استكشاف الملاحظات الرسمية للحوار

Discussion group 3: Evaluation practice: what do we need to change or improve? This group focused on the evaluation practice and what we need to change, improve, adapt acknowledging complexity and uncertainty and what are the challenges and what does it mean to adopt an adaptive and developmental evaluation approach First participants acknowledged that organizations have different organizational cultures and degrees to which they appreciate and support evaluation as a function or as a culture and therefore how much they focus on accountability or understand it as a learning opportunity to use ... قراءة المزيدbroadly across the organization. It is important to advocate for strengthening the evaluation culture and to balance accountability and learning, aiming for evaluation to become everyone’s business. Evaluators come from different educational and professional backgrounds, and addressing systems, complexity, and uncertainty may require a mindset shift, as we are not evaluating a linear process. Linked to this is the choice of appropriate methods, making a case for non-traditional and creative approaches to be encouraged: this may be difficult sometimes for evaluators to select and promote, though we need to move away from the notion of a gold standard to appreciating participatory, developmental, adaptive approaches. “in complex systems, it’s really difficult to be an independent evaluator with a fixed set of questions and say this is right and this is wrong – participatory approaches need to be embedded in the evaluation” – said a participant The context for applying “new” methods does not always exists and we need to have key elements on leadership, resources, donors’ flexibility and organizational culture as mentioned earlier. In addition, while applying new tools and methods more suitable to addressing systems transformation and complexities, it will be important not to lose track of quality. All of this calls for having capacity development for all actors to understand and for evaluators to be confident in proposing methods and approaches قراءة القليل

Discussion group 4: Evidence towards the UN Food Systems Summit objectives This group agreed on the need to evaluate the outcomes of the Food Systems Summit and discussed how the summit and its outcomes could be evaluated. Evaluating a summit may have potentially many unintended and complex effects. To evaluate the usefulness of the Summit we need to assess: i) the diversity in type of producers and consumers represented: e.g. small holders need to have voice and influence in this summit: degree to which the summit was open to different voices including smallholders; ii) how much did the Summi... قراءة المزيدt influence the narrative, the conceptual focus, but also the actions : did the summit have a ripple effect in media, public opinion etc.. It was also added that the language deployed in the FSS would be one indicator of change taking place thanks to the summit; iii) include the regional level in GLOCAL language and action: The regional level is ideal for knowledge aggregation and dissemination adaptation of global ideas to the local level and to learn from local level. System-wide reviews of progress towards the 2030 Agenda could be done regionally. “The FSS should have institutional arrangements to monitor and evaluate what it achieves,” added a participant. قراءة القليل

Evaluation is cross-cutting to the Summit and to the Action Tracks, and this FSS Independent Dialogue had a twofold aim and focus: 1. Bring to the fore of the Summit the contribution of evaluation to learning and accountability for sustainable food systems and for the FSS commitments & follow up. 2. Engage evaluation stakeholders in reflecting on how evaluation needs to change and evolve. Participants exchanged on the below four topics, each one presented with an accompanying statement and related questions to guide inputs: 1. The role of evaluation for Sustainable Food Systems • Example... قراءة المزيدs of evaluations making a difference, resulting in strengthened sustainable food systems? • Lessons from the impact of COVID-19 crises on food systems? 2. Evaluation methods and approaches for food systems transformation Evaluation needs to change in order to understand and help address food systems and their transformation from the local to the global scale. It needs to move away from project / programme approaches and apply systems thinking. • What are the most useful approaches and tools to include a food systems perspective in evaluations to address this change? • What approaches and methods are best suited for evaluating agriculture research or innovation, to enhance ensuring uptake of research that improves Food Systems? 3. Evaluation practice: what do we need to change or improve? Evaluators are traditionally called to evaluate at the end of projects/programmes. However, in order to evaluate and inform change of complex and interconnected processes, evaluators should be part of all stages of interventions and engage in an iterative dialogue and co-creative process of change. • How do you see this happening? • How would evaluators adopt an adaptive, developmental approach? 4. Evidence towards the UN Food Systems Summit objectives • Should we evaluate the Summit itself, and the degree to which it achieved its objectives? If yes, how? • What long-term monitoring and/or evaluation framework would be required for food systems reform? What can we learn or build upon from the SDGs/Agenda2030 process? قراءة القليل

The aim for each group was to come up with 3 to 5 key messages to report in plenary. We have put together these messages to develop the below Evaluation for Food Systems Statement of main messages, which reflects and summarizes Dialogue participants inputs and vision on the role of evaluation for food systems. EVALUATION FOR FOOD SYSTEMS STATEMENT OF MAIN MESSAGES - Participants in this independent dialogue agreed that evaluation and evidence should be at the hearth of the Food Systems Summit, and support the role of evaluation in providing evidence and lessons to inform food systems transform... قراءة المزيدation and in reviewing the summit outcomes and commitments. - New approaches and innovations are required to transform food systems, for a more equitable and sustainable world. Evaluation has a key role to play in supporting this, by shedding light on the complexities and interdependencies of food systems and identifying actionable and timely solutions, and ultimately contributing to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. - Participants in the FSS Independent Dialogue highlighted that evaluation and the evaluation community can: o Deliver evidence to inform decision making towards sustainable and resilient food systems, o Offer results on what works and what doesn’t, responding to the need to act with urgency to reach the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, o Draw on and put into context lessons learned, including those on the impacts of Covid-19 on food systems and the failures uncovered by this crises, o Engage in assessing the outcomes of the Summit and how the Summit narrative informs actions, especially at the national and regional levels. - Participants also discussed how, in order to unleash the full potential of evaluation, evaluators need to evolve as a community and to take on board new professional and methodological challenges. These relate to ways of working, methods and approaches and to the practice of evaluation within the broader development ecosystem. The following points were raised and considered necessary for evaluation and the evaluation community to support transformation of food systems: o Promote an evaluation culture, in order to enhance the learning value of evaluation, in balance with accountability objectives, and for evaluation to become everyone’s business, including donors, commissioners, decision-makers, civil society and others involved in food systems. o Embrace the complexity of food systems transformation and other global challenges – such as climate change and its impact, which require integrating systems thinking and dealing with uncertainties. o Promote the role of evaluators as engaged participants: evaluators should position themselves in a more dialogic and partnership role in order to facilitate support decision-making, and engage in open communication to help form solutions and stimulate transformative change. o Innovate methods and approaches making a case for non-traditional and creative ones. These may include developmental, participatory and other approaches, which are more suited to help understand the complexity around food systems, while ensuring that the focus on quality is preserved. o Continue to develop capacities of evaluators so that they are equipped with the necessary skills and confidence in making the right choices on methods and approaches. o Ensure more inclusive and equitable evaluations: cross fertilize research and evaluation with local and indigenous food systems and practices and involve different stakeholders in the process- leave no one behind قراءة القليل

1/3 Discussion Topic #1: Sustainable food production 1. Strengthening the role of women not just in processing food but in managing food processing companies 2. Role and partnerships between the private sector AND government, local partners, farmers, academia, education etc. to understand the interests and needs of all stakeholders along with the food system. 3. Supporting deeper integration into regional agro-food value chains, particularly in those sectors (e.g. fruits, olives, etc) where Kosovo enjoys somewhat a competitive advantage. 4. Invest in skills to increase financial literacy in sm... قراءة المزيدall/family farms (particularly among women) 5. Improve farmers’ resilience by investing in adaptive and mitigation needs to climate change 6. Promote local product development – agricultural extension and other rural entrepreneurship/advisory e.g. branding, name recognition and identification with geographic region 7. The importance of ecological and biological agriculture related to the use of pesticides, and accompanying regulation to ensure safe and adequate use of these. Linkages with organic agriculture, tourism and consumer health. 8. Use of natural resources, especially those related to soil degradation, erosion, forests, and pastures, as one of the important natural resources, which contribute to the development of tourism, protection from erosion, but also contribute to the economic aspect and green economy. 9. Reduce barriers for small farmers and other particular groups in agriculture through the provision of microcredit and more accessible and affordable financing mechanisms . 10. Give attention to emerging food insecurity – households prone to food insecurity – flexible safety nets at the municipal level 11. Promote value chain development involving food production linked to tourism, beekeeping, local products (ex. peppers and aromatic herbs) – inter alia for rural women’s economic empowerment 12. There should be proper implementation of legislation in place and better monitoring mechanisms for the whole food system legislative framework 13. Farmers and producers should be more aware on the importance of professional consulting services and provided training programmes in order to increase their capacities on sustainable production practices. 14. The inspectorate capacities within the central and local level institutions should be increased in order to have more quality check and control of food items. Moreover, there should be a better coordination between the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development and municipal agricultural directorates. 15. There should be more investments in irrigation systems and purification of water sources. 16. Central level institutions should intertwine policies in order to promote agriculture among youth and discourage migration. قراءة القليل

2/3 Discussion Topic #2: Sustainable food consumption The second discussion focused on sustainable agricultural development and food consumption as a pathway to ensuring better food system livelihoods, by citing practical examples and solutions from participants’ experiences and knowledge. Participants agreed that inclusivity and equity, based on a people-centered approach, is key to ensuring better food livelihoods in rural as well as urban areas for vulnerable groups including women, youth, non-majority communities and other communities with distinct livelihood systems. Several participant... قراءة المزيدs noted that skills development, including digital skills related to the use of ICT and modern online tools, are important enablers for transforming farmers into competitive entrepreneurs. This would ensure better economic empowerment of women and attract more younger workers. With regard to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food system livelihoods in Kosovo, participants noted that the immediate impact of the pandemic was felt through the weakening of Kosovo food demand and the closure of many businesses such as caterers and hotels. There is therefore a need to strengthen resilience in Kosovo’s food system, to enable “direct selling” by small agricultural producers to local consumers, which could allow many farmers and small players to continue their businesses and promote especially women and youth participation as digital mediators of food value chains. On the other hand, this could help reduce problems of food waste, by donating excess food from producers to those most in need. In this regard, digital platforms have a bigger role to play, for instance to optimize production and minimize food waste. On recent changes to the demand base of agricultural food, some participants also noted the growing trend in people’s diets towards more animal-based food (ex. Meat) and processed food, which requires adjustments in agricultural production patterns, with the latter lacking the same quantity of nutrients. Additional points were raised on the importance for Kosovo institutions to target government subsidies to the most vulnerable to maximize inclusion and ensure equitable livelihoods. The importance of partnerships with businesses was also underscored, which would enable multidisciplinary collaboration among farmers, NGOs, governments and restaurant owners to design projects that can connect small farmers (especially those from rural areas) to large commercial areas and urban centers. Additional recommendations include: • Regular analysis, data collection and reporting should be conducted on consumer food basket in order to collect insights on basic nutritious values and provide evidence based policies that support sustainable food system. • Complete the digitalization of land lots and enhance the categorization of land to address current challenges due to the fragmentation and small size of land lots. • Establish supporting schemes for slow food systems, with a view to encouraging local producers to introduce sustainable systems of production, economize the local area, and encourage citizens to consume locally-produced food items. • Support innovation in urban agriculture through dedicated funds and programmes, which would contribute to higher social cohesion among community members, promotion of green, low-carbon intensity products and better inclusivity of all members of society to leave no one behind. قراءة القليل

3/3 Discussion Topic #3: Circular use of food resources 1. Integrating environmental, economic and social impacts as part of the overall assessments (cost-benefits assessments, impact evaluation etc) relating to food and agriculture policies, decisions and investments by governments and private sector 2. Integrating issues on Food Loss and Waste as a core element of Kosovo’s education system and curricula for all (e.g. local municipalities, public servants, businesses etc), including main concepts and principles to analyze where we have losses, at what levels and why but also how to reduce t... قراءة المزيدhem 3. Strengthening vocational and educational trainings /curricula through targeted programs to educate younger generations on the need to understand the status and challenges of the system 4. Educating consumers about making healthy choices on the type and quantity of food they consume 5. Need to better detect, analyze and report on the use of pesticides and chemicals in agriculture production, through a better food control system that is capable to monitor standard operating procedures on food and feed control at all stages 6. Need for certification and traceability in production systems, especially related to organic and local products, to understand the origin and processing of agricultural products along the value chain and communicate it to consumers through appropriate labelling, thereby increasing consumer confidence 7. Leverage the potential of agro-tourism in Kosovo, as a leading example of sectors (other include eco-tourism) that have been undergoing transformation to promote a shift towards more sustainable ways of doing business, which put sustainability and environment at the core of their model 8. Agro-ecology as a concept should be integrated within the policy framework and educational curricula. 9. Need to analyze the costs as well as the benefits of a healthy diet, in such a way as to prepare policy and financial support packages guided by sound and up-to-date evidence and a robust assessment of the alternatives. 10. Strengthen available evidence and assessments to assess the linkages and impact of food production and agriculture on environment (ex. deforestation) and contribution to Green House Gas (GHG) emissions 11. ‘Polluter Pays’ principle should be deeply integrated in the policy framework covering inter-institutional policies. Any financial revenue deriving from the ‘Polluter Pays’ principle policies should be treated as a dedicated to fund programmes specifically promoting environmental protection and sustainable food system. 12. Leverage the power of innovation and digital technologies to switch agricultural production from input-intensive to knowledge-intensive systems and expanding employment opportunities effectively. قراءة القليل

In all groups, there was a diversity of thoughts and views. However, all discussions took place in a spirit of mutual respect and by appreciating different opinions. In the field of sustainable production, there were different opinions whether the promotion of healthy food, and organic food should be done through state mechanisms such as fiscal incentives, taxes, etc., or through market economy instruments, i.e. through the promotion of demand by raising awareness and increasing purchasing power in general. The same divergences were seen in the part of sustainable consumption and the circular ... قراءة المزيدeconomy. The question of what should be the role of the Government in promoting sustainable production was answered in various forms by representatives of different sectors. While farmers saw subsidies as the best way, the food processing industry and policymakers considered other fiscal and indirect mechanisms to be equally important. There were different, but also complementary opinions regarding the role of citizens’ awareness. There were opinions that the doctors 'association should be involved to encourage sustainable consumption while also taking into account the fact that food safety should not be confused with food quality and that the state can work on raising citizens' awareness of food quality but that the demand for sustainably produced-food must come from the bottom-up. قراءة القليل

We all must work together to transform the way Kosovo produces, consumes and thinks about food. Kosovo’s Food System plays a central role in ensuring sustainable development and the achievement of Agenda 2030 in Kosovo. Issues of food production, consumption, food trade, agriculture and animal husbandry as a means of livelihoods, advancing equality and equity for marginalised populations, environmental challenges and building resilience, are all topics that resonate soundly in Kosovo. The production and consumption of sufficient, affordable and nutritious food for all is vital, while also co... قراءة المزيدnserving the natural resources and ecosystems on which the food system depends. Kosovo’s food system is under increasing pressure to respond to numerous and complex challenges. These include: • Food price impact on food security and wellbeing • High reliance on food imports • High share of agricultural economy and reliance on subsistence farming • Women account for almost 50% of Kosovo’s population but only 5% of them are agriculture landowners • A legal and institutional framework with opportunities to strengthen implementation • An unfinished agenda to support agriculture financing for small businesses • Lack of a unified, comprehensive system to deal with urban waste management • Lack of statistics and available evidence • Limited attention on nutrition issues • High Land fragmentation • Recognised need for stronger attention on sustainable agriculture and food production • Potential to expand local agriculture and businesses • Opportunities to involve the private sector in waste management The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for strong and functional food systems to respond effectively to vulnerabilities and shocks. Kosovo government subsidies for the agricultural sector were about 1% of GDP in 2020, including planned recovery measures. At Western Balkans level, agriculture was the third most affected sector in the economy (after services and industry). At the same time, the COVID-19 pandemic offers an opportunity to build recovery plans that reverse current trends and change consumption and production patterns towards a more sustainable future. Moving towards more sustainable food systems is critical. Sustainable consumption and production is about doing more and better with less. But it is also about decoupling economic growth from environmental degradation, increasing resource efficiency and promoting sustainable lifestyles. Sustainable food system in Kosovo can thus play a critical role to resolving issues of food security, poverty alleviation and adequate nutrition, and can contribute to building resilience in communities. Urgent attention is required to address existing challenges, as well as new and evolving demands on our food systems. Within this framework, our Dialogue explored ways and solutions to raise awareness as well as catalyse locally-driven action around the themes of (1) Sustainable food production (2) Sustainable food consumption (3) Circular use of food resources قراءة القليل

Overall, participants stressed the importance of access to healthy, nutritious, safe AND affordable food as a “must” for all people in Kosovo and future generations but also as an inextricable part of Kosovo’s efforts to achieve progress on long-term development and shared prosperity. Both food producers and consumers carry the responsibility to create a more equitable food system in Kosovo and there is a need to better align the interests and drivers behind their decisions on food consumption and production, with the three components of the “livelihood-nutrition-environment”. Furthe... قراءة المزيدrmore, participants highlighted how the combination of economic, social and environmental principles are key to addressing both inclusivity and affordability issues around the topic of access to healthy, nutritious and safe food in Kosovo. In order for Kosovo’s food system to be more inclusive, sustainable and healthy, further efforts are needed to 1) create the right mix of incentives for businesses and producers to shift their behaviours and patterns, 2) review the institutional, legislative and regulatory framework to better integrate environmental protection and climate concepts 3) reduce risks (access, affordability, income) for those most marginalized within the system, and 4) support income-earning opportunities across food value chains. Additionally, there must be special attention paid to enhancing gender equality in Kosovo’s food system, including the need to provide more opportunities for women in agricultural value chains, such as access to land, jobs, finance and decision-making. With regard to the upcoming Food Systems Summit, participants look forward to continuing the conversation around building a sustainable food system in Kosovo and work together to transform a wealth of ideas, evidence and recommendations into concrete and practical solutions to advance equitable livelihoods in Kosovo’s food system. Efforts will be made to better integrate these into ongoing initiatives already taking place all over Kosovo. To name a few, these include: initiatives to reduce food waste (ex. UNDP Food Waste Challenge), municipalities’ plans to improve local livelihoods, CSO efforts to promote a culture of recycling and more responsible use of resources. قراءة القليل

Afin d’atteindre un système alimentaire inclusif, nutritif, résilient et durable dans le gouvernorat de Kairouan, la concertation a associé deux volets : Un premier volet ‘’descriptif’’ et de mise en contexte au bout duquel les problématiques et enjeux du système alimentaire ont été mises en lumière. Il s’agit d’une étude de l’état actuel du système alimentaire à Kairouan en termes de composantes : caractéristiques des fonctions/acteurs intervenant dans le système alimentaire, de l’amont à l’aval en partant des systèmes de productions agricoles et leurs spé... قراءة المزيدcificités jusqu’aux modèles de consommation alimentaire et profil nutritionnel de la population à Kairouan et ses attributs. Ceci en passant par les différentes fonctions associées au système alimentaires telles que la transformation agro-industrielle et la distribution/commecialisation des produits agricoles et agro-alimentaires. Nous avons également mis l’accent sur les problématiques auxquelles fait face le système alimentaire à Kairouan, dont celles associées aux changements climatiques, à la gestion des ressources naturelles, à l’accès à l’agrofourniture,… Un deuxième volet d’ordre opérationnel a pris place au niveau de la concertation indépendante à Kairouan et permis de faire ressortir des orientations et des plans d’actions opérationnelles qui permetrraient au système alimentaire à Kairouan d’atteindre les objectifs de durabilité d’ici 2030. Ces orientations ont été le résultat des débats et échanges entre des participants à profils diversifiés qui ont débattu pendant deux jours (1er et 2 juin) autour de 3 axes spécifiques : - L’accès à une alimentation saine et équilibrée pour tous - La durabilité et la résilience des systèmes de production - L’inclusivité et l’équitabilité des filières. قراءة القليل

Pour ce qui est de l’aspect accès à une alimentation saine et équilibrée, les liens entre nutrition et santé sont de mieux en mieux connus, et le risque de développer de nombreuses maladies ,cancer, maladies cardiovasculaires, obésité ou encore diabète, ont été énumérés. Au regard de l’importance des enjeux considérés, les politiques publiques ont un rôle fondamental à jouer pour mettre en œuvre dans la durée les impulsions et les cadrages nécessaires (autorisation d’utilisation des pesticides et engrais chimiques, gouvernance et gestion des ressources naturelles, p�... قراءة المزيد�nalités face aux infractions). Il faut lui en donner les moyens dans un contexte de diminution de ses ressources humaines et financières. Les consommateurs, acteurs essentiels, doivent pouvoir faire et imposer des choix éclairés. Pour cela, des efforts doivent être réalisés en matière d’information et d’éducation nutritionnelle, surtout auprès des plus jeunes et des publics sensibles. Parallèlement, des informations et des sensibilisations particulières doivent concerner les nouveaux modes d’alimentation « hors domicile », qui connaissent un fort développement du fait de l’évolution des modes de vie, parmi lesquels la restauration collective occupe une place importante (sensibilisation au niveau des cantines scolaires, de la restauration universitaire). L'intérêt de promouvoir des produits de qualité, valorisant les savoir-faire traditionnels, ne doit pas être oublié ; cette approche revêt de plus un intérêt environnemental au regard du respect des ressources naturelles locales, et économique au niveau territorial par le développement d’approches adaptées (certifications biologiques, appellations d’origine contrôlées). Il est crucial de ne pas oublier la mise en place d’un système d’information et de collecte de données basé sur les différents types de consommation alimentaire de la population à Kairouan (hommes, femmes et par tranche d’âge). Ces indicateurs permettront d’agir de manière plus rapide et efficace et de prendre à temps les décisions adéquates de renforcement de l’accès à une alimentation saine et équilibrée. Pour ce qui est de la durabilité des systèmes de production, les principes de l’agriculture durable ont été présentés comme relevant de trois niveaux d’exigence : la viabilité économique, l’innocuité environnementale et l’équité socio-économique. Pour y parvenir, il faut d’une part sensibiliser les acteurs locaux sur les bonnes pratiques agricoles (sensibilisation large grâce aux moyens de communications modernes, adoption d’une communication choquante si nécessaire) et d’autre part mettre en place les moyens nécessaires pour promouvoir ces modes de production durables et résilients tout en préservant la sécurité alimentaire des ménages. Pour ce faire, le groupe a insisté sur la nécessité, et l’urgence, d’ adopter des mesures d'incitation économiques et de promouvoir des technologies nouvelles appropriées de manière à garantir une offre stable de denrées alimentaires d'une valeur nutritive adéquate, auxquelles les groupes vulnérables auront accès. La création d’emplois et de revenus pour réduire la pauvreté à travers la diversification de l’emploi agricole et non agricole et le développement des ’infrastructures sont primordiaux : A ce niveau, il est nécessaire de soutenir et de renforcer la vision entrepreneuriale des jeunes ainsi que l’appui aux familles les plus pauvres en zones rurales comme en zones urbaines et -urbaines par la création de micro-jardins, micro-vergers, micro-élevages afin d’améliorer la sécurité nutritionnelle des ménages. Enfin, le groupe a considéré que l’agriculture familiale était le meilleur point d’entrée pour la gestion optimale des ressources naturelles et la protection de l’environnement en promouvant l’adoption de bonnes pratiques agricoles, des cultures peu exigeantes (en eau et intrants) et adaptées aux changements climatiques ; parmi les modèles à promouvoir ont été citées l’agriculture biologique moins demandeuse en produits chimiques et donc moins dangereuse pour l’écosystème, l’agriculture raisonnée, la permaculture. Le volet se rapportant à l’inclusivité et l’équitabilité des filières a, quant à lui, mis la lumière sur la structure des filières et ses caractéristiques. Il s’agit de l’ensemble des activités, organisations, acteurs, technologies, informations, ressources et services intervenant dans la fabrication de produits agro-alimentaires à destination des consommateurs. Elles couvrent les secteurs amont de la production agricole, depuis la fourniture d’intrants agricoles (semences, engrais, alimentation animale, médicaments ou équipement), la production et son aval (traitements post-récolte, transformation, commercialisation, distribution et vente). Elles englobent également les services d’appui tels les services de vulgarisation, la recherche-développement et l’accès aux données de marché. Ainsi, elles se composent d’un vaste éventail d’acteurs. Certains de ces acteurs peuvent dominer le reste des maillons de la filière et induire par conséquent à une filière non équitable et non inclusive (essentiellement en termes de partage de gain et de marge). Selon les caractéristiques de la relation entre les acteurs, la filière peut être non équilibrée et par conséquent non équitable chose qui peut créer un conflit d’intérêt. Elle peut en contrepartie être qualifiée d’équitable dans la mesure où la relation entre les maillons est basée sur la complémentarité au niveau des fonctions et sur un partage équitable de la valeur ajoutée globale de la filière. قراءة القليل

En se basant sur les actions proposées par les participants, il en ressort les recommandations ci-après :  Développement équilibré du territoire au niveau national (entre gouvernorats) mais également au niveau du gouvernorat (entre délégations) pour réduire les fractures entre les régions et les sous-régions, et faciliter l’accès aux services de base à tous les ménages, en particulier l’eau potable ; mais aussi aux structures de santé et d’éducation qui sont souvent défaillantes dans les zones les plus reculées et pauvres ;  Promotion de systèmes alimentaires bas... قراءة المزيدés sur des produits locaux : même en zones rurales, la tendance est forte de consommer des produits transformés importés, dont la qualité nutritionnelle est souvent sujette à caution ; dans ce contexte il est clé de recenser les produits et les savoir-faire locaux et de valoriser les bonnes traditions (toutes ne sont pas bonnes !), au travers de fêtes locales et par un système de certifications biologiques, appellations d’origine contrôlée, … ;  Information et Education nutritionnelle : en particulier au niveau des écoliers (promotion des cantines scolaires) et des femmes qui ont un rôle-clé dans la nutrition des jeunes enfants, mais pas seulement (l’ensemble des membres du ménage doit être sensibilisé à cette question) ; focus particulier sur les consommateurs et leurs associations, acteurs essentiels, qui par leurs choix alimentaires influent sur l’ensemble du système ;  Promotion de systèmes de production agricole et d’élevage peu ou moins utilisateurs de produits chimiques qui présentent ensuite un risque alimentaire : différents modèles ont été évoqués à ce niveau comme l’agriculture biologique, l’agriculture raisonnée, voire la permaculture…  Renforcement des systèmes de contrôle : les services publics ont à l’évidence un rôle fondamental à jouer pour mettre en œuvre dans la durée les impulsions et les cadrages nécessaires (autorisation/interdiction d’utilisation des pesticides, engrais chimiques, médicaments, antibiotiques… ; gouvernance et gestion des ressources naturelles, …). Or, la situation économique actuelle en Tunisie entraîne un affaiblissement des services publics qui ont de plus en plus de difficultés à assumer leurs fonctions régaliennes. Dans le contexte où ces systèmes de contrôle sont considérés comme prioritaires pour atteindre une alimentation saine, des choix politiques et budgétaires adéquats doivent être faits au niveau national et au niveau décentralisé ;  Autonomisation des associations de producteurs et de consommateurs : en complément au cadrage politique, et à sa mise en œuvre, il est important que les principaux types d’acteurs concernés soient organisés pour s’assurer que les normes soient respectées et pouvoir exercer une pression au cas où elles ne le sont pas. Les groupes de producteurs, les associations de consommateurs existent mais ne sont pas encore dans la pleine capacité d’exercer ce contre-pouvoir et de défendre leurs intérêts ;  Système de collecte de données et d’information basé sur le type de consommation alimentaire/ de la population à Kairouan (hommes, femmes et par tranche d’âge) et traitement des données. Ces indicateurs permettront d’agir de manière plus rapide et efficace et de prendre à temps les décisions adéquates de renforcement de l’accès à une alimentation saine et équilibrée. Les ressources humaines nécessaires à cette collecte et ce traitement des données devront être identifiées car elles ne sont pas disponibles actuellement et sont coûteuses. قراءة القليل

En se basant sur les actions proposées par les participants, il en ressort les recommandations ci-après ::  Prendre des mesures drastiques pour sauver les ressources naturelles et en particulier les ressources en eau : le temps n’est plus au diagnostic, et les participants ont insisté sur l’urgence de promouvoir ce type de mesures et des technologies respectueuses de l’environnement, et adaptatives au changement climatique, qui sont de fait déjà connues et utilisés dans certaines régions de Tunisie, mais qui ne sont pas suffisamment promues ;  Promotion de l’agriculture fa... قراءة المزيدmiliale dans ce contexte, l’agriculture familiale (plutôt que d’autres formes d’agriculture de type industriel) est considérée comme plus perméable à la pratique de culture moins exigeantes (en eau et intrants), et à l’élevage d’animaux adaptés aux conditions climatiques locales ; ainsi qu’à l’application de l’agriculture biologique moins demandeuse en intrants chimiques et de ce fait moins dangereuse pour l’écosystème, et moins coûteuse pour l’agriculteur, ou de l’économie circulaire qui permet une gestion des ressources plus économe ;  Elaboration d’une nouvelle politique agricole de rupture et de façon participative : une politique définissant les contours de changement d’approche est nécessaire de façon urgente et doit résulter d’une approche impliquant les différents acteurs des filières ; les agriculteurs mais aussi les acteurs du secteur privé doivent être partie prenante de cette réflexion et des choix stratégiques à opérer car ils seront ensuite ceux qui les mettront en œuvre ;un changement de paradigme est nécessaire au niveau du ministère en charge de l’agriculture : il doit devenir un ministère de la production agricole durable.  Adoption de mesures d'incitation économiques : ce changement de paradigme nécessitera un accompagnement technique et financier qui n’est pas présent actuellement. Il s’agit d’une évolution qui ne pourra se faire que sur la durée et avec un accompagnement rapproché. Les moyens financiers doivent programmés en conséquence, ce qui nécessite une révision des subventions accordées actuellement pour les recalibrer aux nouvelles approches à promouvoir ;  Sensibilisation et formation des acteurs locaux sur les bonnes pratiques agricoles respectueuses de l’environnement : dans ce cadre, la formation agricole et la sensibilisation sur l’importance de pratiquer une agriculture durable sera cruciale. La question du conseil agricole sera également à repenser en profondeur, avec par exemple l’utilisation d’approches digitales. قراءة القليل

Il en ressort les recommandations ci-après des discussions ::  Contractualisation entre acteurs : la mise en relation des acteurs et la facilitation de contrats entre eux est une approche qui peut faciliter la mise en marché des produits des agriculteurs et des éleveurs, et en particulier des plus pauvres : l’agriculture contractuelle est un exemple possible de contractualisation entre des producteurs et un acheteur. Il est toutefois important dans ce cadre d’accompagner les petits producteurs dans la compréhension et la mise en œuvre du contrat afin qu’ils en tirent le meilleur ... قراءة المزيدprofit possible ;  Promotion des filières locales à fort potentiel de valorisation (produits et sous-produits) et encouragement aux investissements moyennant des financement spécifiques (micro-crédits, subventions, …) pour le développement de ces filières locales souvent développés par des petits producteurs et productrices ;  Promouvoir l’identité territoriale à travers l’encouragement à la labellisation des produits locaux transformés artisanalement et à la certification bio chose qui permettra aux producteurs et aux transformateurs de gagner en notoriété et en qualité des produits à mettre sur le marché ; dans ce contexte promouvoir le secteur privé local en l’incitant à investir dans leur territoire d’origine ; ceci nécessite la révision du d’investissement afin de le rendre plus favorable aux petits investisseurs ;  Amélioration de la gouvernance des filières à travers la mise en place de structures regroupant l’ensemble des acteurs et permettant de définir conjointement le développement de leur filière : différents exemples de plateformes, d’inter professions, de clusters par filières existent en Tunisie, une stratégie d’appui à ce type de structure est nécessaire ; à ce niveau, les membres u groupe ont émis des divergences sur le mode de coordination des plateformes, certains estimant qu’elle doit relever de l’Administration, d’autres des acteurs privés, l’Etat n’ayant qu’un rôle d’observateur et d’accompagnateur ;  Promotion des circuits de distribution court (du producteur au consommateur) et la logistique correspondante afin de garantir aux petits producteurs une part accrue de la valeur ajoutée en concertation avec les autres acteurs impliqués dans la filière (points de vente, foires, information sur les produits…). قراءة القليل

 La valorisation des produits locaux a été abordée sous deux angles différents. Pour certains participants, les produits locaux permettent de satisfaire en priorité les besoins des ménages (sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle) ; pour d’autres les produits locaux peuvent être valorisés à travers leur transformation et leur commercialisation en dehors de la localité de production (recherche de marchés pour ces produits) afin de générer des revenus supplémentaires (essentiellement pour les femmes qui transforment ces produits locaux de manière artisanale et qui peuvent ê... قراءة المزيدtre soutenues pour les commercialiser collectivement : exemple dans le Gouvernorat de Siliana d’un groupement de femmes productrices de piment qui le transforment et le commercialisent jusqu’en Europe).  La question de la coordination a fait l’objet de discussions : Certains participants ont proposé une refonte ministérielle avec la création d’un Département coordonnant tous les services dédiés à la petite agriculture locale et à une réorientation des subventions au secteur agricole prioritairement vers elle n. Si une meilleure coordination des acteurs des systèmes alimentaires est jugée indispensable par le groupe, certains participants ont exprimé leur doute sur la création de nouvelles structures de coordination ; en effet, de nombreuses structures de ce type ont déjà été mises en place en Tunisie dans différents domaines et ont toujours eu des difficultés à fonctionner efficacement.  L’amélioration de la gouvernance des filières à travers la mise en place de structures regroupant l’ensemble des acteurs et permettant de définir conjointement le développement de leur filière : différents exemples de plateformes, inter professionnelles, de clusters par filières existent en Tunisie, une stratégie d’appui à ce type de structure est nécessaire ; à ce niveau, les membres du groupe ont émis des divergences sur le mode de coordination des plateformes, certains estimant qu’elle doit relever de l’Administration qui assure ainsi son rôle régalien d’organisation et de contrôle du secteur, d’autres participants privilégient la resposabilisationes acteurs privés, au premier rand desquels les producteurs et leurs organes représentatifs, l’Etat ayant un rôle d’observateur et d’accompagnateur. قراءة القليل

There was a great diversity of opinion among participants who responded to the polling questions we posed during the On Air Dialogues. While there was significant agreement between women and men regarding food systems, there were important differences that should inform actions to create more gender-responsive food systems. Notably, women were more concerned about household nutritional intake, were more likely to consider loans and credit as key to farming success, and relied more strongly on informal networks such as friends and neighbours for information. They were also more likely than men ... قراءة المزيدto prioritize those most in need when food is scarce. There were also some striking differences related to age and to country. For example: ● In Burkina Faso, more than half of participants said loans and credit are the key to success, a much higher figure than in other countries. Just 1 in 5 chose that option in Uganda, while 1 in 4 thought that secure access to and control over land was the key to farming success. ● Men under 30 were most pessimistic about the future of youth in farming for youth, while women over 30 were most optimistic, with more than 1 in 3 confident that today's children will succeed in farming. ● Women under 30 were more likely than women 30+ to turn to radio for information on how to cope with threats to their families and livelihood, while men under 30 were more likely than men 30+ to turn to agricultural experts. Please refer to the attached report for more thorough analysis. قراءة القليل

The On Air Dialogues focused on three of five UNFSS Action Tracks, as follows: Action Track 1: Ensure access to safe and nutritious food for all Action Track 4: Advance equitable livelihoods Action Track 5: Build resilience to vulnerabilities, shocks, and stress Each of the three episodes from the series was dedicated to one of these action tracks. Within each action track, the On Air Dialogues also focused on a wide subset of topics (3 per episode), as follows: Safe food, nutritious food, diverse diets, land and land tenure, gender inequality in food systems, a role for youth in food systems,... قراءة المزيد instability and conflict, infrastructure and finance, and climate change. The questions we asked were as follows. Week 1: If you think about the safety and quality of the food your family eats, are you most worried that: 1) It might cause illness due to poor food hygiene practices 2) The range of available foods doesn’t have all the nutrients needed for good health 3) It might contain harmful chemicals 4) I don’t worry - the food my family eats is already safe and nutritious. When food is scarce, what is the first thing your family does to cope? 1) Those most in need eat first and others sacrifice 2) Ask everyone to cut back equally 3) Sell assets like animals 4) Find other ways to earn money In the place where you live, what would need to change so that everyone has equal access to safe, healthy, nutritious food all year round? Week 2: Which of the following five options would give you the most success as a farmer? 1) Loans or credit 2) Secure access to and control over land 3) High quality inputs 4) Better information 5) Better market access What will farming look like in the future for today’s children? 1) They will be successful 2) They will struggle to succeed unless things change 3) Young people should avoid farming and pick another occupation 4) Young people will farm, but they will need to earn money from other sources too If you had more power to change things, what would you do to make life better for farming families? Week 3: Where would you turn to for information to help you cope with future threats to your family and livelihood? 1) Family, friends, and neighbours 2) Farmers’ co-operative/group 3) Radio 4) Agricultural experts 5) Input suppliers Climate change can have a big effect on farming. Which of the following would help you as a farmer to best deal with changes in the weather? 1) Improved inputs 2) Good information on how to adapt 3) Better use of water 4) Protecting the natural environment 5) Moving to another place What is the biggest threat to your family eating enough safe and nutritious food? قراءة القليل

First, participants anticipate that their children will be involved in farming. Only 1 in 9 felt that today’s youth should choose another occupation. However, over one-third felt that changes would be necessary to enable the next generation of farmers to succeed. Further, 1 in 4 people believed that young people will farm but will need to earn money from other sources as well. Second, while climate change is increasingly affecting small-scale farmers, few rural people think that migration is necessary to help them deal with climate-related threats. Over 90% of participants felt there was som... قراءة المزيدething they could do in their community to cope with climate change. To increase the resilience of their farming activities and livelihoods, these farmers need support in protecting the natural environment, and receiving improved inputs and better information. Third, while many participants said that quality inputs would improve their yields, they said the single most important factor for success in agriculture was access to loans and credit. Fourth, many people were concerned about the safety of the food they eat and whether it meets their family’s nutritional needs. The On Air Dialogues show that small-scale farmers and other rural people are concerned about the food they eat and the future of farming. They see the impacts of climate change on their lives, and in their communities. They want more—and better—resources and information to improve their livelihoods. The initiative also demonstrated that small-scale farmers are ready and able to offer solutions. The On Air Dialogues are one of many simple ways to engage small-scale farmers and other rural people in discussions about the systems that directly affect them. When given the chance, farmers are keen to contribute. As nations, organizations, and individuals, we must commit to creating inclusive, accessible channels for farmers to join the conversation—and be heard—no matter what work they do, where they live, or what language they speak. Locally, nationally, and globally, decision-makers must not only hear but listen to, respect, and act on farmers’ opinions and concerns, and take full advantage of their knowledge and experience. Small-scale farmers and other rural people are the backbone of the global food system and must hold a central place in the conversation. Farmers and rural people have a lot to say. As nations, organizations, and individuals, we all must commit to listening and taking action together. Please refer to the attached report for more thorough analysis. قراءة القليل

When asked about coping mechanisms when food is scarce, the largest percentage of participants said that their family would cope by asking everyone to cut back equally. A somewhat higher percentage of women than men said that those in need should eat first, and that the family should sell assets such as animals. We also asked participants what would need to change for everyone in their community to have equal access to safe, healthy, nutritious food all year round. Many participants identified moving away from chemical pesticides and fertilizers as a key priority. Many also placed a significan... قراءة المزيدt emphasis on the importance of food hygiene and safety. Next, we asked what participants worry about most when they think about the safety and quality of their family’s food. Almost 75% of participants reported feeling troubled about the safety and quality of the food their families eat. We also asked participants what would give them the most success as a farmer. The need for finance emerged strongly. The largest percentage of participants said that loans and credit would give them the most success. When asked about the future of farming for today’s children, only 1 in 9 thought that young people should avoid farming altogether. Almost one-third said that young people would be successful in farming, while another third felt that they would struggle to succeed unless things change—pointing to the need to transform food systems to make successful livelihoods possible. A quarter of participants felt that young people would farm but would need other sources of income. Many participants said that the lives of farming families would be better if they had access to farming inputs. Others favoured more loans, credit, and general financial support. A number of participants said that farming families’ lives would improve if markets worked better for them. Finally, many mentioned various types of training and education. These responses underline the need to improve access to the resources, services, and markets that rural people need to improve their lives and livelihoods. Over 90% of participants felt there was something they could do in their community to cope with climate change. Less than 1 in 12 said that the only way to cope would be to move to another place. The highest proportion chose “protecting the natural environment.” Men were more likely than women to think that protecting the natural environment was the best strategy, while women were more likely than men to choose migration. Participants were also asked where they would turn for information to help them cope with threats to their family and livelihood. This question allowed participants to identify the threats that were most significant to them, as well as where they would go for information to help them cope with those threats. The largest percentage of participants said they would turn to family, friends, and neighbours. A little more than 1 in 4 chose radio. Participants were asked to name the biggest threat to their family eating enough safe and nutritious food. The four most common responses were: poor hygiene and sanitation, weather-related threats, agrochemical use, and lack of inputs or poor-quality inputs. Please refer to the attached report for more thorough analysis. The thousands of people who participated in the On Air Dialogues demonstrated that rural people can articulate what they need to transform their lives, from strategies for coping with climate change to accessing resources and markets. Most see a future in rural areas for the next generation—but say that action to transform food systems and combat rural poverty and marginalization is needed for them to have success as full-time farmers. Their voices are a vital contribution to the 2021 UN Food Systems Summit. قراءة القليل