture; and 2) maximization of available resources, systems, and partnerships including the existing breeding institutions, the functional biotechnology regulatory system for genome editing and precision agriculture, and the inter-regional collaborations that respond to the high cost of laboratories, genome editing tools, and licensing. In terms of funding, some shared that the Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Agricultural Research could allocate funds to the National Livestock Program to support the establishment of tropical dairy breeding in the country for water buffalos, cattle, and other livestock animals. Also, to respond to the challenge of the weak private-public partnership on precision breeding, PPP should be scaled up and the successful or working models highlighting private sector engagements should be explored. Furthermore, the convergence and harmonization of government institutions was recommended to be done to create an impactful response and establish a pool of funds. These can be pursued through the creation of a consortia, which will lead to the identification of milestone targets and strategies. The Philippine Seed Industry Association (PSIA), citing its membership, network and expertise, volunteered to initiate the establishment of the consortium. Leer menos Línea(s) de Acción: 1, 5 Palabras clave: Data & Evidence, Environment and Climate, Governance, Innovation, Policy, Women & Youth Empowerment
Independiente Diálogo Multi-Stakeholder Dialogue on Innovation and Technology (Precision Agriculture and Precision Breeding) Enfoque geográfico: Sin fronteras, Filipinas Discussion topic outcome I. Precision Agriculture As can be deduced, the following outcomes are to be worked out: 1. Enabling policies on precision agriculture should be put in place. This will involve: a) a policy framework or a program (precision agriculture program, as the way of organic agriculture program; b) mainstreaming of precision agriculture as a strategy of the commodity programs of the DA; c) crafting of a road map. 2. Private sector and government to lead in upscaling precision agriculture. It may involve demonstration areas, most preferably following the farm clustering and consolidation schemes to prom... Leer másote efficiency. In the process, will involve the organization of smallholder farmers. 3. Basic infrastructure needs to be addressed. Water and IT infrastructure requirements. It will require convergence initiatives with other agencies of the government. 4. Regulations decentralized to the regions. In the case of drones, permitting and licensing are done at the National Capital Region. 5. Inventory of firms, entities, and expert groups engaged in precision agriculture. This is needed to determine the current breadth and reach of precision agriculture adoption in the Philippines. This is an important component in road map preparation. Leer menos Línea(s) de Acción: 1, 3, 5 Palabras clave: Data & Evidence, Governance, Innovation, Policy
Independiente Diálogo Resiliencia de La Industria Alimentaria ante la Pandemia para Garantizar la Sostenibilidad de los Sistemas Alimentarios Enfoque geográfico: Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, República Dominicana, Ecuador, Guatemala, Italia, México, Paraguay, Perú, Estados Unidos de América, Uruguay, Venezuela (República Bolivariana de) Major focus El Diálogo se basó en la Vía de Acción N°5, ”Crear resiliencia ante las vulnerabilidades, las conmociones y las tensiones” El tema central fue • Mostrar experiencias de resiliencia e innovación en la producción y distribución de alimentos para garantizar los Sistemas Alimentarios en Chile, generando un bienestar para la sociedad en tiempo de Pandemia. Línea(s) de Acción: 5 Palabras clave: Innovation
Independiente Diálogo Resiliencia de La Industria Alimentaria ante la Pandemia para Garantizar la Sostenibilidad de los Sistemas Alimentarios Enfoque geográfico: Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, República Dominicana, Ecuador, Guatemala, Italia, México, Paraguay, Perú, Estados Unidos de América, Uruguay, Venezuela (República Bolivariana de) Main findings Como se pudo apreciar La Industria de los Alimentos ha sido Resiliente para mantener Los Sistemas Alimentarios y lograr seguir produciendo alimentos para todos durante esta Pandemia. Se han generado Innovaciones, se ha impulsado el cuidado de los colaboradores junto con lograr una mayor conexión con las Comunidades para entregar un bienestar más integral a la sociedad. Sin embargo La Industria de Los Alimentos tiene grandes desafíos por delante como resultado de los estragos económicos y sociales que ha dejado la Pandemia, -Tenemos que afrontar una mayor Inseguridad Alimentaria -Tenemos qu... Leer máse seguir Innovando para disminuir la Pérdida de Alimentos en los campos, los procesos de fabricación y disminuir El Desperdicio de Alimentos en las cadenas de comercialización, -Tenemos que enfrenta un Cambio Climático que no da tregua y sigue perturbando el medio ambiente dañando el Suelo, el Aire, el Agua, las Siembras y las cosechas. Para superar todos estos desafíos necesitamos trabajar en equipo con otros actores como el sector público, los consumidores, la academia y la sociedad civil en su conjunto. Leer menos Línea(s) de Acción: 5 Palabras clave: Innovation
Independiente Diálogo Resiliencia de La Industria Alimentaria ante la Pandemia para Garantizar la Sostenibilidad de los Sistemas Alimentarios Enfoque geográfico: Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, República Dominicana, Ecuador, Guatemala, Italia, México, Paraguay, Perú, Estados Unidos de América, Uruguay, Venezuela (República Bolivariana de) Discussion topic outcome 1. La Industria de los Alimentos seguirá disponible para trabajar con todos los sectores que aporten a mantener los sistemas alimentarios y pero es necesario dejar de lado los preconceptos para recuperar la confianza. 2.Es necesario que todos los sectores involucrados en fortalecer los sistemas alimentarios frágiles y los sistemas más fuertes disminuyan los egos para estar a la altura para enfrentar una nueva forma de trabajar impuesta por la Pandemia que siguiere que la humanidad es un equipo y como tal se debe comportar. 3. Se necesita tener mayor humildad para adaptarnos a la realidad de... Leer más los nuevos tiempos para generar Sistemas Alimentarios inclusivos y sostenibles. Leer menos Línea(s) de Acción: 5 Palabras clave: Innovation
Independiente Diálogo Resiliencia de La Industria Alimentaria ante la Pandemia para Garantizar la Sostenibilidad de los Sistemas Alimentarios Enfoque geográfico: Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, República Dominicana, Ecuador, Guatemala, Italia, México, Paraguay, Perú, Estados Unidos de América, Uruguay, Venezuela (República Bolivariana de) Area of divergence Frente a una pregunta dirigida a FAO sobre el consumo de dietas basadas en plantas . Se dejo claro que existen protocolos de seguridad e inocuidad alimentaria de FAO/OMS que son sugeridos a los países para que las empresas pequeñas, grandes, de agricultura familiar campesina o cualquier otra empresa de alimentos debieran seguir para poder comercializar en forma segura todos los alimentos. La FAO además subrayó que promueven el consumo de dietas equilibradas y variables y no un tipo de dieta como el mencionado, no hay ninguna publicación de FAO que estimule una dieta basada en vegetales. Línea(s) de Acción: 5 Palabras clave: Innovation
Independiente Diálogo Canadian Livestock: Confidence and Security through Sustainable Production Enfoque geográfico: Canadá Discussion topic outcome Please see publication documents. Línea(s) de Acción: 2 Palabras clave: Data & Evidence, Environment and Climate, Governance, Innovation, Policy, Trade-offs
Independiente Diálogo Canadian Livestock: Confidence and Security through Sustainable Production Enfoque geográfico: Canadá Area of divergence Please see publication documents. Línea(s) de Acción: 2 Palabras clave: Data & Evidence, Environment and Climate, Governance, Innovation, Policy, Trade-offs
Independiente Diálogo Canadian Livestock: Confidence and Security through Sustainable Production Enfoque geográfico: Canadá Major focus The focus of our dialogue was to examine how the sustainability efforts of farmers could be used to communicate how Canada is meeting its commitments under the sustainable development goals. We began with a presentation from a Canadian Livestock Sustainability Program, the Sustainable Beef Framework, who addressed best management practices in sustainable beef production. From there, we examined how this program and others like it could be aligned with international standards through the process of bechmarking. This involved a presentation from the Canadian Agri-food Sustainability Initiative a... Leer másbout the benchmarking services that will be a key feature of their in-development online platform. We closed with a presentation on how high-level sustainability data produced by the benchmarking process could be used to develop metrics. This engagement was delivered by Canada's Agri-food Sustainability Index, who discussed how their in-development agri-food metrics could be used to help track Canada's progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Leer menos Línea(s) de Acción: 2 Palabras clave: Data & Evidence, Environment and Climate, Governance, Innovation, Policy, Trade-offs
Independiente Diálogo Canadian Livestock: Confidence and Security through Sustainable Production Enfoque geográfico: Canadá Main findings Please publication documents. Línea(s) de Acción: 2
Independiente Diálogo ENHANCING AGRO-METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES DELIVERY FOR A RESILIENT FOOD SYSTEM IN NIGERIA: Challenges, Prospects and Partnerships Enfoque geográfico: Nigeria Main findings Participants at the conference observed the following: 1. Conflict and climate change has been hampering the efforts to ensure food security in Nigeria. Access to climate information is important for farmers in rural communities as timely access to weather information from experts helps farmers to make adaptive decision. The small-scale farmers are not aware of information centres that provide relevant information. 2. NiMet has been at the forefront of providing early warning information/system for all relevant organisations. They produce general information and step-down this into agrometeoro... Leer máslogical information and its meaning for farmers. Therefore, the climate information needed by farmers is available. 3. However, there is a need for NiMet to increase its in-house capacity in terms of technology and personnel. They do not have access to specific varieties grown in each state, reducing their prediction efficiency. Furthermore, the NiMet model is not yet attuned to processing climate information for the livestock sector. 4. The key challenges for providing agrometeorological information to farmers include, traditional beliefs of the farmers, highly technical forecast information, poor communication skills of information carriers and language barriers. 5. Unfortunately, there is an absence of collaboration among the Ministries, Departments and Organisations that should bridge the gap between NiMet and the farmers. Furthermore, there is no deliberate national, state, and local system that take this information and pass it to farmers. 6. Nigeria’s extension service is poor, and it is required to help farmers to digest this information and enable them to make informed decisions. The ratio of extension agents to farmers is too low. 7. There is a need to leverage on technology to bridge the information gap. Tools such as radio and SMS can be used to update farmers who have little access to the internet. Leer menos
