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4. Aligning the financial ecosystem for food system transformation: effective partnership models - Partnerships should be structured around the expertise of each actor, with PDBs focusing on bankable clients, and with donors and TA providers focusing on building capacities and addressing local market failures. There is a particular need to: o Embed incentives in investment policy objectives of PDBs/DFIs to avoid crowding out of other potential investors. o Design TA to support pipeline development and have clear exit strategies. o Over the longer term, build skills and strengthen the role of f... Подробнееarmers’ organizations in structuring value chains and improving access to capital. - PROPOSAL  Knowledge hubs at global/regional levels to share learnings and good practices of PDBs based on operations and approaches to value chain development.  Partnership roundtable discussions at sectoral or national level to enhance coordination amongst PDBs and other actors Скрыть

Since discussions focused on solutions, no clear areas of divergence emerged. However, the performance of PDBs in specific areas (e.g. depending on where they operate within the spectrum) and the degree to which they may crowd-in, vs crowding out other investments, could be considered an area for further discussion.

DISCUSSION TOPIC 5: “AKIS encourages ever greater innovation throughout the Food System. Innovation diffuses seamlessly, rapidly becoming practise and contributes to economic, social and environmental sustainability.” Introduction/Key points: Innovations will prosper where a benefit is achieved. Benefits are often not exclusively monetary (price rise, cost reduction), as other benefits such as more efficiency, work/life balance, etc., are also important. Impediments to innovation by farmers can be actual, or perceived. Early support is important; waiting until an innovation is proven will ... Подробнееmean many will be abandoned too soon. Innovations are learning opportunities even where they fail in the short term. This applies to originators and also first-time implementers. Innovations should resonate right along the Food Innovation System chain. Currently there are innovation ‘silos’, with little communication to others in the chain. Fairness is important. Innovations should yield benefits for farmers, processors and consumers. Actions:  Government and EU could accelerate the use of new technologies: e.g. by paying for soil samples and interpretation of results.  Increase the number of ‘agents’ supporting farmers. Improve the links between those who are conducting research and those implementing it. Research should take its first impetus from those who will ultimately apply the findings. Who needs to be involved: Farm families and consumers are key. Consumers are often unaware of good things happening on farms and are unaware of the value of quality food. Farmers and advisors are best placed to make decisions at farm level, particularly process/procedural innovations. The traditional top down approach less successful. A range of perspectives should be embraced, including sceptics. Support bodies, DAFM, Enterprise Ireland are important. Implementing actions:  Communication must be tailored to the audience.  We need a system to capture good ideas – and disseminate these good stories.  Adopt a flexible approach with different solutions to address any identified challenge…there cannot be just one answer.  There is a difference between established and ‘first time’ innovators – by supporting first time innovators, they will get a taste for innovation and do more of it.  Mentoring is important – e.g. Innovation agents etc.  But, some innovators may fear loss of Intellectual property. Potential Impact  Innovation will convert ideas into products and jobs.  Push/pull innovation – from both farmers and consumers – can generate social licence to continue with innovation.  Greater focus within the food system and prioritisation of areas of expertise – where will we be in the future? What are the new areas we will win in? Informed risk taking needs to be encouraged. For example farmers or contractors may have to invest in new/different equipment. This requires support for this type of investment, in addition to research. Use new media channels. Farmers can be reached directly with new ideas innovations using Social Media. Farmers will act on these communications. Multiple approaches must be used. However, given that everyone is busy, so there is a need to be careful with people’s time, highlighting the importance of the “quality rather than quantity” approach. Скрыть

DISCUSSION TOPIC 6: “By 2030 the AKIS should be fast and effective in transferring ideas, tools and technologies to end-users” Actions:  Create a central information hub that is easily accessible to farmers – so much information in many locations.  Information has to be accurate, verified and independent.  Collaboration from all actors needed – farmers, advisory, policy, industry, farm organisations, agricultural, education colleges.  On extensive farms profit is not the total driver of farmers – great pride in farmers to leave the farm in a better place for the next gene... Подробнееration – but there was unanimous agreement that CAP supports would have to be in place for a large group of part-time farmers.  New technologies that are put in place to tackle biodiversity/climate change/water quality that have a capital cost should be supported financially.  On intensive full time farms, profit is the main driver. New technologies will have to be supported by all stakeholders to communicate the environmental sustainability message to farmers.  The ASSAP programme was referenced as a good example of successful collaboration between all stakeholders.  Concerns were raised by Private consultants that they do not have the same access to up to date knowledge and information as Teagasc does. More formal structures (e.g. Memorandums of Understanding) are required to address this.  Agreement within group that demonstration, discussion groups, farm walks should be further supported in new CAP Policy.  Support for farmers to develop IT skills and purchase new technologies  Methane reduction will be a key driver going forward – support for ruminant methane reduction research and rollout if successful.  Research should be fast and reliable but filtered to communicate a straightforward practical message to farmers.  AKIS will include blended learning – zoom and on-farm one-to-one.  Farmers will put into practice new technologies if they understand the benefits of same to all stakeholders – they have the solutions and are not the problem.  Interdisciplinary Research and more focused to communicate with the hard to reach farmers – the top 1/3 attend all meetings and don’t need info – how do we engage the other 2/3 that don’t attend/engage. Implementing Actions  Encourage all farmers to attend farm walks, demonstration events, open days, discussion groups – use agricultural advisory services (public & private)  Exemplar farmers in local areas – local demonstration farms (every county), demonstrate science to farmers so they will understand better and put into practice.  Group agreement to communicate with influencers of farmers (e.g. vets, agri-adviser, co-ops etc.  Support individual farm sustainability plans and successful schemes need to be financially attractive to farmers to participate. Impact: • Currently farmers get 18% of dividend from the value chain – this is below EU average of 24% and needs to increase for Irish farm families. • Environmental and financial sustainability – farmers must be financially supported to manage their farms (e.g. changes in practice to reduce N such as multi species/reseeding costs). • Animal welfare - grass fed is positive communication. • Clear messaging to farmers – prevention rather than cure (AMR). • Positive perception of farmers – currently feeling everything is being laid at the farmer’s door. • Make farming attractive for next generation. Supporting Changes • Utilise easy to use technology. • Prioritise multi-actor disciplinary research. • Encourage more private consultants to join Agricultural Consultants Association (ACA). • Communicate clearly with farmers. • Clear policy direction and collaboration with all stakeholders. • Clear local messages. What are the challenges and how can we manage them? • Methane from ruminant and increased research required • Do farmers and advisors fully understand climate challenge? • Getting engagement form hard to reach farmers • Data governance • Age and engaging younger farmers to adopt new technology • Profitability of main enterprises • Upskilling advisors • Translating policy to practice • Consumer perception • Scheme administration Скрыть

A number of areas of divergence were identified during the discussions, that are summarised in the following points:  How to reach all farmers is a significant challenge. Many farmers are clients of public advisory services (i.e. Teagasc), while more are clients of private advisors, and more have little or no engagement with any advisor. More collaboration and coordination of the public and private advisory services is needed, as is more inclusivity of a wider pool of advisors. The potential role of other actors (e.g. veterinarians) in providing advice to farmers can also be overlooked and ... Подробнееshould be considered more within the challenge of how all farmers can be reached with information.  Farmers can feel isolated/misunderstood within a perception of an ‘us and them’ divide.  Competition between large food organisations and farmers, and value of ‘real’ food and processed food. Innovating can be hard while also meeting the market needs.  Regulation/lack of funding can hinder innovation and adoption.  Insufficient Entrepreneurial culture in some organisations.  Intellectual property rights are important for some innovators. Скрыть

The focus of the Dialogue was to explore the importance of an effective Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS) in order to support sustainable food systems in the future. The AKIS is a complex and inclusive network or system of actors that collectively participate, interact and contribute to the generation and flow of information and knowledge, and the creation and implementation of innovations within the food system. The scope of the AKIS is very broad. It extends beyond the more traditional model of top-down or linear knowledge flow from research to knowledge transfer actors to ... Подробнееfarmers. The AKIS is inclusive of the broader end-user concept that includes not only farmers, but also the wider impact on consumers, rural communities and society in general. It also includes a broad and complex pool of actors that have a role in the agri-food chain through policy; regulation, funding bodies, research; advisors; education, farmers, professional services, financial services, input suppliers, media, food processors, consumers and society. The goal of having a more sustainable food system will require the generation and application of knowledge and innovations to an extent that surpasses what we do currently. All of the Action Tracks identified require multi-actor participation. The AKIS has a significant role to play in achieving this by providing the framework through which the actors can work together. Within this dialogue, six aspects of the AKIS were explored and discussed as key elements to how the AKIS can be developed in the future. These areas were: 1) diversity within the AKIS; 2) attracting talented people into careers within the AKIS; 3) training and skills development within the AKIS; 4) how data and digital tools can empower the AKIS; 5) facilitating innovation; and 6) ensuring the AKIS is fast and effective in achieving changes towards sustainable food systems. Six separate break-out discussions were held on each of the above topics. The approach adopted involved the setting of a ‘vision statement’ for the topic, followed by the discussion around the actions and challenges in achieving this vision statement by 2030. A keynote session also preceded the break-out discussions. The keynote was conducted as a conversation with two international experts on the topic of the AKIS; Ms. Inge Van Oost, DG Agri European Commission; and Prof. Dr. Andrea Knierim, University of Hohenheim, Germany. The objective of the keynote session was to introduce the AKIS to the participants and to explore how the AKIS in Ireland compares to other countries, and to understand the policy and regulatory instruments that are in place now and into the future to support the development of the AKIS. Скрыть

Creating an effective AKIS is a significant challenge in the context of the wide diversity of knowledge and actors involved. Developing more sustainable food systems requires many elements to be connected in a cohesive and collaborative way in order to make progress across all of the Actions Tracks identified. The discussion highlighted that we do not know precisely what we need in the future in terms of information, innovations, etc. However, we can be sure that we will be required to continually adapt our Food Systems, and the ability to have a structure in place by way of a well-functioning... Подробнее AKIS, can help ensure that we have the capability to adapt to emerging challenges. We cannot depend on traditional top-down information flows. We need to adopt a more ‘multi-actor’ approach in problem solving, innovating and implementing new practices. The development of an effective AKIS is well recognised and supported within the policy framework as the need for faster delivery of utilisable information, practices and technologies to end-users continues to increase. Challenges within Food systems are becoming more complex, and require faster and well-integrated solutions. Amongst the initiatives currently supported by policy are the Operational Groups within the European Innovation Partnership (EIP) network. Studies that evaluated and compared the AKIS across countries have identified that Ireland as well as other countries such as Austria do already have a strong and integrated AKIS when compared to some other countries. However, the discussion highlighted the need to continue to build on this. Areas of development should include: a) widening the reach to farmers beyond those currently engaged with public and private advisory services; b) broadening our understanding of the AKIS to be wider than just agriculture to include a more inclusive engagement of rural areas, communities and citizens; and c) utilising more ‘multi-actor’ approaches in order to improve collaborations and connections to provide innovations and solutions. A key overall outcome of the discussion was a recognition that ideas and solutions can arise from people within any branch of the AKIS. The challenge for the AKIS is to be able to provide an inclusive platform whereby ideas can be connected to the capacity to develop these ideas and innovations into actions. Скрыть

DISCUSSION TOPIC 1: “An inclusive AKIS which bridges science and offers appropriate knowledge support for the diverse agri-food rural actors”. Everyone recognised that we are not yet where we need to be in terms of a diverse and inclusive AKIS. Key actions arising from the discussion included: Key Actions:  Integrating the whole farm family rather than just focusing on the one, usually patriarchal, landowner. This can be done by integrating women and young farmers through discussion groups, KT consultations, and recognition on correspondence related to the farm. The farming media can pl... Подробнееay a significant role here in reversing the usually male-dominated stereotype. There is a need to focus on integrating women more for future resilience and young farmers for generational renewal and innovation.  Need to dispel misinformation and bring all members of the chain, including consumers, together so the context is known, trust is built and knowledge sharing increased and consistent across the chain. This would strengthen the networks within the AKIS. Further mapping is needed to identify who is missing in the AKIS and to be able to demonstrate at a local level a specific AKIS and the actors involved.  Need to engage with the youth from a young age and a lot of work is already ongoing in this area (for example, Food Buddies at national school level). However, divergence emerged where where secondary school level is where the messaging of agriculture can be lost, with an example emerging of secondary school teachers not wanting Agricultural science or any integration of Agriculture in their school because of their perception of its destructive nature. This needs to be addressed.  There is a time lag for young farmers from when they complete their education to actually getting the farm – so additional professional training is needed here to bridge this gap.  Knowledge sharing remains the biggest challenge, particularly from private consultants who feel they are not getting enough information to disseminate from research and demonstration farms – these links need to be strengthened to build and strengthen links within the AKIS. Key Challenges:  Knowledge sharing remains a big challenge between AKIS actors, consumers and consistent messaging but there is a cohort of farmers that do not want to engage (not specifically age related) – how do we reach these?  Need for more co-operation and collaboration across the chain and the AKIS: Building trust and transparency takes time – how to do this?  The AKIS focuses solely on agriculture but it does encompass everything rural (the ARKIS) – we must not forget the bigger picture e.g. rural development and the role of the LEADER programme in supporting rural communities & on-farm diversification.  There needs to be respect in terms of the farming community and their own knowledge. They are not just vessels looking for information - they have their own tacit knowledge, which is valuable and must be treated accordingly.  Young farmers are most likely to be innovative but how do we promote generational renewal and succession planning to get the land into their hands? Can we use the Rural Development programme?  Veterinary services can be more recognised in terms of contribution to the value chain. There is scope for more knowledge transfer using evidence-based research within this area. The AKIS currently identifies them more as a service provider, but their role knowledge transfer can be strengthened and more recognised.  Curriculums at school level are perceived as old and need to be updated – to include the whole food system, rural communities and the AKIS. Скрыть

DISCUSSION TOPIC 2: “The AKIS attracts talented people who hold the relevant attributes, skills and ambition, into exciting rewarding careers. These talents will continue to transform our food systems.” Summary Feedback: People who move into a career in agriculture are personally motivated by this and are potentially more aligned to the work they do than possibly in other careers. Therefore it is fair to conclude that most people who move into a career in agriculture want to stay in it. The group felt that a career in agriculture is attractive, exciting, flexible, progressive but that it c... Подробнееan also be very challenging, pressurised and political. High application numbers for graduate programmes was highlighted as an example of the high demand that can arise from people seeking roles in the sector. The group agreed that depending on the role you play in the sector, there can be less flexibility and pressure to have a sustainable income. In professional roles, participants agreed that roles are very diverse with many streams to work in. The group agreed that not just the skills and qualifications are important for talented people to excel and contribute meaningfully to the sector, but also the attributes and value system of the people. Workshop participants described a career today in agriculture as “good”. It has many positive features as well as some elements that need to be improved. Greater diversity & inclusion in the sector is required, better movement of talent across the AKIS and we need to continue our efforts to create clear career pathways for all the professional levels. There is a requirement for all personnel to keep up-skilling and we need to brand a career in agriculture as one where continuous professional development is the norm. Pay rates and income levels were discussed, and while participants viewed the remuneration for professional posts as good, income levels at farm level is obviously very challenging. Participants viewed that we need to promote the opportunity to join the sector at various life stages, this is a unique selling point. The group were critical of the bottlenecks that exist within the corporate sphere for women getting through the glass ceiling. At a secondary education level the group shared disappointing experiences of the lack of knowledge of career guidance to the opportunities within the sector and also to the poor offering of agricultural science in some schools, particularly all girls schools. The group offered a number of actions to improve or address the issues summarised above. A career in agriculture needs a re-branding and better profiling in schools, with parents and society at large. Many actions can be taken such as use of national TV media and also making better use of profiling the positives of a career in agri-food through social media. Short term improvements can be made by greater use of networks, this will help to build collaborations and also help with diversity. In the short and medium term we can also influence the agriculture curriculum towards the future skills that the sector requires (technology, change management, collaboration skills, managing people, marketing, finance and more). In the longer term the actors within the AKIS need to build career structure which will facilitate greater mobility, both across the sector within a country as well as across international boundaries. We need to encourage graduates to have a multi-stream of education (Ag + ICT, Ag + Marketing, Ag + Accountancy, etc.) as these hybrid graduates is what the sector needs to expand sustainably. Improvements are required to make longer term cultural changes across the sector – the sector is still quite male dominated with stereotypes that need to be challenged. The sector needs more diversity of thinking and practice in order to continue to attract a diverse talent pool. Скрыть

DISCUSSION TOPIC 3: “The AKIS should provide effective training and skills, development opportunities to enable the agri-food sector to develop sustainably”. This group discussed the aspects required to provide effective training and skills development opportunities to enable the agri-food sector to develop sustainably. There was a clear consensus from the group that sustainability in the Agri-food sector has environmental, economic, social and people elements to it. In order for the AKIS to support progress on all of these elements, every AKIS actor will need some level of training or ups... Подробнееkilling to assist farmers or producers. The AKIS must respond to the training needs of the industry. Further and higher education and training providers need to continue to include production agriculture and sustainable production practices in their programmes as core elements. It is important to recognise the need to follow on with a structured CPD programme that builds on sustainable practices. Approaches as to how less intensive farmers/producers can achieve greater efficiency from existing resources should be a new focus area. Formal and informal education and training content is very often informed by relevant research. Research policy needs to include sufficient focus on areas that will help farmers/producers to see the benefits (economic, environmental, social and people) of sustainable farming practices. The group expressed the view that some members of the AKIS such as manufacturers of farm inputs might have the potential to influence progress on environmental sustainability in particular. The group acknowledged that there may be challenges in getting a shared objective in some elements of sustainability. Education and training has a key communication role to play in achieving these shared AKIS wide objectives. The following actions were proposed to achieve an impact in this area:  Training and continual upskilling is required for all AKIS actors. The design of this training needs to be tailored to include the role that the participant can play in achieving the shared objectives around sustainable food systems.  Undergraduate training in the agri-food sector should still have a focus on production as well as an added focus on sustainability. Sustainability is a life-long learning area, and there should be an expectation that CPD will have a role throughout the career of all AKIS actors.  Farmer / producer continuous professional development in particular should be structured so that there is a progression in terms of learning. There should be mechanism to record training completed by farmers as part of this overall structure.  The group identified a gap in the current AKIS skillset or knowledge base. AKIS actors that support farmers / producers should be upskilled if required to help less intensive farmer/producers to use existing resources more effectively. This includes an ability to communicate about sustainability in a supportive and positive manner.  Formal and informal education and training content is very often informed by relevant research. Research policy needs to include sufficient focus on areas that will help farmers/producers to see the benefits (economic, environmental, social and people) of sustainable farming practices, including a new focus on efficient use of resources by less intensive producers. Dissemination of this research is key, and must be communicated so that it is applicable at farm level.  Research plays an important role in informing training and skills development. Research policy needs to include sufficient focus on sustainable farming practices. Dissemination of research messages is key, and must be communicated so that it is applicable at farm level. Скрыть

DISCUSSION TOPIC 4: “By 2030 the AKIS should be empowered by the adoption of digital and data-driven tools and technologies” Major Focus The focus of this discussion was to establish measures that could be undertaken to strengthen and empower the Agricultural Knowledge Innovation System in Ireland through the adoption of digital and data-driven tools and technologies. Main Findings A Digital Roadmap, developed using a multi-actor collaborative process and with the necessary resources, will be required along if Ireland’s AKIS is to become more digitally enabled. This Digital Roadmap will ... Подробнееneed high-level coordination if it is to be successful. This will be important given the ambitious digital policy that the EU has embarked upon. A fundamental requirement for any digital strategy is to ensure a high quality broadband infrastructure is in place throughout the country – without this, the digital divide will grow wider over time. It was clear from the discussion that digital solutions must be value driven and offer clear benefits to the end user whether it be improving environmental sustainability, time saving, increasing profitability, improving traceability, improving transparency of value distribution along the supply chain, reducing the burden of compliance with regulations or improved lifestyle. The best way to ensure long-term buy-in and trust from the end user is to develop digital solutions in collaboration with the end users using proven co-design methodologies. The group felt that there were enormous opportunities for different systems to communicate with each other particularly with the advent of technologies such as Application Programme Interfaces (API’s). Also the need to combine datasets was highlighted throughout the discussion. Actors across the AKIS need to be upskilled in the area of digital including farmers, advisors and other key actors. Farm advisors in particular should be highly digitally literate in order to support the transition to digital and act as proponents of digital. Users should be segmented based on their digital literacy. Farmers could be segmented based on age, size of farm or enterprise. Farmers can play a vital role in promoting digital and could act as digital coaches to other farmers. The discussion also highlighted the need for simplification of the array of apps and services available to the agricultural community. The concept of a trusted library of apps was proposed during the discussion. The group agreed that a lot of awareness building was needed across the AKIS and one way to address this was to established a Digital Showcase Farm that would demonstrate the latest technologies in place and could potentially act as a test bed. Financial incentives are required where capital investment in hardware is required. There is an opportunity for the agricultural investment scheme, which is operated by the Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine, to be expanded to support investments in digital at a farm level. The group identified a number of challenges/tensions: • Some farmers are defensive • Many enterprises are limited by income • Technology scares some farmers • Farmers don’t always trust processors There are opportunities from engaging with the open source community that should be exploited. In addition, digital has a lot to offer in terms of carbon accounting – Block chain technology may have a role to play here. In conclusion, there was a very positive outlook about the potential that digital and data-driven tools had to offer. Trust amongst actors was deemed to be one of the most important ingredients if AKIS-wide solutions are to be developed. This could be achieved through better co-ordination and meaningful collaboration to ensure the development of tools that present real value to end users. Скрыть

DISCUSSION TOPIC 4: Vision Statement - “High farm animal welfare standards, which are compatible with human welfare and protection of the environment, ensure prudent antimicrobial use and socially acceptable food production” The participants were in agreement on some key actions that need to be taken urgently to achieve this vision, with some divergences on the approach to be adopted. The main actions identified were better communication platforms between stakeholders involved in animal production and better use of health/performance data. A move towards more extensive/regenerative systems... Подробнее and outdoor access into current systems (e.g. for pig farms) was also highlighted. Global interventions for animal health issues to eradicate disease will be needed, as well as additional payment for animals produced to higher standards (e.g. antibiotic-free). Policy will need to change to eliminate the need for farmers to achieve economies of scale in order to make a living from farming. The key actors that need to be involved include producers, regulators, financiers of big agriculture, OIE, educators (especially on the link between welfare and performance), certification bodies and risk assessors. Consumers will need to be educated on the true cost of sustainable/welfare-friendly food, however a divergent view also emerged that consumers don’t necessarily have much power to make change – they buy what is on the shelf. Vets have a role in encouraging producers to optimise vaccination programmes to reduce risk of disease and AMU. Teagasc can also provide education on herd health and vaccination and promote transdisciplinary research to incorporate welfare measures into non-welfare projects. Processors can support better animal welfare by paying a higher price for higher standard products. Implementation of policy must be in tandem with supports and resources and communication should be improved between producers and industry (e.g. good in dairy, room for improvement in pig sector at the moment). In order to enact change, targeted education programmes for producers and processors will be needed, as well as improved labelling/certification, benchmarking of animal welfare on farms and incentives for higher standards. Research on higher welfare and performance is needed, in addition to risk assessments along the food chain. Precision livestock farming and better use of existing data were also proposed; however, technology was not seen as a panacea and may impose higher costs on farmers. The proposed actions will lead to real benefits: higher welfare systems, reduced GHG emissions and anti-microbial usage, enhanced human welfare and greater support for rural communities. Possible negative impacts include the potential emergence of new disease risks (e.g. Avian influenza) and greater biosecurity risks due to more small farms. Some challenges identified to enacting change include GDPR, which may inhibit open communication, tension between intensification and extensive farming in terms of biosecurity and lack of ownership of some of the constraints by some stakeholders. In summary, there was consensus that moving to high animal welfare production systems offers a win-win situation for all but there was concern over its seeming incompatibility with the (supposed?) intensification required to achieve food security. Novel/extensive/regenerative systems (those included in the ‘circular’ food system model) could pose new biosecurity/emerging disease threats that need to be considered as this would jeopardise the high ‘animal welfare production system’ model. Finally, incentives for farmers to change to high welfare systems are required at retail and policy level. Скрыть

DISCUSSION TOPIC 5: Vision Statement - “Technologies will play a substantial role in the provision of fair, safe and sustainable supply chains ensuring a responsible use of natural resources and a reduction of food loss and waste, making sustainability the easy choice for consumers” This discussion group focussed on the role of technology in the 2030 food system, in particular in relation to enhancing sustainability across the food chain. The participants were mostly in consensus on their discussion points, with only some divergence on particular actions to be implemented. It was agreed th... Подробнееat smart technologies have a major role to play across the full supply chain, from soil to food, and that blockchain will be an important tool for enhancing transparency in the system. Critical actions to be undertaken include identifying the gaps in knowledge, data and technology, increasing engagement and supporting education in the area. Incentives will also be required to scale-up promising approaches and tools. Divergences of opinion emerged as to the use of genetics as a tool and culling among herds to improve efficiencies. A wide range of actors will need to be mobilised to fully exploit the potential of technologies in the sector. This includes the government (Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine), state agencies (Teagasc, Irish Food Board (Bord Bia)), farmers and farm organisations, breeders (e.g. Irish Cattle Breeding Federation (ICBF)), co-operatives, consumers (especially future generations), scientists including social scientists, industry and environmental actors. Critical to implementing these actions will be financial incentives and technical support for users and support services. Demonstration of systems and data will also be important to ensure technology take-up. Communication & education forums will help to enhance engagement and up-skill different groups. Finally, citizen science, as a growing field of study, can be utilised to enhance buy-in and co-develop innovative solutions. The benefits of enacting these changes in the current food system will be to improve the value of agricultural products and to enhance efficiencies across the value chain. Economic returns can be expected through reduced labour, improved profitability and greater acceptance of livestock products. Finally, medicine use can be reduced through smart management of production systems and welfare standards improved. The participants identified contributions they could make through measurement and provision of real-time data, independent validation of methodologies and education for farmers on the use of smart technologies. The greatest tensions identified by the participants centred on how to define efficiency in livestock production systems, how to deal with inefficiencies, especially in relation to animals, and who bears the cost of these new technologies. In summary, the participants agreed that a data-driven approach is key to identifying the best return on investment but this requires collaboration. Measurement systems are required across the food supply chain, keeping in mind that transparency is important. To maximise the potential of technologies in enabling fair, safe and sustainable supply chains, concerted efforts will be required to scale up and provide targeted education, including incentives & supports. Скрыть

DISCUSSION TOPIC 6: Vision Statement - “Feed/food competition should be eliminated” This discussion group explored the topic of competition between feed and food in future agricultural systems and what role human-edible feed should have in the diet of animals. There was consensus on several discussion points but also some divergent views. It was agreed that food and feed competition should be minimised and that this should occur through optimised land management at national, EU and global level. This will require a complete re-think of how policy is implemented at these levels, e.g. climat... Подробнееe policy currently operates at national level which may increase food-feed competition. It was agreed that animals form an important part of the cycle of capturing CO2 via photosynthesis for conversion to carbohydrates for human consumption. In particular in Ireland, ruminants play a very valuable role in converting biomass that is not edible by humans, grown in areas that are not well suited to crop production. In relation to particular actions to be implemented into the future, the participants proposed that consideration should be given in national greenhouse gas emissions accounting to move to consumption-based accounting as opposed to country of production-based accounting. It was agreed that there is significant confusion among consumers – that they are lacking robust, clear, factual information from verified sources on the topic of livestock production and that actions are needed in that respect to enhance communication with consumers. Divergences of opinion emerged as to whether the land-use ratio should be employed more when evaluating ruminant production. This ratio could examine if a livestock system contributes to feed-food competition by comparing the current animal protein against the potential plant protein production from that land area and provide insights into how to optimise land-use management. There was also disagreement about whether non-ruminant production makes sense in Ireland or not in the context of feed versus food competition. To enable these actions to come to fruition, reliable data should be available to the public, including through a fact-checker website. More sophisticated branding of agricultural products providing consumers with verified information on sustainability aspects, such as energy and water use and the land-use ratio, will also be needed. There were different views among participants as to whether communication should be less based around science, and instead the opportunities presented in ruminant systems to convert forage to protein should be highlighted. Key actors that need to be mobilised to support these actions include consumers, policy makers, scientists and public agencies. The participants were divided as to whether the media should have a key role. The participants agreed that a possible impact of these actions would be the use of locally-produced by-products as feedstuffs in livestock production systems (e.g. residues of fruit or vegetables and by-products of agro-industry), with less dependence on imported protein sources. However, it was acknowledged that an “all-ruminant” island could lead to negative impacts on biodiversity. There was disagreement as to whether non-ruminant animal numbers should be capped based on the supply of these by-products. Communication on research findings would be needed to support these efforts and convert research results into implemented solutions. If ruminant production is to be prioritised in order to reduce feed/food competition, the greatest tension identified was in relation to how to support a fair transition to a livestock sector based on a single industry – alternative opportunities would have to be provided to farmers. In summary, it was agreed that we need to utilise land in a way that avoids growing food for animal consumption. There is an urgent need for verifiable, factual information for all stakeholders. Significant efforts in relation to education, communication and public engagement will therefore be needed. Finally, a fair transition is needed to create new opportunities. Скрыть

DISCUSSION TOPIC 7: Vision Statement - “All actors work together to create reliable and trustworthy sources of information rebuilding public and consumer confidence and trust in the science underpinning our sustainable food system” This discussion group explored the role of science communication in enabling a better future for food systems in 2030. The first of the key actions agreed by the participants was the need to understand the consumer and include the consumer voice in the debate. It must also be recognised that there are many different ‘publics’ with different points of view an... Подробнееd they should be involved in the co-creation of projects with societal impact. Trust in science has increased (e.g. SFI Science in Ireland Barometer 2020, IPSOS Veracity Index 2020) and we need to include more scientists in the communication, which should be underpinned by training for scientists in public communication. They should also be facilitated to allocate time to communication and receive rewards/recognition for such work. Scientists should be consistent, truthful and open in their communication and be willing to acknowledge what they don’t know, as this promotes confidence among the public. Consistent and proven proof points on sustainability issues should be developed at a national and EU level to support collaboration and build trust. Making evidence more readily available, including solid data sources and fact-checking capabilities, was also deemed critical. The key actors that will need to be mobilised to support these efforts include consumers (encompassing a ‘range of publics’), more scientists, industry, media, research institutes and universities. It was proposed to build the principle of ‘science capital’ into all aspects of communication. The potential impact of such actions would be to enhance trust in science, which has already increased during the pandemic. There was some divergence in relation to trust in science on food, however, with some perceptions that when it comes to food, other factors are at play and consumers tend to rely on other sources of information, that may not be underpinned by scientific evidence. Participants agreed that communications should be aimed at those who trust and believe in science, rather than the detractors. For some complex, emotive topics, such as animal welfare, we need to adopt a systems approach to communicating and understanding the complexity of the issues. The use of social media was an area of divergence. There was a view that agencies and scientists don’t engage enough on social media and should have clear messages. There is a need for better conversations on the science and to have more informed scientists involved in the debate. In summary, it was agreed that we need to understand the consumer better and involve the consumer voice more in the debate. We need to recognise the many different ‘publics’ with different points of view and listen to them. Consistent and proven proof points need to be developed on, e.g. environment for industry. Trust in science has increased – we need to include more scientists in the communication and be willing to say what we don’t know. Training in public communication is needed and rewards provided for allocating time to it. Data and evidence needs to be made more readily available and fact-checking facilities created. Скрыть

The greatest divergences of opinion that emerged during the Dialogue were in relation to how we can optimise the contribution of the livestock sector in the future to a sustainable and equitable food system providing safe, healthy and nutritious food to consumers. At the system level, livestock production was discussed in terms of sustainability goals and intensification and how to achieve a balance. Some participants felt intensification should be limited until we can determine whether it can be done within sustainability boundaries, while others suggested it should be balanced with farm inco... Подробнееme. Culling among herds to improve efficiencies was another divisive issue that emerged. There were also differences of opinion on the use of genetics as a tool. Within livestock systems, there was debate regarding ruminant and non-ruminant animal production. Participants had differing views as to whether non-ruminant production makes sense in the future in Ireland if we are to optimise our land use. Some felt that the land-use ratio should be employed more when evaluating ruminant production in order to assess whether livestock systems contribute to food-feed competition, as well as over-dependence on feed imports. Another area of divergence related to empowering consumers with the information needed to make sustainable and nutritious decisions. Participants differed on how to measure and communicate the nutritiousness and sustainability of livestock products and also whether increased consumption of animal production should be promoted from a nutritional perspective. There was also some discussion as to whether we should adopt a more plant-based diet and minimise livestock or not. It was agreed that efforts are needed to educate consumers on the true cost of sustainable/welfare-friendly food, however, some participants felt that consumers don’t necessarily have much power to make change – it depends what is available for them to buy. While it was agreed that trust in science had increased, in particular during the pandemic, some participants felt that other factors come into play in relation to food and that consumers tend to rely on other sources of information that may not be underpinned by scientific evidence. Finally, social media emerged as a major topic for debate in the Discussion Groups following the keynote presentation by Prof. Luke O’Neill on communicating science and engaging the public. Some participants felt that scientists don’t engage enough in social media and have an important role to play in dispelling misinformation and providing clear, factual messages underpinned by scientific evidence. However, others felt that social media does not provide a forum for balanced debate and is often used to discredit or undermine scientific consensus. Скрыть

Livestock production systems are an essential part of the EU and global food system and can convert feed that is inedible for humans into food. In Ireland, livestock production is a major part of the agricultural sector, with over 90% of total agricultural area dedicated to grass production for ruminant grazing and feed. The sector supports the livelihoods and economies of regions, contributes to rural vitality in particular in marginal areas and is an intrinsic part of the cultural landscape. Sustainable livestock farming can make an important contribution to climate change mitigation and bio... Подробнееdiversity protection, however many questions arise that have room for debate as we consider the role of livestock production in our future food system. Given the socio-economic importance of the sector to Ireland and the general debate in Europe surrounding meat consumption as part of future sustainable diets, the theme of this Dialogue was the “role of livestock in developing a sustainable food system”, encompassing the entire food chain from farm to fork in a systems perspective. In selecting this broad topic, many societal issues of importance are evoked, including economic viability of rural communities, social vitality and resilience, environmental protection and enhancement, consumer decision-making and empowerment. Furthermore, all of the UN Food Systems Summit Levers of Change have relevance (gender, human rights, finance and innovation). With this in mind, seven topics within this broad theme were elaborated which focus on critical aspects or enablers of future sustainable livestock production systems: 1. Livestock products as part of a healthy diet 2. Rural livelihoods 3. Environmental sustainability 4. Animal welfare and anti-microbial resistance 5. Technologies for the future 6. Food versus feed competition 7. Communicating science Each of the Discussion Groups elaborated a vision for 2030 based on their theme, drawing on a diverse group of participants from across the food system to consider the actions and actors needed to realise this ambitious vision. Prior to the Discussion Groups, excellent keynote presentations were made by two eminent scientists: Dr. Jean-Louis Peyraud, Deputy Scientific Director at INRAE (French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment) and Prof. Luke O’Neill, Professor of Biochemistry and an immunologist at Trinity College Dublin. These scientists framed the Dialogue and provoked some discussion points on the role of livestock in sustainable food systems, as well as the challenges of communicating science and combatting misinformation. Скрыть

Livestock production systems will continue to make a critical contribution towards the European diet and agricultural sector in 2030. However, significant efforts are needed to ensure that safe, nutritious and affordable food produced in environmentally sustainable systems is available and enjoyed by all, rural livelihoods and areas are protected and value is distributed equitably. This Dialogue discussed many different aspects of livestock as part of a sustainable food system, incorporating views from across the research, farming/producers, NGOs, industry, business and policy communities. It ... Подробнееidentified three key action areas or enablers of change which need to be implemented in the next years to achieve a more sustainable food system. Firstly, the policy system will need to evolve to deliver better outcomes for farmers and society. This should include supports to incentivise and remunerate farmers for both food and ecosystem services, encourage environmentally-friendly farming and support high-welfare systems. A coherent rural or land-use policy (across agriculture, forestry, energy, environment, rural development, local planning policy) is urgently required to promote holistic governance and coherent decision-making. This will help to avoid, for example, growing food for animal consumption and optimise land use and management towards sustainability goals. Targeted supports will be needed to ensure a fair and just transition and open up new opportunities for farmers, enterprises and artisan producers. Support for the diversity of emerging sustainable livelihood strategies will be critical, including education and training, as well as demonstration and scaling up of innovative approaches. Generational renewal will need to be reinforced, providing support for young people including women and new entrants. Policy supports to ensure the market generates a fair return to producers will be critical also if more sustainable, and possibly more costly, products are to dominate. A second key enabler of change centers on the idea of ‘knowledge fueling action’. This relates to leveraging science, research, collaboration, data and new technologies to enhance decision-making among all of the actors in the food chain and in policy. This will include measurement systems across the food chain to track progress and enhance transparency. Better labelling of food products, including nutrition and sustainability credentials, will empower consumers to make informed and healthy choices. Knowledge for society will be needed to communicate the transformations led by farmers to enhance environmental indicators and animal health and welfare in sustainable farms. Knowledge for adoptive and adaptive capacity will support rural livelihoods through enterprise evolution and transformation. Knowledge for policy will ensure that decision-making is founded on the scientific evidence base. Finally, change must be supported by public discourse involving many voices that bring diverse perspectives and science-based evidence. Consumers need to be better understood and their voice brought more into the debate, recognising that there are many different ‘publics’ with differing views. Clearer communication and messaging is needed with consumers, which will require a greater level of consensus and collaboration across the whole food system. As seen during the Covid-19 crisis, scientists remain a trusted source of information for society and they will need to play an ever increasing role in public discourse to ensure that data and evidence on food systems is available and easily understood. Скрыть

DISCUSSION TOPIC 1: Vision Statement - “Livestock products will contribute to healthy diets” This discussion focussed on the role of livestock food products in healthy and sustainable diets in 2030. There was general consensus on the desired outcomes to achieve the vision, but some divergence as to the pathways and specific actions. Among the actions identified was the need for consumers to adopt national healthy eating guidelines. To support this, clear communication with understandable, simplistic definitions will be needed, as well as labelling to empower consumers. More science-based f... Подробнееacts should be available to consumers and education on healthy and sustainable food consumption needs to be supported from an early age. A focus on dietary patterns rather than individual components will also be important. There was divergence of opinion among the participants as to (i) how to measure and communicate the nutritiousness and sustainability of livestock products, (ii) whether we should adopt a more plant-based diet and minimise livestock or not and (iii) whether increased consumption of animal production should be promoted from a nutritional perspective. It was agreed that mobilisation of key actors along the food chain will be needed, including citizens/consumers, state and national regulatory authorities, celebrities, farmers and fishers, the national food board (Bord Bia), chefs and retailers. Some divergences emerged as to the need for food processors and manufacturers to be involved. Some critical factors for enabling progress towards healthy and sustainable diets were identified. It was agreed that the message to consumers should be simple and that greater awareness of the connections between food and health and also national guidelines be fostered. Two enabling technologies were identified as important: digital labelling identifying beneficial nutrients in unpackaged/unprocessed foods (particularly those we are deficient in) and nutritional analysis of the entire shopping basket (phone-based app based on scanned produce). The participants proposed that they could support these changes by ensuring a greater level of consensus on core messages, by embedding healthy food and nutrition in institutional structures and by seeking out common ground and building on it. It was proposed that cooperation between the relevant government ministries (Department of Agriculture, Food & the Marine and Department of Health) be strengthened and that efforts be reinforced to work towards agreement on the national 2030 Agri-Food Strategy. The participants identified some tension points in the progress towards healthy and sustainable diets with regard to opposing views on nutrition, for example, in relation to the findings of the EAT-Lancet report. Consensus and collaboration between the two relevant government departments should also be improved in terms of food labelling and dietary recommendations. In summary, the group strongly agreed that clearer communication is essential for enacting change in our diets and that a greater level of consensus & collaboration is urgently required, based around a single, succinct message within the food system. The importance of labelling in empowering consumers to make informed and healthy choices is also critical. Some challenges/tensions can be expected however. In certain cases, farmers are seen as the problem and not part of the solution. New entrants to dairy production are also constrained by growing environmental regulation. In relation to afforestation, barriers to adoption include its permanence, loss of social welfare pension and ineligibility for Farm Assist. A lack of focus on older person in relation to farm partnerships was also highlighted. In terms of organic and artisan food production, there is a lack of focus on market development. There is a critical need for markets to generate a fair return to producers if development of sustainable livestock systems is to be successful. Finally, coherent rural / land use policy (across agriculture, forestry, energy, environment, rural development, local planning policy) is urgently required. Скрыть

DISCUSSION TOPIC 2: Vision Statement - “Development of sustainable farm livelihoods by equipping farmers and farm households with the transformative capabilities to adapt their enterprise and household strategies to the evolving natural, technological and policy environment, in producing and marketing food and providing public goods” This discussion focused on ensuring sustainable and resilient rural livelihoods in the future agricultural production and food system. A wide range of topics were discussed with strong consensus, resulting in three main outcomes. Due to the complexity of the i... Подробнееssues for farmers and farm households (different viability challenges for different cohorts (age, system, region)), it was agreed that actions must involve systems solutions. Collaborative approaches with farmers at the centre, e.g. EIP-Agri in new CAP, will also be needed. It will be important to develop stakeholder capacity to innovate in the area of smart, green growth and to match resources for skills development with local need to support remote areas having low employment opportunities. In terms of supports, two key areas were identified: (i) support for well-serviced resilient rural communities, including investment in rural broadband and community supports, and (ii) supports for inclusive farm generational renewal. All rural stakeholders should be involved, with farmers at the centre of solutions. Rural communities, research, education, extension providers and rural supports will need to be mobilised. Furthermore, ‘Our Rural Future’, the Irish government’s new policy for the post-COVID-19 recovery and development of rural Ireland should be implemented through an ‘all-of-government’ approach. Key factors in bringing these actions to fruition were discussed. Greater diversification opportunities for livestock farmers will be critical, including enterprise change, innovation and adaption, as well as value-added farm processing and direct selling. Market development support is needed for the latter to be realised. Greater support for vulnerable farm families has to be provided, and more support for women in agriculture (access to land/capital, more options for retirement/partnership). Farm families will also need to have better, more flexible off-farm employment opportunities, in particular attractive employment opportunities in well-serviced rural digital hubs. The group identified several benefits of taking such actions. Adopting a systems approach will support a move from silo thinking to bringing all elements together. These actions will also support capacity development, leading to diffusion of learning among rural communities. Digitalisation can bring multiple benefits across the entire food system. More adaptable, resilient local economies and food systems will also be enabled. To support these actions, it was agreed that for farmers/farmer networks and advisors, mentors will be critical to supporting young farmers, farm and non-farm diversification, partnerships/collaborative arrangements and succession. Training and development agencies can support capacity development through knowledge exchange, training and upskilling/reskilling. The development of ‘community ecosystems’ were seen as an important step, as well as the promotion of innovation and good practice through case studies. In summary, the group agreed three elements for sustainable rural livelihoods in 2030. Firstly, there must be support for the diversity of emerging sustainable livelihood strategies, including maximising productivity/ efficiency from a single enterprise, portfolios of farm enterprises (including the environmental enterprise) and a blend of farm/non-farm activities. Secondly, knowledge exchange and capacity development will be critical: knowledge for policy measures and for society – communicating the transformations led by farmers to enhance air and animal health and welfare, water quality, biodiversity, carbon sequestration and knowledge for adoptive and adaptive capacity, through enterprise evolution and transformation. Finally, generational renewal needs to be reinforced through access to land for younger people and succession support. Скрыть