استكشاف الملاحظات الرسمية للحوار

Discussion topic 3: The innovative ways to ensure inclusion for sustainability of food systems. Outcomes: -Policies that do not segregate anyone e.g. women in relation to land ownership. -specific tasks for all. -Having indicators in all projects e.g. number of youth, women, persons with disabilities etc. -Data on knowledge: Are they aware of their roles in food systems -Real time feedback on their engagement in sustainable food systems

Discussion topic 4: What do youth, women and persons with disabilities offer to ensure sustainable food systems? Outcomes: -A taskforce in the food systems. -A source of knowledge: They can be trainers of others. -A pool for innovation.

Discussion topic 5: Policy considerations to ensure inclusion of the youth, women and persons with disabilities for sustainable food systems. Outcomes: - Land ownership by all policies to be enacted. -Indicators for inclusivity to be stipulated and made mandatory. - Access to affordable finance by the youth, women and persons with disabilities. -Inclusion in policy making processes affecting them.

Discussion topic 6: How do we determine that there is fair inclusion? Outcomes: -When the young people represent the youth, women represent women and persons with disabilities represent persons with disabilites. -Bringing out those with disabilities and not hiding them to ensure they get access to benefits like everyone else. -Projects for sustainability -Provision of soft loans for ideas from youth, women and persons with disabilities.

Use of ICT- There was the advocacy for more digitalization to improve agriculture. However, people with disabilities feel left out when more digitalization is done. This is because the digital innovations do not take into consideration their unique needs. Therefore, they are unable to use these innovations. This is an area that requires further and broader consideration. People with disabilities should not be left behind through new innovations that they cannot be able to use.

In the dialogue theme “Innovative inclusion of the youth, women and persons living with disabilities in sustainable food systems for development”, we explored the question, in what innovative ways can the youth, women and persons living with disabilities be meaningfully involved in ensuring sustainable food systems for the development of economies in Africa and the world? This was an Independent Food System Summit Dialogue to gather practical experiences and ideas from different stakeholders to ensure inclusion of all in food systems. The objectives of the dialogue were: • To create a pl... قراءة المزيدatform for all stake holders to speak out on diverse experiences of the inclusion of the youth, women and persons living with disabilities in food systems. • To spell out strategies to foster the inclusion of the youth, women and persons living with disabilities (enabled differently) in global food systems to enhance sustainability. • To foster innovativeness in the inclusion of the youth, women and persons living with disabilities (enabled differently) in food systems to transform global, regional and national food systems Expected Outcomes were as follows: • Strategies to foster the inclusion of the youth, women and persons living with disabilities in global food systems for sustainability • Suggestions and recommendations gathered from participants’ experiences on ways of ensuring the inclusion of the youth, women and persons living with disabilities in food systems • Greater innovativeness in the inclusion of the youth, women and persons living with disabilities in food systems. قراءة القليل

-Nature based solutions that involve actions to work with and embrace nature e.g developing riparian areas are important in ensuring sustainability of food systems for all. They sustain production, mitigate climate change and erosion, increase income and biodiversity and sustain healthy ecosystems. This idea should be implemented in members' localities. -Agripreneurship should be positioned for youth employment. The youth should be equipped through skill development, financing and financial literacy and land access policies. -People with disabilities should be capacitated with farm inputs and ... قراءة المزيدbe faicilitated with materials on food production and other opportunities that they can read e.g. by use of braille, so as to enjoy the same benefits as the rest of the population. -There should be effective advocacy processes by all to ensure the youth, women and persons with disabilities are represented in food systems policy making. A bottom- up approach that begins from the local communities should be used. -Acess to information: Manuals and other advocacy material developed should resonate with the needs of the persons with disabilites as well as the women and youth. They should be simple and in formats that all can access. -Partnerships between government and the private sector should be pursued in providing credit, soiling testing services, community edcuation through demonstration farms and agricultural insurance for sustainable food systems. -Research is essential where gender transformative indicators should be used to ensure inclusion of all e.g. how many are engaged from each gender and interest groups. Calls for proposal should be tailor made for different groups (youth, women, persons with disabilities). -Social protection programmes that are linked with families for people with disabilities are essentail to ensure access to quality nutrition. Training and capacity building required to engage in decision making, for value addition of produce and in finding markets. Digital training of farmers is also essential. Equal access to resources by all (youth, women and persons with disabilities) is required for sustainable food systems. قراءة القليل

The major focus of the dialogue is on advancing equable livelihoods specifically recognising the game changing initiatives of farmers' organisations and cooperatives in market access at the same time affirming the diverse related issues and challenges in agricultural value chain development. The presenters were also able to present the inter-relatedness of different action tracks based on country specific realities and priorities.

The following are the main findings and recommendations as a result of the Dialogue> 1. Formation of cooperatives, as they play a major role in terms of value addition, development of agri-enterprises and access to support and financing from different institutions; empowerment of cooperatives in negotiating with markets. 2. Establishment of rural distribution network/trading centers managed by farmers; provision of storage facility system to reduce pest, enables bulk orders/wholesale. 3. Involvement of youth in agricultural activities – advanced methodologies in farming, technologies used... قراءة المزيد in processing and online marketing platform; awareness of youth on benefits of farming. 4. Empowerment of farmers to utilize online platforms or e-commerce; creation of platform where farmers and buyers meet; farmers dictate the price. 5. Implementation of organic agriculture suitable for small scale farmers; prioritization of healthy and organic produce; standardization of organic farming policy. 6. Cutting of long market value chain/processes; strengthening of farmers to negotiate directly to end consumers/large scale companies. 7. Incentives and support to farmers from agricultural banks. 8. Market positioning – tapping markets offering higher price regardless of the minimum bulk volume, at the same time, ensuring product quality. Establishment of partnership with other organizations/institutions to highlight farmers’ products. 9. Land security for farmers. 10. Reduction of tax for agricultural products 11. Focus on market requirements and needs 12. Long term branding and plan 13. Assessment of different types of seeds for resiliency; farmer to farmer exchange seeds, non-dependence on hybrid seeds 14. Plant health clinic: platform to discover and diagnose pest issues. قراءة القليل

Identifying specific and advantageous production value chains for specialization and that have comparative advantage for circumstances of farmers. Creating innovative ways of managing farmers’ market to increase their income and reliance on middlemen Enhancing/increasing use of technology to reduce costs and improve production Building capacity for farmers in agricultural operations (pesticide use, irrigation methods, agricultural inputs) Enhancing role of cooperatives and organizing farmers' cooperatives or agricultural cooperatives Encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship in the food se... قراءة المزيدctor to decrease production cost, introduce sustainable techniques and providing more job opportunities to women and youth. قراءة القليل

Vulnerabilities: Absence of appropriate and advanced technology (monitoring) In Lebanon, people are heading more towards the cities, leaving rural areas that contribute to food production. Lack of financial support for research in nutrition and food systems Lack of coordination between the different food systems (production, packaging…) and lack of standards, mainly in the Arab World Lack of investment in proper infrastructure, specifically in Lebanon, that could sustain long term production and suffice local consumption Export of all the best goods Lack of support for farmers No land tenure... قراءة المزيد security Absence of proper monitoring of expiry dates and prices of food products Lack of proper investments and attention to the food sector, especially food production, in Lebanon Lebanese politicians considered Lebanon a country that provides services rather than a producer Fuel shortage in Lebanon is affecting its food sector Solutions: Water is essential for farming. Water harvesting should be prioritized. This could be done through small dams. Create programs that attract the youth to farming and the agricultural sector Prioritization of farming Hydroponics farming as part of urban agriculture Connecting the farmers to their respective markets/consumers directly قراءة القليل

No areas of divergence were detected. The discussion was smooth and most of the participants were on the same page and had similar views and aspirations.

Participants presented the main challenges of the food systems in the 3 different tracks in a comprehensive exploration of the food systems. They agreed on a number of ways that the food system in Lebanon can be strengthened including capacity building for farmers in agricultural operations. Participants examined solutions linking between different Action Tracks and levers of change.

In the short-term small farmers and the most vulnerable should be supported by vouchers for input, cash transfers, land reclamation. There is a risk of a major decline in total production as small farmers cannot afford the price of imported inputs, therefore production size will decrease. On the other hand, consumers are shifting to cheaper, less nutritious, products which are leading to malnutrition and obesity. In the medium term, there is a need to promote more Lebanese produce and increase consumers' awareness of more local fresh food. The devaluation of the Lebanese pound might give a hig... قراءة المزيدher comparative advantage for the Lebanese agriculture production that will replace imports and lead to more export. This will attract more investment and thus increase production size. On the other hand, if consumers shift to locally produced foods, they would have chosen a healthier and more nutritious option. There is a need to capitalize on the role of cooperatives while encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship in the food sector to decrease production cost, introduce sustainable techniques, and providing more job opportunities to women and youth. It was recommended to create innovative ways of managing farmers’ markets to increase income. Specific and advantageous production value chains for specialization increasing comparative advantage were identified. Water harvesting in addition to using hydroponics farming as part of urban agriculture were prioritized. There should be more youth involvement in the sector and farmers should be directly connected to their respective consumers. In the current crisis, the fuel shortage in Lebanon is affecting the food system. It was noted that the absence of appropriate and advanced technology in addition to the lack of financial support for farmers and investment in proper infrastructure is adding to the sector’s vulnerability. As far as youth are concerned, macro-level policies and regulations are needed to support innovation and technology. A mapping of all needed data should be made available. It was also recommended to scale up funding from food innovation enterprises. On the meso level, institutions should be enforced and partnered with international cooperation. Partnerships between the youth and private sectors should be maximized. On the micro-level, it is highly necessary to maximize the use of resources and raw materials for the industrial sector in addition to link green technologies and energy efficiency with innovation. Fostering clustered approach leads to comparative advantage. Innovation should focus on more affordable cost-efficient produce that matches the local demand. It was also recommended by most participants to promote high technology used in farming, to reduce costs and improve production. قراءة القليل

Short-term • Small farmers cannot afford the price of imported inputs = reduce area planted, number of animals => major decline in total production • Consumers are shifting to cheaper less nutritious products: e.g. bread, potatoes => malnutrition + obesity Recommendations for short-term  Emergency assistance to small farmers to buy inputs (vouchers, etc.)  Support to farmers’ livelihoods  Support to land reclamation to expand food production  Cash transfers to poor consumers Medium-term • Devaluation of LBP will enhance comparative advantage of Lebanese agriculture... قراءة المزيد => higher production to replace imports+ more exports • Reduced use of inputs through more GAP/IPM; shift to more sustainable crop mix • More investments in farming by new comers and expansion by existing farmers • Consumers shift to locally produced foods, including more nutritious fruits and vegetables and food legumes as a healthier source of proteins than animal proteins Recommendations for medium-term  Promotion of high technology in farming to increase productivity and sustainability  Promotion of GAP/IPM to reduce input use and enhance food safety  Marketing through coops to bypass wholesale traders  Increase consumer awareness to consume local fresh food, especially fruits and vegetables  Encourage circular economy: composting, solar, etc. قراءة القليل

The focused is on the family farmers' innovative solutions and proposed actions to scale out and sustain these innovative solutions under the following themes: Promote secure tenurial rights of small-scale women and men family farmers over natural resources: lands, waters, forests, seeds Produce diverse and nutritious food through sustainable, integrated, diversified, resilient, organic, agroecological family farming systems and practices in farms and forested landscapes Build and strengthen family farmers’ cooperatives and their enterprises that will give farmers stronger involvement in val... قراءة المزيدue chains and increase their market power Promote fair treatment and ensure equitable rights and opportunities among women and men farmers Promote agriculture towards the young and build their interests and capacities towards sustainable and resilient farming and related enterprises قراءة القليل

Farmers continue to face challenges from including control to productive resources and access to technologies, essential information, financial service, and fair market. There is a need to invest in strengthening farmers' organizations. The central role of family farmers and their organizations in food system has been proven and widely acknowledged: - Family farmers are feeding the world (IAASTD) - Maturity and Sustainability of FFOs are closely associated with increased benefits of smallholder (based on IFAD commissioned study in the Philippines) - Membership in a farmers’ organization was ... قراءة المزيدassociated with positive effects on income (CERES 2030) FFOs are SOLUTION PROVIDERS/INNOVATORS/GAME CHANGERS FFOs are ACCELERATORS of SDG FFOs are PROPELLERS of Climate Resilient Agriculture قراءة القليل

Smallholder farmers have been practicing sustainable agriculture. However, it is changing due to degradation and availability of natural resources, commercial agriculture, climate changes, etc. Build and strengthen farmers’ cooperatives and their enterprises that will give farmers stronger involvement in value chains and increase their market power. Tireless and creative campaigning and land right movement has achieved policy results and established that access and ownership of land have to be provided farmers/tillers. Family farming and the family property are the inseparable parts of a coi... قراءة المزيدn women are the game changer of socioeconomic development of family and nations. So land ownership should be provided to women. Creative and solution-based big movement can bring great politic change. For change, organisations should strengthen organisation for effective movement. Collaboration with government actors for effective programs and execute the better results provides more credibility and increases local leverage. So collaboration with government has to be done. Strengthen young farmers’ organisation in the country through continued organizing efforts. Rethink community organizing strategies in this pandemic/use of digital platforms. We need community champions and leaders قراءة القليل

El Programa de Alimentación Escolar es el suministro organizado de un suplemento nutricional a los niños, niñas y adolescentes en todo el territorio nacional matriculados en el sistema educativo público que rige desde el año 2002, que es de vital importancia ya que, es una de las principales estrategias del sector educativo que busca contribuir al acceso y permanencia escolar de los niños, las niñas, adolescentes y jóvenes en edad escolar, fomentando estilos de vida saludables y mejorando su capacidad de aprendizaje y que la Unidad Administrativa Especial de Alimentación Escolar – A... قراءة المزيدlimentos para Aprender (UApA) se encarga de su manejo. En medio de la emergencia ocasionada por el COVID19 que evitaba la educación presencial y por ende la alimentación en los colegios, el gobierno estableció 3 modalidades para su ejecución durante la pandemia: ración industrializada, ración para preparar en casa y bono alimentario, mediante las cuales se pretende apoyar el aprendizaje en casa, hasta marzo del 2021 se han alimentado 1,406,671 Niños, niñas, adolescentes y jóvenes entre 5 y 17 años y repartido 4.971.664 raciones en 73 entidades territoriales, siendo la ración para preparar en casa la de mayor distribución. El programa Inicia con la asignación de recursos que el Ministerio de Educación nacional y el Ministerio de Hacienda y Crédito Público y priorizan de acuerdo con cuatro criterios de selección y a partir del diagnóstico de cada institución educativa se selecciona la modalidad es decir si el complemento alimentario es industrializado o se prepara en la sede y el tipo de complemento que recibe el estudiante un complemento en la nada de la mañana o de la tarde según sea su horario o el complemento almuerzo. También informa que al inicio del año escolar en cada institución educativa se conforma el comité de alimentación escolar CAE. En 2012 tan sólo el 23% de las sedes educativas recibían algún tipo de alimentación escolar, en 2019 el país logró llegar al 96.3% de las sedes educativas oficiales del país en este periodo el número de alumnos beneficiados creció cerca de 600%. Las manipuladoras (personas que cocinan los alimentos) son reconocidas por su labor y su buena relación con los estudiantes y el 84% de las veces hay suficientes para atender los servicios, sin embargo, hay aspectos por mejorar por ejemplo se encontró que no se hace una revisión de la infraestructura antes de adjudicar los contratos a los operadores que las condiciones de cocinas y menaje son insuficientes o no están en buen estado y que hay poco conocimiento sobre quién es el responsable de su adecuación y dotación el seguimiento y control del programa también debe aumentar las entidades territoriales deben fortalecer los equipos país ya que estos tan sólo visitaron el 48% de las sedes debido a sus múltiples labores administrativas y el poco personal desde las instituciones educativas en el seguimiento, además, las porciones corresponden con los requerimientos nutricionales, sin embargo, son pequeñas y con exceso de harinas. El programa ayuda a que los estudiantes deserten menos además de afectar positivamente los resultados de las pruebas saber en general los estudiantes padres y funcionarios beneficiarios valoran positivamente programa, aunque piden mejorar tanto en la presentación como en la cantidad de los complementos nutricionales. Se debe realizar un diagnóstico anual de estado de equipos y menaje través de los responsables de la dotación de equipo, de igual forma se debe mejorar la preparación de los menús y que las entidades nacionales y territoriales aseguren la asignación de recursos de todo el año escolar para que el programa no pierda continuidad. قراءة القليل

El PAE es un programa social por ende debe ser financiado a través de los recursos del estado en una parte de cumplimiento al esquema tradicional sobre el que está planteado nuestra forma de organización civil, lo cual es un requisito fundamental para el desarrollo del socialismo moderno. Este programa social es un derecho amparado por el artículo 44 y 67 de la constitución política, donde se sostiene que son derechos fundamentales de los niños la vida, la integridad física, la salud, la seguridad social, la alimentación equilibrada y que La familia, sociedad y el Estado tienen la obl... قراءة المزيدigación de proteger al niño para garantizar su desarrollo armónico e integral y el ejercicio pleno de sus derechos, además que el Estado regula y ejerce la suprema inspección y vigilancia de la educación garantizando el adecuado cubrimiento del servicio, asegurando al menor las condiciones necesarias para su acceso y permanencia, recalcando que el PAE es uno de los programas que promueven derecho fundamental de los menores y de los estudiantes que es el derecho a que se garantice Una alimentación sana y equilibrada para el correcto funcionamiento de sus actividades en sus escuelas y también se garantiza y respalda el derecho a la vida a la integridad física y a su salud. La realidad es muy diferente a lo que se plantea en la norma y que se presentan muchas problemáticas para el correcto desarrollo del mismo, entre ellas muchas veces se recalca que hay mucho desconocimiento por parte de los directivos y los aspectos técnicos que componen el programa, además, afirma que una realidad social que nadie puede negar en la actualidad y gran problemática para que el PAE no pueda funcionar correctamente en nuestro país es la corrupción, menciona que actualmente el programa bajo la administración de recursos nacionales afirman que los recursos proporcionados para el desarrollo del programa no son suficientes tanto en lo monetario como de los cultivos, sin embargo, las diversas entidades que componen los recursos que recibe el país reclama que aproximadamente 1.5 billones de pesos se destinan al programa, y con este presupuesto sería suficiente si se aprovechan honestamente los recursos, por ende la mala administración es la causante de que el programa de alimentación escolar no cumpla su función y que los responsables de desviar los recursos son las entidades encargadas, ministros y los mismos rectores. Como solución a esta problemática y para asegurar el cumplimiento del programa se propone la idea de hacer de un programa social una política pública y las políticas públicas son aquellas necesidades de una comunidad presentadas por un mecanismo de participación para que respalden con estatutos legales estas problemáticas y se propone la reforma de la constitución Ámbitos que especifiquen de forma explícita la protección, ejecución y la administración de los recursos del programa y que por ejemplo sería muy viable la idea de que se especifique que este programa hace parte del ejercicio fundamental cubrir los derechos fundamentales de la constitución para presentar cargos frente a las personas que desvíen los recursos. Menciona que los cultivos son vitales para el desarrollo del PAE pero que según DANE los cultivos existentes no son suficientes para cubrir las necesidades del programa y menciona la implementación de cultivos transgénicos como una alternativa viable para cubrir esta necesidad. Dentro de las ventajas de la producción de alimentos transgénicos está la idea de que existen una gran cantidad de alimentos que son resistentes a las plagas gracias a su ADN modificado no hay necesidad de utilizar tanto material químico para su mantenimiento, Porque estos mismos crecen con esa capacidad de resistencia y de la misma forma se ha comprobado que hay muchos alimentos transgénicos que son resistentes a los cambios climáticos como la temperatura, sin embargo, existe un problemática del tipo moral, ya que muchas teorías apuntan a que estamos dándole una transformación del tipo producción al ser o sea estamos viendo al ser al ser animal y vegetal y esto puede causar un daño dentro de las especies y a su vez puede dañar su variabilidad. قراءة القليل