استكشاف الملاحظات الرسمية للحوار

There was no marked observation on the areas of divergence.

Government of Nepal, National Planning Commission (NPC), organized the provincial Food Systems Dialogue of Karnali Province on 27th June 2021 on the theme Nepal towards an equitable, resilient and sustainable food system. Hon. Dr Krishna Prasad Oli delivered the welcome and opening remarks. Dr. Rajendra Prasad Mishra, Secretary Ministry of Land Management, Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOLMAC) and Provincial Dialogue Curator curated the dialogues. Major focus of the dialogue was to engage stakeholders for a comprehensive exploration of food systems in Nepal as part of the process for the UN Fo... قراءة المزيدod Systems Summit 2021. The specific objectives of the dialogue were to; • raise awareness and promote public discussion on the food systems, • examine current situation and identify key aspects of Nepalese food systems, such as the drivers, actions, pathways, and • explore opportunities for food system to make it equitable, sustainable and resilient. Total of 100 participants attended the event representing different stakeholder groups, background, institutions, and professions. In order to generate focused dialogues and collect the specific inputs, participants were assigned to respective Action Track (AT) Groups after a brief opening session in the plenary. The AT coordinators, facilitators, co-facilitators, and rapporteurs facilitated the dialogue process and documented the discussion outcomes. Each AT Group had proposition and reference questions to engage in dialogue and provide inputs as follows: AT 1 Proposition: Increased agriculture productivity and develop sustainable food chain for affordable safe, healthy, and nutritious diet to improve levels of nutrition, ensure all people to be well nourished and healthy and achieve zero hunger. AT2 Proposition: Enabling, inspiring and motivating people to enjoy healthy and sustainable consumption options; Slashing food loss and waste; and transitioning to a circular economy through advancing in technological, environmental, economic, social, regulatory, and institutional fronts. AT3 Proposition: Protect natural ecosystems from new deforestation and conversion for food and feed production; manage sustainably existing food production systems; restore degraded ecosystems and rehabilitate soil function for sustainable food production. AT4 Proposition: Developing inclusive and diverse food systems that contribute to the elimination of poverty and food and nutrition insecurity by creating jobs, raising incomes across food value chains; protecting and enhancing cultural and social capital; reducing risks for the poorest and increasing value distribution. AT5 Proposition: Developing inclusive and equitable food systems to ensure that all people within a food system are empowered to prepare for, withstand, and recover from instability and participate in a food system that, despite shocks and stressors, delivers food security, nutrition, and equitable livelihoods for all. AT6: Referring to the overarching legal document developed based on the constitutional provision, Right to Food and Food Sovereignty Act (2018), is considered as a legal framework. Hence, this Act and related policies are the key to strengthen food system governance and accountability and transform food system that is resilient, equitable and sustainable. Dialogue reference questions: Following 5 questions were presented to the participants to facilitate the dialogue: 1. What are the underlying causes/ barriers for achieving the stated proposition? 2. What are the key drivers of unsustainable food system? 3. What actions in the next 3 years will have greatest impact on the Discussion Topic? 4. How will it be possible to tell if these actions are being successful? 5. What are the role and responsibilities of the food system actors including those of the federal, provincial, and local Governments in sustainable food system transformation in Nepal? قراءة القليل

The provincial dialogue provided opportunity to engage participants from different agencies, sectors, and disciplines including the government, academia, researcher, farmers’ organization, civil societies and private sectors from different parts of the country. During the dialogue, critical discussions were held to examine the provincial food systems to understand potential causes/barriers and drivers and generate ideas to decide bold actions for the next 3 years. Indeed, this will be further verified and refined after the feedback from the Provincial, and second and third national dialogues... قراءة المزيد. Five Action Tracks and one cross cutting lever of change were the Discussion Topics. Following the constitutional provision, cross cutting lever of change was selected as the Right to Food and Food Sovereignty Act as a legal framework for the sustainable food system in Nepal. Hence, six groups rigorously discussed on these topics following the ATs propositions and reference questions mentioned in Section A above. Relevant officials of the Government of Nepal had chaired the groups, while the thematic experts from the government and non-government sectors had facilitated the discussions, and designated rapporteurs from different agencies had documented the discussion points. Whole exercise was concluded with big team efforts. The dialogue also collected some learning to reflect impression and work further on as following: 1. Some participants were new to virtual meetings (attending the session using online platform to participate in specific groups); 2. Less no. of participation from industries and value chains (actors). 3. The issues were well understood by the participants, which were common for some of the ATs. Drivers of change and actions mentioned were also common to some tracks. 4. There was a common understanding among the working groups about the role and responsibilities of the three spheres of the government in Nepal, in terms of formulating policies, regulations, education, and their implementation. Participants suggested to draw clear delineation of the roles and responsibilities of the three spheres of government. 5. There was strong commitment from the stakeholders to address the issues of access to food, nutrition, distribution and effective implementation of policies and regulations. Overall, participants had actively engaged in different groups to exchange and share ideas and potential actions for analyzing and improving the Nepalese food system in general and provincial food system in particular. Some potential and emerging issues were identified and validated; the dialogue was also helpful in raising awareness and elevating public discussion on key food system issues and identify potential options and solutions for making food system inclusive, resilient and sustainable (refer Section C below). قراءة القليل

Discussion Topic AT 1: Ensure safe and nutritious food for all Context: The cereal grain availability is fluctuating due to variations in production; per capita availability has reached from 194 Kg (2001/02) to 237 Kg (2017/18); 48.2% households are food secure, whereas 10% are severely food insecure. Percentage of severely food insecure households are more in rural areas (11.7%) than in urban (8.8%), the percentage is highest in Karnali Province (17.5%) followed by Sudurpaschim (13%) and Province-2 (10.7%). Situation of nutrition has improved over the period of 1996 to 2019: stunting decrease... قراءة المزيدd from 57 to 32%, underweight 42 to 24, and wasting from 15 to 12%. Underlying causes affecting the stated proposition: Locally available nutritious crops/foods getting less importance; biodiversity/cultural diversity not promoted. No focus on micronutrients; poor nutrition including breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices; many families do not have access to nutrient rich foods; growing burden of non-communicable diseases; divergence between nutrition and WASH programmes due to lack of coherence between food security and nutrition sectors. Underlying Barriers for Achieving the Stated Proposition: • Lack of access to production inputs including irrigation • Emergence and attack of new pests like army worm • No profits and margins to the stakeholders involved in value chains. • Lack of storage and value adding infrastructures. • Difficult terrain of Karnali province. • No proper conservation, consumption and marketing of indigenous/local crops and commodities • Indigenous/Traditional skills and knowledge not utilized properly • No scientific validation of Indigenous/Traditional practices • Poor adoption of time specific/context specific technologies • Inadequate nutrition security and food diversification • Discriminatory behavior and discrimination in distribution of food • No proper identification of climate adaptive crops/commodities for production and marketing • Lack of proactiveness of the committees concerned with food and nutrition • Inadequate skilled agricultural manpower at province and local level • Inadequacy of financial resources • Low availability at the local level and poor economic and physical access to food • Occurrence of natural disasters and diseases • Less priority to agriculture by all three tiers of governments and poor coordination among them Actions for three years: • Regulation/control of junk/ultra-processed foods • Food fortification to increase the consumption of micro-nutrients • Provide seed capital for youth-targeted programs to promote entrepreneurship. • Food fairs, demonstrations, and promotional programs • Promote integrated food value chains • Increasing the crop and livestock insurance coverage • Demonstration of food nutrition baskets/local recipe • Documentation and mapping of indigenous crops/commodities and prepare food consumption guidelines • Development of agricultural infrastructures • Home-based/local based school meal program • Culinary education at schools and community • Publication about the status of agriculture and food security • Documentation and dissemination of knowledge about the production and consumption of alternative food products • Managing agricultural technicians at Municipal level and maintaining information desk • Enhancing the capacity of farmers and cooperatives • Protect crops from wild animals. Assessing the success of Action: • Inclusive Planning • Strengthening Monitoring system • Progress reporting and auditing • Delineate clear roles and responsibility and develop accountability mechanism. • Organize learning sharing sessions. • Strong coordination among three tiers of the governments and other stakeholders Roles and Responsibilities of governments and other stakeholders: • Proactiveness of the committees concerned with food and nutrition. • Effective implementation of multisectoral nutrition program • Priority to agricultural sector in plans, policies, and budget allocation • Agricultural pockets development based on the potentiality and allocate required budget. • Formulate food and nutrition policy at province and local level. قراءة القليل

Discussion Topic AT2: Shift to sustainable consumption patterns. Context: About 4.6 million people are food insecure in Nepal; Prevalence of triple burden of malnutrition-under nutrition, overweight/ obesity, and micronutrient deficiency. Stunting, wasting and low weight in children contributing to 52 percent of child mortality; obesity among children and adolescents has increased by 29 times in the past four decades. Underlying causes affecting the stated proposition: Change in dietary pattern characterized by two-meal-rice (per capita rice consumption increased by nearly 70% in 50 years). Di... قراءة المزيدetary shift towards unhealthy processed foods high in saturated and trans-fat, salt and sugar neglecting nutritious indigenous crop-based foods. Underlying Barriers for Achieving the Stated Proposition: • Ineffective execution of Acts and regulations • Lack of awareness, high reproductive rate, lack of food diversification • High use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides that have negative impact. • Problem with culture and traditions • No value addition of food products and no proper utilization of food grains. • Inadequate infrastructures like roads and storage facilities • Inadequate technologies for food processing and value addition • Lack of promotion of local food products • Lack of research and studies and less use of indigenous seeds • Inadequate promotion of fruits available in the province • No clear policy for local seeds, replacement of local seeds of food grains by imported seeds • Lack of research of different nutrition required for different age groups, women, and youths. • No mechanism developed and enforced for behavioral change and it is not linked with education and training. • Marketing of junk food whereas Himalayan food system is not attractive. Actions for three years: • Sharing of policies formulated by federal, provincial and local governments. • Managing the export of locally produced apple and beans through government and private procurement • Programs to promote low volume high value products • Prioritize for agro-ecological tourism (Rara, Shey Phoksundo etc.) and their promotion • Effective implementation of school feeding program with high priority, adoption costed menu of food • Considering the NCD in adults, give attention to hygienic food product consumption. • Discourage the use of pesticides and promote the organic products • Improve the child nutrition by diversifying the balanced diet menu • Conservation of wetlands for increasing crop productivity • Promote Nutrition education at the school level by developing curriculum • Establish linkage of local products with markets • Programs for collection, processing and value addition, production, and marketing of NTFPs • Establish fair (subsidized) shops targeting poor and vulnerable communities. • Proper management of people living in the pasture areas and encourage them for livestock raising • Branding of organic production and marketing them in major cities • Increase access with Tibet for the sale of locally produced commodities. • Establishment of cold stores and cold chains • Promote environment-friendly agriculture and prioritize the production and use of organic pesticides at the local level • Promotion of local crops like chino (chino millet), kaguno (foxtail millet) and other local products Assessing the success of Action: • Develop strong monitoring system • Social auditing of the implemented programs • Monitoring of the nutritive value and expiry date of food products • Regular reporting and feedback mechanism • Research and continuous studies Role of Governments and other Stakeholders: • Transform sustainable consumption of foods in collaboration of three tiers of governments • Provision of necessary legal aspect and policies • Wider sharing and dissemination of policies among the stakeholders • Mobilization of local farmers for sustainable production of foods by the local government • Collection and management of statistics by the local government and request for needed support from the province • Identification of production pockets by the local government • Promote drip irrigation system in rainfed/water deficient area قراءة القليل

Relativement à l’accessibilité et la disponibilité.- En effet, certains participants ont reproché au débat d’avoir été trop centré sur l’accessibilité alors qu’Haïti, ne produisant pas assez de denrées pour subvenir au besoin de la population, se voit contrainte de se plier aux exigences de la production massive primordialement. D’autres considèrent que même en cas de disponibilités suffisantes, on peut être dans l'insécurité alimentaire si les produits disponibles ne sont pas accessibles à cause des contraintes diverses. Sur cette base, la question de l'accessibili... قراءة المزيدté alimentaire a été abordée sous un triple angle permettant de prendre en compte, d'une part, l'état actuel du niveau d'accès physique aux aliments ce qui réfère à la disponibilité des produits de consommation et, d'autre part, les facteurs et conditions influençant le niveau d'accès aux aliments sur le plan monétaire mettant en relief les systèmes de protection sociale. قراءة القليل

a) Thème majeur : Les transformations des systèmes alimentaires pour l’atteinte des ODD L’atelier de concertation étant un espace de débat et de résolutions qui permettra au gouvernement haïtien de s'engager dans les questions de construction de systèmes alimentaires durables dans leur ensemble, le thème majeur de la concertation aborde l’impérieuse nécessité de transformer les systèmes alimentaires pour l’atteinte des ODD. Il s’agit d’une étude complète qui prend en compte les différents enjeux et questions clés en lien avec l’atteinte des ODD. Le cadre de réfé... قراءة المزيدrence, qui suit, nous aligne sur les enjeux nutritionnels, socioéconomiques et environnementaux à la recherche de solutions durables et d’engagement. Des réponses aux différentes questions permettent une analyse profonde des différents aspects de la Sécurité alimentaire et Nutritionnelle (SAN) en Haïti. Cadre de référence 1- Enjeux nutritionnel : Eradiquer la faim et assurer la santé nutritionnelle de manière durable  Quels sont les besoins alimentaires (Produits vivriers, protéines animales, fruits et légumes, etc) actuels de la population ?  Comment combler les déficits actuels en matière de production ? Pistes de réflexion : toutes les politiques/actions pour agir sur les contraintes à la croissance de la production alimentaire ?  Comment organiser les industries de transformation pour répondre à ces besoins alimentaires ?  Comment limiter ou contrer les variations saisonnières dans les disponibilités alimentaires ?  Quels systèmes permettent de garantir la conformité aux normes de sécurité et de qualité des denrées ou des produits transformés ?  Comment organiser la logistique de distribution ?  Quelles sont les habitudes/préférences alimentaires de ménages ?  Comment porter les ménages à changer d’habitudes alimentaires et quels sont les enjeux qui y sont associés ?  Comment rendre accessibles les aliments produits aux groupes les plus vulnérables ? 2- Enjeu socioéconomique : Stimuler une croissance inclusive à partir des transformations structurelles de la chaine d’approvisionnement alimentaire  Comment développer l’’industrie des intrants agricoles (machines et équipements; fertilisants et pesticides et l’industrie d’équipements pour la transformation (machines, outils etc), les industries d’emballage ?  Comment intégrer / connecter les petites, les moyennes et les grandes entreprises dans la chaine de distribution alimentaire ?  Quelles politiques d’infrastructures de distribution (moyens de stockage/conservation, de transports ?)  Comment stimuler les investissements privés (investissements locaux et investissements étrangers ? directs) dans la transformation structurelle de la chaine d’approvisionnement alimentaire ?  Quelles politiques fiscales, commerciales et financières pour soutenir la transformation de la chaine d’approvisionnement ?  Quelles politiques de régulation compatibles à la transformation de la chaine d’approvisionnement alimentaire (législation qui encadre la concurrence) ?  Quelles politiques de formation professionnelle pour soutenir ces changements structurels ?  Comment intégrer la problématique de genre dans la transformation de la chaine d’approvisionnement ?  Quelles politiques de protection sociales pour les travailleurs dans la chaine d’approvisionnement alimentaire ? 3- Enjeux environnementaux : Promouvoir des comportements responsables dans la transformation de la chaine alimentaire  Comment la dégradation de l’environnement et les changements climatiques affectent les systèmes alimentaires actuels ?  Quelles politiques d’adaptation aux changements climatiques ?  Quelles politiques de protection et de restauration des écosystèmes naturels ?  Quelles normes environnementales qui régissent les comportements des acteurs tout au long de la chaine d’approvisionnement ?  Comment protéger les groupes les plus vulnérables contre les effets des changements climatiques majeurs ? قراءة القليل

Les principaux résultats issus de la concertation sont en grande majorité en lien avec l’amélioration de la gouvernance des systèmes alimentaires. La gouvernance apparait comme un élément transversal touchant à tous les volets et à tous les niveaux d’intervention de la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle. Il conviendra de :  Relever le déficit de coordination des interventions de développement de la production agricole appuyées par des organisations nationales et internationales et d’accélérer la mise en œuvre des PCD (plans communaux de développement) élaborés p... قراءة المزيدour les communes du département.  Combler les gaps institutionnels et le manque de leadership administratif et technique des représentations départementales du MARNDR (Ministère de l’Agriculture, des Ressources Naturelles et du Développement Rural), et du MDE (Ministère de l’Environnement) dans le département du Centre et de réduire l’influence de la masse critique de produits alimentaires importés de la République Dominicaine entrainant la démobilisation progressive des agriculteurs locaux face à l’activité agricole.  Réguler la question de la situation foncière en prenant en compte les revendications d’organisations paysannes victimes d’expropriation et en empêchant l’utilisation peu rationnelle de grandes superficies à vocation agricole vacantes ou occupées par des entreprises peu rentables pour l’économie de la zone.  Corriger les mauvaises habitudes alimentaires constatées au sein de la population qui résultent surtout d’un manque d'éducation et d’information en matière nutritionnelle par des éléments de réponse comme : un travail de sensibilisation de masse notamment à travers les médias, des rencontres avec des groupes socioprofessionnels ainsi que l’organisation de séminaires de formation et d’orientation destinés aux jeunes et aux enfants d’âge scolaire. Cela implique un accompagnement de proximité des instances impliquées comme le MSPP et MEF.  Garantir la protection sociale des groupes vulnérables (handicapés, femmes seules, familles monoparentales pauvres, jeunes démunis, paysans sans terre et sans métier, les exclus en général), via des programmes de protection et de sécurité sociale sur le moyen et le long terme, des programmes d'accompagnement de proximité allant de repas journaliers, de soins de santé gratuits, d'emplois temporaires et durables, jusqu'à la construction de centres collectifs d'hébergement et la mise à disposition de terres de l'État à des groupes vulnérables pour l'agriculture. Ces programmes concerneraient au premier chef le ministère des affaires sociales avec l'implication des autres structures chacune en ce qui la concerne, ainsi que les collectivités territoriales et les sociétés civiles locales. قراءة القليل

Accessibilité de tous à des aliments sains et nutritifs L'accessibilité alimentaire renvoie à l'ensemble des moyens permettant à la population, le ménage ou l'individu d'obtenir la nourriture disponible. L’accessibilité à des aliments sains, de son coté, introduit la partie non strictement alimentaire de la sécurité alimentaire, à savoir les conditions faisant que si l’alimentation est consommée, son utilisation physiologique aboutit à une satisfaction des besoins alimentaires. Il s’agit notamment de l’aspect nutritionnel de qualité qui englobe l’accès à l’eau pota... قراءة المزيدble, l’assainissement et la disponibilité de services de santé, toutes étant des conditions requises pour qu’une personne puisse rester en bonne santé et utiliser pleinement les aliments consommés. Ainsi, se référant à la notion d’utilisation qui recouvre également la qualité et la sécurité des aliments en vue d’un régime alimentaire équilibré et sûr, les propositions de stratégies d’action, issues de cette concertation, incluent : • les aspects physiques reliés à la disponibilité effective des produits propres à la consommation et aux réseaux de distribution de ces produits, • les aspects socio-économiques reliés en particulier aux moyens d'existence et aux dispositifs de protection et d'aide sociale, • Les aspects de droit des consommateurs qui recoupent les prix des produits versus le pouvoir d'achat des gens. Les organes étatiques comme le MARNDR, MAST, MSPP et le MCI ont été identifiés comme porteurs de dossiers. Ils seront corrélés par des organismes locaux capables d’assurer l’autosuffisance alimentaire dans les principales filières de production agroalimentaires (filière céréale et féculents, filières tubercules, filière protéines animales, filière fruits et légumes, filière sucrerie et filières boissons), de mettre en place une politique de contrôle de qualité alimentaires et de respect des normes nutritionnelles. Le MSPP procèdera à la mise en place d’un vaste programme d’éducation nutritionnelle et de mécanismes de surveillance de la qualité des produits mis en circulation. Le MCI veillera à la stabilité des prix des produits alimentaires de base garantissant ainsi le respect des droits des consommateurs. Le MAST, par la mise en place des filets de protection sociale, au profit des groupes les plus vulnérables, réduira leur niveau de vulnérabilité. قراءة القليل

Modes de consommation et de production durables Nos systèmes alimentaires actuels sont loin de contribuer à une consommation et production responsables. Les opérations et/ou les comportements au niveau de la chaine d’approvisionnement alimentaire ont des impacts environnementaux négatifs tant en milieu rural qu’en milieu urbain. Des mesures de redressement s’imposent. Fort de ce constat, la concertation sur cette thématique indique la nécessité d’une réforme du secteur de l’énergie dans certaines filières de production et de consommation. Cela sous-tend : la promotion de la... قراءة المزيد conscience environnementale de la population, la mise en place d’un programme de valorisation des déchets dans la chaine d’approvisionnement et des changements dans l’énergie utilisée pour la cuisson domestique et dans les activités routinières comme la blanchisserie, les boulangeries etc. Par ailleurs la pêche, l’élevage ont été identifiés comme un moyen sûr et incontournable de production durable. Le développement des lacs collinaires et l’encadrement des éleveurs ont fait beaucoup d’écho. Il revient au MARNDR d’établir une politique de pêche et de chasse, de mettre en place un programme de développement des produits agro-forestiers et un programme de développement de la pêche durable et d’inciter les agriculteurs à utiliser des variétés végétales ou animales pouvant s’adapter au changement climatique. قراءة القليل

No se puede hablar de sistemas alimentarios, considerando solo los aspectos productivos, comercialización y distribución, es vital tener presente que estos alimentos van a diferentes grupos poblacionales, con necesidades y hábitos alimentarios particulares, donde la intervención de la mujer es crucial es los patrones de consumo, producción, compra y distribución, no solo en el hogar, sino en el mismo sistema alimentario global. Así como también es necesaria la participación de los pueblos indígenas a fin de recordar nuestras raíces y cultura alimentaria ancestral. Para nuestro diál... قراءة المزيدogo se discutió acerca del Sistema alimentario desde la visión estratégica de Pueblos indígenas, Mujer, juventud y deporte, las acciones que desde esos espacios han desarrollado para lograr equidad y justicia social desde los últimos 4 años, ante el bloqueo y guerra económica por la cual atraviesa nuestro país. ¿Cuáles son los problemas? y ¿cómo se pueden solucionar?, con la finalidad de lograr la alimentación como un derecho para toda la población, con mayor énfasis en la construcción colectiva para alternativas conducentes a la justicia social. Los temas abordados fueron: 1) Reflexiones de enfoque de género sobre los Sistemas Alimentarios Sostenibles 2) Reflexiones de los Pueblos Indígenas sobre los Sistemas Alimentarios Sostenibles 3) Reflexiones de las y los Jóvenes en la transformación de los Sistemas Alimentarios Sostenibles 4) Participación de Vocerías territoriales قراءة القليل

En la mesa 1 sobre Reflexiones de enfoque de género sobre los Sistemas Alimentarios Sostenibles se identificó como tema central las consecuencias del bloqueo económico que ha ocasionado grandes heridas en la población venezolana, principalmente en el ámbito alimentario y nutricional, impactando el derecho a la alimentación en los grupos vulnerables. Así como la participación creativa y amorosa de la mujer como pilar fundamental para enfrentar esta situación. En la mesa 2 Reflexiones de los Pueblos Indígenas sobre los Sistemas Alimentarios Sostenibles Las diferentes poblaciones indíg... قراءة المزيدenas has sido víctimas de la cruel guerra económica que atraviesa nuestro país, donde la disponibilidad de combustible ha limitado el cumplimiento de las rutas de distribución de alimentos, así el arrime de sus productos para la comercialización e intercambio. En la mesa 3 Reflexiones de las y los Jóvenes en la transformación de los Sistemas Alimentarios Sostenibles Se identificó como problema principal la falta de cartografía que permita la cuantificación de las tierras versus la relación de necesidades para fomentar e iniciar procesos productivos y la formación de los jóvenes en materia agroalimentaria para su incorporación al plan productivo. En la mesa 4 sobre Participación de Vocerías territoriales La vocería planteo lo que han venido desarrollando desde sus territorios para convertir la guerra económica en grandes oportunidades, donde lo más valioso e importante ha sido el rescate de la cultura alimentaria ancestral y los cambios de patrones de consumo por hábitos más sanos y saludables. قراءة القليل

Conclusión de la mesa 1. Reflexiones de enfoque de género sobre los Sistemas Alimentarios Sostenibles El Poder Popular organizado, comunas y plataforma de la Mujer, han sido un pilar fundamental en la participación protagónica para enfrentar la guerra económica y sus consecuencias, las mujeres han diseñado, rescatado y ejecutado menús, platos alternativos, con rubros soberanos, innovadores y sabrosos que permiten la alimentación de sus integrantes de la familia. Así como, también su participación en los programas de atención social desarrollados por el Gobierno Bolivariano que no h... قراءة المزيدan cesado ni en tiempos de pandemia como lo son el Programa de Alimentación Escolar (PAE), las casa de alimentación, la atención a los pacientes con covid 19, entre otros, aportando soluciones innovadoras. Por otra parte los comités locales de abastecimiento y producción junto a los consejos comunales llevan a cabo interesantes experiencias de producción alimentaria local. Se suma las mujeres como población productiva participan en toda la cadena agroalimentaria desde la producción hasta el consumo, razón por la cual se debe revalorizar su participación en el Sistema alimentario. Conclusión de la mesa 2. Reflexiones de los Pueblos Indígenas sobre los Sistemas Alimentarios Sostenibles Que el Gobierno Bolivariano, a través del Programa de Alimentación Escolar (PAE), masifique la compra de rubros autóctonos producidos por los pueblos indígenas, y campesinos y campesinas , aun cuando se han regionalizado los planes de menú y se han consolidado estos menús en algunos lugares, se debe masificar a fin de reforzar las raíces autóctonas. Así mismo se planteó el diseño de rutas priorizadas de distribución de alimentos garantizando la atención a las comunidades indígenas más vulnerables y ubicadas en zonas de difícil acceso. Conclusión de la mesa 3. Reflexiones de las y los Jóvenes en la transformación de los Sistemas Alimentarios Sostenibles Diseño de cartografía de tierras fértiles, formación integral a los jóvenes en materia de agricultura. El Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Juventud y el Deporte pone a la disposición la plataforma de chamba Juvenil para su incorporación a los planes de siembra, vuelta a los campos, patios productivos, entre otros para sumar esfuerzos y repotenciar la capacidad productiva del país. Conclusión de la mesa 4. Participación de Vocerías territoriales La vocería territorial continuara en el diseño y ejecución de soluciones desde el Poder Popular organizado, los pueblos indígenas y la plataforma de mujeres donde la guerra ha traído consigo grandes oportunidades, donde lo más valioso e importante ha sido el rescate de la cultura alimentaria ancestral y los cambios de patrones de consumo por hábitos más sanos y saludables. قراءة القليل

No hubo áreas de divergencias, ya que hubo consenso en la mayoría de las conclusiones, adoptando un gran nivel en la discusión y puntos de vistas planteados

The provincial dialogue provided opportunity to engage participants from different agencies, sectors, and disciplines including the government, academia, researcher, farmers’ organization, civil societies and private sectors from different parts of the country. During the dialogue, critical discussions were held to examine the provincial food systems to understand potential causes/barriers and drivers and generate ideas to decide bold actions for the next 3 years. Indeed, this will be further verified and refined after the feedback from the Provincial, and second and third national dialogues... قراءة المزيد. Five Action Tracks and one cross cutting lever of change were the Discussion Topics. Following the constitutional provision, cross cutting lever of change was selected as the Right to Food and Food Sovereignty Act as a legal framework for the sustainable food system in Nepal. Hence, six groups rigorously discussed on these topics following the ATs propositions and reference questions mentioned in Section A above. Relevant officials of the Government of Nepal had chaired the groups, while the thematic experts from the government and non-government sectors had facilitated the discussions, and designated rapporteurs from different agencies had documented the discussion points. Whole exercise was concluded with big team efforts. The dialogue also collected some learning to reflect impression and work further on as following: 1. Some participants were new to virtual meetings (attending the session using online platform to participate in specific groups); 2. Less no. of participation from industries and value chains (actors). 3. The issues were well understood by the participants, which were common for some of the ATs. Drivers of change and actions mentioned were also common to some tracks. 4. There was a common understanding among the working groups about the role and responsibilities of the three spheres of the government in Nepal, in terms of formulating policies, regulations, education, and their implementation. Participants suggested to draw clear delineation of the roles and responsibilities of the three spheres of government. 5. There was strong commitment from the stakeholders to address the issues of access to food, nutrition, distribution and effective implementation of policies and regulations. Overall, participants had actively engaged in different groups to exchange and share ideas and potential actions for analyzing and improving the Nepalese food system in general and provincial food system in particular. Some potential and emerging issues were identified and validated; the dialogue was also helpful in raising awareness and elevating public discussion on key food system issues and identify potential options and solutions for making food system inclusive, resilient and sustainable (refer Section C below). قراءة القليل

Discussion Topic AT 1: Ensure safe and nutritious food for all Context: The cereal grain availability is fluctuating due to variations in production; per capita availability has reached from 194 Kg (2001/02) to 237 Kg (2017/18); 48.2% households are food secure, whereas 10% are severely food insecure. Percentage of severely food insecure households are more in rural areas (11.7%) than in urban (8.8%), the percentage is highest in Karnali Province (17.5%) followed by Sudurpaschim (13%) and Province-2 (10.7%). Underlying causes affecting the stated proposition: No focus on micronutrients; poor n... قراءة المزيدutrition including breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices; many families do not have access to nutrient rich foods; poor and or inadequate understanding of three tiers of government with designated roles to enhance food system competence is also one of the major underlying causes. Drivers of change: • Low level of agricultural productivity and high pre & post-harvest losses. • Land fragmentation, loss of biodiversity and existence of poor food diversity. • Absence of good practices such as Good Agricultural Practices, Good Animal husbandry Practices. • Use of unsafe water for irrigation, haphazard use of pesticides and chemicals and anti-microbial drugs. • Inadequate roads for connectivity & storage facilities. • Absence of Good Manufacturing Practices. • Absence of infrastructures and facilities. • Loss/ Erosion of local biodiversity and existence of poor food diversity. • Low education and awareness level on the nutritive value of underutilized crops. • Low awareness regarding the home-based solutions for the preservation of the nutrition of foods. • Poor nutrition including breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. • Poor access to affordable and nutrient rich foods for many families. • Ineffective coordination among the stakeholders involved in food value chains. • Low level of awareness about the safe and nutritious foods. Actions in next 3 years for greater impact: • Creation of enabling environment and provide support for adoption of good practices. • Strengthening of the food institution for the identification of mycotoxin and other harmful pesticides. • Support to and motivate for the adoption of skills, knowledge and technologies. • Development of roads/storage to facilitate the marketing of highly perishable commodities, • Development of climate adaptive technologies. • Emphasis on the development of formal food trading and distribution system. • Diversify the production of food products and enhance their access. • Enhancing skills and knowledge on household level food preservation. • Creating awareness among the consumers about the quality food and balanced diet. • Minimization of the occurrence of food borne diseases and contamination. • Education and awareness raising programs for the consumption of nutrient rich foods. • Formulating policies that promote the consumption of low-cost nutritious food products. Options to assess the actions being successful • Awareness on use of pesticides, chemicals, and drugs, and formulation of regulation to monitor quality. • Effective implementation of food safety policy. • Development and adoption of effective surveillance system. • Harmonization of the food trade and distribution system and use of tracking and tracing system. • Survey and monitoring of the access and consumption of safe, diversified, and nutritive foods • Appropriate management of agricultural land. Collaboration/Partnership: • Prioritize the programs for increasing the production and productivity of nutritious foods at local level. • Integrate food safety policy with agriculture and nutrition policy. • Strengthening national research capacity on the pandemic. • Prioritize effective Food safety and nutrition surveillance (in all the level). • Prioritize Food innovation and food formulation. • Preparation of emergency policy and action plan. • Awareness raising programs on food safety and nutrition. • Women empowerment at the local level (local govt). • Multi-sectoral strategy for nutrition improvement. • Distribution of nutrition card and nutrition allowance قراءة القليل

Discussion Topic AT2: Shift to sustainable consumption patterns. Context: About 4.6 million people are food insecure in Nepal ; Prevalence of triple burden of malnutrition-under nutrition, overweight/ obesity, and micronutrient deficiency. Stunting, wasting and low weight in children contributing to 52 percent of child mortality; obesity among children and adolescents has increased by 29 times in the past four decades; women and children also suffer from some of the world’s highest levels of vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Underlying causes affecting the stated proposition: Change in dieta... قراءة المزيدry pattern characterized by two-meal-rice (per capita rice consumption increased by nearly 70% in 50 years). Dietary shift towards unhealthy processed foods high in saturated and trans-fat, salt and sugar neglecting nutritious indigenous crop-based foods. Increase in fat intake in diet. Drivers of change: • Inadequate production and inconsistent distribution mechanism • Inadequate road network and electricity distribution/development • High post-harvest losses • Poor quality management in Animal Food Supply Chain • Inadequate adoption of modern agricultural technologies and skills • Less or no adoption of Climate Resilient Agricultural system • Lack of Emergency and disaster Preparedness • No promotion and conservation of locally available nutritive foods • Marketing promotion of unhygienic food products • Lack of basic knowledge among the farmers on processing and storage • Inadequate mechanism(s) to regulate the market for food products. • Existence of subsistence production system • Poor knowledge on the real market prices • No access to the modern storage facilities and infrastructures • Unemployment and inadequate budgetary resources for agriculture Actions in next 3 years for greater impact: • Enhancing the capacity of the farmers. • Develop the low-cost storage infrastructures and their usage at the local level. • Conserve local food crops/commodities and promotion of local seed banks. • Encourage the establishment of small agro-based cottage and large processing industries • Enhance capacity for adopting Climate Resilient Agricultural production systems. • Establishing subsidized price shops for regulating/controlling prices. • Strengthening/ Enhancing the capacity of agricultural markets • Diversify the production of food crops based on ecological/geographical diversity • Development of modern cold storage facilities. • Establishment of processing centers at local level for local • Promote breast feeding practices among the lactating women • Promote and use the services of Nutritionist and Dieticians. • Introduce agricultural education and nutrition at school level. • Improve and expand road network and increase the access to electricity • Development & implementation of effective M&E system • Available agricultural commodity prices (of markets) using ICT • Increase the production of raw materials required for agro-based industries • Develop mechanism for maintaining buffer stock. • Regulate the advertisement and promotion of unhealthy food products • Promotion, awareness and marketing of local healthy food products Options to assess the actions being successful: • Effective Monitoring and Evaluation in the use of local storage facilities • Assessing agro-based employment. • Assessing the level of post-harvest losses of foods • Assessing the accessibility of consumers in subsidized price shops • Study the import substitution impact of local/domestic production • Assessing the effectiveness of local food processing centers • Monitoring the trend of market prices • Evaluating the effectiveness of food security indicators • Carry out social/public auditing of the implemented programs Roles and Responsibilities of governments and other stakeholders: • Federal government: Formulation of polices and regulations • Provincial government: Formulate and implement polices and regulations • Local government: Implement policies and regulations • Private sector: Invest in food industries and ensure the supply of quality food products • Farmers: Produce raw materials required for the agro-based industries قراءة القليل

Discussion Topic AT3: Boost nature-positive food production at scale Context: Increased biodiversity losses, deforestation and land degradation are major problems. One third of agricultural lands are fallow and degraded, and a large portion are converted to settlements and infrastructure. Poverty has forced households in forest and pastureland encroachment. Production of major staples and commercial vegetables in some pockets has caused excessive mining of soil nutrients, water depletion and agrochemical pollution. Underlying causes affecting the stated proposition: Dependency on imported crop... قراءة المزيد varieties is increasing with lack of site-specific food production; lack of production in broader landscape/agroecosystem level. Lack of land utilization policy and plans have promoted rapid conversion of fertile agriculture lands into settlements and other non-agriculture use. Disappearance of indigenous food system; rural out-migration; inadequate capacity development of farmers; lack of agriculture mechanization. Underlying Barriers for Achieving the Stated Proposition: • Traditional low productive food system • Lack of awareness and knowledge among farmers about negative impact of agri-food system • Lack of clear-cut policy and legislation about sustainable crop and animal production system • Lack of knowledge among farmers about new technologies and practices. • Lack of development of climate resilient agricultural system • Limited accountability of farmers and food system actors • Focus on only increased production of agriculture without considering negative impact on nature. • Overuse and misuse of agrochemicals, hormones, and additives in animal production • Loss of local seed diversity, native animal breeds • Loss of soil health without adequate management and protection. Actions for the next 3 years: • Formulation of policy and laws for nature positive food production system • Create awareness and orientation on nature positive food production. • Conduct study, analyses and predict about how and to what extent existing food production system is affecting agricultural sufficiency and food security in the province 1 without damaging nature • Implement and reorient gradually agricultural and livestock development program towards nature positive direction • Implement food production programs by adopting agroecological zoning and suitability • Develop plans and programs on organic /ecological farming • Adopt climate smart agricultural system • Adopt technologies and practices in agriculture and livestock that reduce GHG emissions • Implement soil testing programs in every municipality • Establish “Agricultura Data Bank” to promote broader agricultural information system • Develop ecological based agricultural planning • Develop and implement programs on conservation of agrobiodiversity • Implement agroforestry and water resource management programs. Assessing the success of Action: • Inclusion of nature positive food production system in policy plans and programs • Regular monitoring and evaluation and feed-back collection mechanisms • Annual and quarterly review of nature positive production programs • Long-term (10 years), medium term (7 years) and short term (3 years) planning and implementation of nature positive food production programs. Roles and Responsibilities of the Governments and other Actors: • Federal Government: Enforce land use policies and act for nature positive food production system, conduct research and develop new technologies and innovations. • Provincial /Local Government: Disseminate new technologies and solutions developed from research system for nature positive production system, develop directives and standards for the nature positive programs; capacity development to maximum number of farmers and other relevant stakeholders for promoting nature positive production systems. • Private Sectors and Other Civil Society Actors: Engage private sectors in nature positive production, processing and marketing of agri-food products • Other relevant stakeholders consumers, processors, industries and market intermediaries to take ownership and promote nature positive food sy قراءة القليل

Discussion Topic AT4: Advance equitable livelihoods of people involved in food systems Context: Landless, smallholders, women, Dalits, indigenous people rely on agriculture and forest-based foods; many of them are unrecognized as farmers, underpaid and, or wage rates differ by gender. Deep rooted social and economic inequalities in employment opportunities increase vulnerability. Inadequate institutional mechanisms for and limited capacity of women, small holders, old-age, people with disability (PWD), internally displaced people (IDPs). Underlying causes affecting the stated proposition: Agri... قراءة المزيدculture sector is seen as less remunerative and less attractive. The major reasons are of skewed power relation over productive resources especially of land, water, forest to women and disadvantaged groups; land fragmentation and use of agricultural land for other purposes have reduced options to secure access and land rights of people in the value chain. Feminization of agriculture due to young male out-migration. Underlying Barriers for Achieving the Stated Proposition: • Inequalities exist across the food chain; • Rigidness in institutional provisions and response mechanisms as well as institutional biases that do not support poor and vulnerable; • Disaster hits the poor and vulnerable disproportionately; • No promotion of cultural foods of high nutrition values; • Lack of quality control specially of nutritional aspects in the food chains; • Lack of multi-stakeholder’s collaboration working on social-cultural-economic issues to ensure diversified food baskets; • Food price hikes and quality deterioration; • Social discriminatory norms and practices that inhibits girls and women and certain caste and ethnicities for accessing nutritious and diversified food; • Unequal food system specially during disaster and emergencies (price hikes, artificial shortage, black marketing, poor cannot afford and vulnerable have no information and or access to relief support) • No secured employment, income and food supplies for the poor, small holders, vulnerable groups. Actions for three years: • Deal with discriminatory norms and practices; • Strengthen producer, vendors, market actors, consumers in decision-making process of rural food system transformation; • Establish processing industries for high value industrial crops such as ginger, cardamom, bettle nuts that create employment for women, youth and agri-laborers; • Establish, regularize and manage food storage system for emergency supplies; • Issue cards for poor and marginalized communities to access food in subsidized rates; • Crop insurance to the marginalized and small holders. Assessing the success of Action: • Establish relief fund based on pre-assessment of needs for targeting to informal sector workers and vulnerable groups; • Pre-planning for production and relief package; • Establish grievance dealing and response mechanisms for inequalities in accessing food for all; • Establish data bank and monitor it regularly; • Ensure work place safety for informal workers, agricultural wage workers and workers in the food chain. Roles and Responsibilities of Governments and Other Stakeholders: • Federal government: devise policy frameworks that promotes rights-based approach for ensuring food for all, facilitate long-term investment for structural transformation in food system, support in developing scientific pricing mechanisms for food and strengthen regulatory systems; make food estimates and support provincial and local governments in making forecasts and food supply plan. • Provincial governments to prepare comprehensive food supply plan, food banks for the crisis period; • Provincial government to facilitate collaboration among the municipalities, inter-provincial and with federal government for public private partnership in creating equitable food supply system; • Local governments have the prime role to establish food bank at local levels; • Local governments to establish identifying the disadvantaged and vulnerable groups • Local governments to create awareness against the discriminatory practices. قراءة القليل

Discussion Topic AT5: Building resilience to vulnerabilities, shocks, and stresses Context: Current food system is under pressure from climate crisis, conflict, COVID-19 pandemics, economic shocks, natural disasters and environmental degradation, including food price hikes and disease-pests outbreaks. These shocks, stress and disaster can be devastating for poor and vulnerable people, who have limited resources and options. Climate induced and other natural disasters have significant impact on national economy. Lately, COVID-19 has contributed to increase unemployment, poverty and vulnerabilit... قراءة المزيدy including loss of livelihoods. The 2015 Earthquake increased number of food insecure people by 3.5 million. Underlying causes affecting the stated proposition: Natural and climate induced disasters; high post-production losses; weak supply chain; pandemics (COVID-19) and other epidemics. Economic shocks, like food price hikes and income losses due to pandemics and disasters. Limited investment on R&D to reduce vulnerability and build resilience. Farmers and stakeholders lack adequate incentives for climate initiatives and green agriculture. Epidemics/ pandemic (such as diarrhea, COVID-19, etc) have increased vulnerability of poor, women, and marginalized households. Underlying Barriers for Achieving the Stated Proposition: • Social: Male migration, outmigration, conflict in natural resources, less youth attraction in agriculture, socio-cultural taboos • Economic: Economic crisis: loss employment and livelihoods, pandemics (Covid-19), food price spike, farmers’ not getting reasonable prices of their products • Environmental: natural disasters, drought, flooding, land-slides, soil erosion, earthquake, forest fires • Policy and governance: low effective implementation of policy and regulations, Actions in the next 3 years • Early warning system development and flow of proper information (weather related forecast) to disaster prone areas • Strengthening of institutional and structural aspects of 3 tiers government • Agricultural diversification, irrigation investment and agricultural insurance promotion • Social safety net: productivity safety net such as Food bank, Emergency food pantries etc. • Development and utilization of agricultural data, weather insurance, market information and research impacts • Policy coordination: Transnational and within three tiers of government • Community organization and local innovation • Inventory of indigenous knowledge, promote underutilized and indigenous crop Assessing the success of Action: • Effective monitoring and evaluation, reporting feedback • Evidence of effective implementation of acts, policy and regulations • Indicators of increased technology transfer, production and productivity increase • Equitable distribution of benefits of value chain development among food system actors • Self-assessment: ownership enhancement, gap determination Collaboration and Roles/responsibilities of 3 tiers Government and other Actors: Federal Government: Strengthen coordination among international actors, Coordinate with public and private investments, enforcement of act, policy and regulations on food system; awareness, food assistance program, Infrastructure (Transport and Storage), cross ministerial collaboration, public-private partnership for resilience, food system and safety traceability system to be developed. Provincial Government: Strengthen coordination among central and local level government, resources utilization, infrastructure Development, technological innovation, strengthen social protection system: Food bank, Food safety net etc., Surveillance and rapid response-to tackle risks. Local Government: Community organization and local innovation, program to increase production and productivity, monitor and analyse vulnerability, partnership with local community based organizations (CBOs) to increase investment to improve food security and resilience, Monitoring of local food safety issues Private Sectors, Civil Societies and Academia: Cross sectoral /disciplinary collaboration in federal and provincial level to ensure food security and food safety, traceability system. قراءة القليل