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Discussion Topic AT4: Advance equitable livelihoods Context: Landless, smallholders, women, Dalits, indigenous people rely on agriculture and forest-based foods; many of them are unrecognized as farmers, underpaid and, or wage rates differ by gender. Deep rooted social and economic inequalities in employment opportunities increase vulnerability. Inadequate institutional mechanisms for and limited capacity of women, small holders, old-age, people with disability (PWD), internally displaced people (IDPs). Underlying causes affecting the stated proposition: Agriculture sector is seen as less remu... Leer másnerative and less attractive. The major reasons are of skewed power relation over productive resources especially of land, water, forest to women and disadvantaged groups; land fragmentation and use of agricultural land for other purposes have reduced options to secure access and land rights of people in the value chain. Feminization of agriculture due to young male out-migration. Underlying Barriers for Achieving the Stated Proposition: • Lack of data on people in vulnerabilities and ownership of production resources; • Migration and impact on women in agriculture and value chain employment; • Land fragmentation; • Lack of market access for smallholders and marginalized producers; lack of regular employability within the food chain; • Lack of diversities in crop and food; • Lack of connectivity, storage and distribution mechanisms; • More attraction to processed foods; • Low knowledge on importance of breast feeding and food related information; • Inaccessibility of poor to nutritious foods; • Pre and post-harvest loss of crops and foods; • Lack of negotiation capacity among the smallholders; • Social discriminatory practices Actions for three years: • Context, locality, demography and geography specific policies, plans, programs; • Discourage fallow land and promote land consolidation and contract farming; • Facilitate for easy access to credit through banks; • Promote organic agriculture and food, regulate on processed food and proper labelling • Organic fertilizer production and irrigation priority; • School education program, guide children for healthy diets and nutrition • Ensure children’s voice in food system • Promote youth led agri-based enterprising and marketing • Invest in consumer education for safe and nutritious food; • Link with social protection programs; • Product diversification • Post-harvest related infrastructures specially for milk, vegetables, fruits; • Farmer’s ID and targeted inputs; land use policy • Placement of technical staff; one crop, one palika program; • Age-wise food recipes for children to senior citizen; • Link with mid-day meal program to education sector plan 2021-2030; • Identify vulnerable hh and communities and response such as use of NeKSAP information; • Link with safety net programs, education, tourism, health • Awareness on production, processing, marketing and consumption of locally available nutritious foods; • Ensure access to production inputs for smallholders, women and youths equitably; • Innovation and research to respond equitably; • Food plan; establish ideal food system. Assessing the success of Action: • Agri-inputs supply mechanisms for access to all; • Set minimum support price for staple foods; • Farmer’s categorization and issuance of farmer’s ID; • Decreased child mortality rates; • Result frameworks in place; • Access to healthy foods and diets for children throughout the supply chains • Accountability framework and measures in place; Roles and Responsibilities of governments and other stakeholders: • Federal government: Prepare acts and policies, mobilize foreign aid in agriculture, trade facilitation, fair and balanced supply system and TA • Provincial government: Invest in technological development, market facilitations, enterprise development, quality monitoring, establishment of resource centers; land races development • Local government: Depute technical HR, facilitate investment in agriculture and food chain, promote nutritious local landraces, nutrition programs for landless and poor; Leer menos

Discussion Topic AT3: Boost nature-positive food production at scale Context: Increased biodiversity losses, deforestation and land degradation are the major problems. One third of agricultural lands are fallow and degraded, and a large portion are converted to settlements and infrastructure. Poverty has forced households in forest and pastureland encroachment. Underlying causes affecting the stated proposition: Dependency on imported crop varieties is increasing with lack of site-specific food production; lack of production in broader landscape/agroecosystem level. Lack of land utilization po... Leer máslicy and plans have promoted rapid conversion of fertile agriculture lands into non-agriculture use. Disappearance of indigenous food system; rural out-migration; inadequate capacity development of farmers; lack of agriculture mechanization. Underlying barriers for achieving the stated proposition: • Rapid migration from hill side to the cultivable lands in valleys and Terai • Non-Regulation and use of community forestry. • Lack of Protection of Public lands • Fragmentation of agricultural land. • Prioritization of cultivable lands/ mapping • Problem in proper management and utilization of Water resource. • Unscientific management of forest for food production (linked with agro forestry) • Deforestation, landslide, flash flood, extreme rainfall , drought • Uncontrolled use of chemical inputs and degraded the quality of land. • Forest fire and its effect on wild foods and biodiversity • Loss of genetic resources and agro biodiversity. • Inappropriate mechanism causing pollution and soil degradation. • Un planned/unnatural use of water resources (river, stream) for irrigation • Unscientific use of land for settlement, fragmentation, fallow land due to migration • Deforestation, forest fires and poor management of forest and vegetations • Air pollution and environmental pollution from forest fires and over use of agrochemical uses • Soil erosion, landslides, flooding, haphazard use of pesticides, chemical fertilizers • Lack of technologies for land, soil and water/irrigation management, farming system etc. • Lack of appropriate knowledge on scientific forest management, scientific soil management, integrated crop and water management etc. • Lack of adequate technologies for seed, sapling and breeds, cropping system/ mixed farming Actions for the next 3 years: • Enforcement of land use polices and conversion act. • Promotion of appropriate mechanization • Promotion of agro forestry, income generation with conservation • Construction and management of dam, water harvesting technology. • Genetic improvement and use of local genetic resources. • Use of Organic manures and focus of sustainable farming. • Regulation and use of community forestry. • Incentives to farmers for promoting sustainable and organic farming. • Low-cost climate resilient technology • Land use planning and agricultural zoning • Integrated agriculture, livestock and forestry farming • Reforestation to protect and minimize degradation of lands • Conservation of agrobiodiversity • Utilization of water resources, improvement in soil fertility and control of soil erosion • Climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration, substitution and conservation Assessing the success of Action: • Coordination among three tier government • Management of Human resources at provincial and local levels • Climate resilient technology development. • Identification and promotion of priority crops in hilly and terai Roles and Responsibilities of 3 tiers of Governments & Other Stakeholders: • Federal Government: Policy Guidance, linkage with International agencies, trade facilitation, implement land bank guidelines and regulation, progressive taxation for industry for healthy and unhealthy foods productions, technology transfer • Provincial Government: strengthen Provincial Food Security and Nutrition Steering Committee, implementation ADS, Awareness of MSNP, Develop resilient technology, exploration visits for the farmers • Local Government: identify the local genetic resources and prepare inventory, localization of ADS, LAPA, MSNP, community Seed bank, Food bank Leer menos

Discussion Topic AT2: Shift to sustainable consumption patterns. Context: About 4.6 million people are food insecure in Nepal; Prevalence of triple burden of malnutrition-under nutrition, overweight/ obesity, and micronutrient deficiency. Stunting, wasting and low weight in children contributing to 52 percent of child mortality; obesity among children and adolescents has increased by 29 times in the past four decades; women and children also suffer from some of the world’s highest levels of vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Underlying causes affecting the stated proposition: Change in dietar... Leer másy pattern characterized by two-meal-rice (per capita rice consumption increased by nearly 70% in 50 years). Dietary shift towards unhealthy processed foods high in saturated and trans-fat, salt and sugar neglecting nutritious indigenous crop-based foods. Increase in fat intake in diet and undernutrition in childhood has coincided with increased overweight/ obesity and other Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD). Underlying Barriers for Achieving the Stated Proposition: • Weak market monitoring system for food, no proper food labelling • Only half of the population receiving minimum diet diversity (52 percent) • High sugar, salt and fat consumption. • Urbanization, Migration, land fragmentation, and different type of topography • High use of insecticide and pesticide • Local paddy exporting trend and use of polished rice increasing. • Third country migration, over digitalization and consumption behavior changing. • Ginger and turmeric farming almost disappearing. • Shortfall of labor for production activities and value chain. • Lack of information about the content of nutrition or value of the food products • No control/banning of unhealthy food products. • Inadequate implementation of awareness raising programs at school level related to the foods adulterated with heavy pesticides. • Inadequate subsidy/ supportive policies for the promotion of local products and development of agricultural value chains • Poor development and dissemination of new and modern technologies to the farmers and entrepreneurs Actions for three years: • Emphasize the school meal program utilizing local food production • Promote milk and milk-based products and poultry for school feeding program • Develop storage facilities for seasonal products (to add value) • Implementation of healthy food campaigns and fairs at the community level • Dissemination of message (jingles or songs) about the healthy foods through media • Adopt strict quarantine of the imported food products and levy tax on them • Creating awareness by organizing drama and dance program at local level • Development of technologies to minimize and utilize the wastage foods • Emphasizing organic production and marketing in major cities and market centers • Developing a program on food consumption behavior • Develop land use policy for agriculture, industry, and human settlement. • Develop database for land type, iIncrease utilization of fallow land • Develop system to fix the wage of laborers • Distribute below poverty level (BPL) card for reservation of services to population living below poverty • Engage people under below poverty in conservation programs • Promote education program on breast feeding to children • Develop scientific labelling practices. Assessing the success of Action: • Social auditing and public hearing program implemented. • Management of trained human resources • Management of human resources at the ward level • Assurance of budget for program and activities • Development of Management Information System Role of Governments and other Stakeholders: • Local government: Develop policy guidelines, policy and program implementation and awareness raising. • Provincial govt: support for the development of infrastructures • Federal government: Formulation of policies and Acts and Regulations, Budgetary support to province and local governments, support to province and local levels and expansion of school feeding program up to the 8th class Leer menos

Discussion Topic AT 1: Ensure safe and nutritious food for all Context: The cereal grain availability is fluctuating due to variations in production; per capita availability has reached from 194 Kg (2001/02) to 237 Kg (2017/18); 48.2% households are food secure, whereas 10% are severely food insecure. Percentage of severely food insecure households are more in rural areas (11.7%) than in urban (8.8%), the percentage is highest in Karnali Province (17.5%) followed by Sudurpaschim (13%) and Province-2 (10.7%). Underlying causes affecting the stated proposition: Locally available nutritious crops... Leer más/foods getting less importance; biodiversity/cultural diversity not promoted. No focus on micronutrients; poor nutrition including breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices; many families do not have access to nutrient rich foods; growing burden of non-communicable diseases; divergence between nutrition and WASH programmes due to lack of coherence between food security and nutrition sectors. Underlying Barriers for Achieving the Stated Proposition: • Inadequate technologies development and irrigation infrastructures. • Inadequate skilled and trained human resources, lack of motivation and positive attitudes • Unclear and ambiguous policies, lack of farmers supportive and motivating programs • Outmigration of youths and trained manpower • Fragmentation of land holdings, subsistence production system • Low level of investment in agricultural sector • No harmonization between extension and research and in terms of investment • Inadequate attention to the farmers needs while formulating policies and plans • Poor and or inadequate understanding of three tiers of govt. with designated roles to enhance food system competence. Actions for three years: • Prepare policies and plans to motivate and support small farmers • Increase investment for production promotion and post-harvest and value addition • Recognize the leader farmers of a group in a Community • Improve the service delivery system in terms of quality targeting • Develop programs to be self-reliant in agricultural and livestock products • Develop a supportive policy for nutritious food production and distribution and levy tax to junk and ultra-processed foods • Incorporate nutrition and health aspects in school curriculum. • Encourage entrepreneurship among the youths by providing technologies, enhancing access to finance, and improving their skills. • Development of milk authority for commercialization of milk production and diversification of the products • Develop and implement programs for import substitution in major crops and commodities. • Conserve and utilize local crops/commodities that have high nutrition • Implement nutrition sensitive social protection programs • Increase education/awareness among the people. Assessing the success of Action: • Implement production program by developing result framework and indicators • Increase access of small farmers to resources and inputs • Develop appropriate indicators and ensure the access of production inputs and resources on equitable basis • Develop strong M&E system and carryout it regularly • Ensuring markets for agricultural products • Categorization of farmers into small, medium and large group, develop appropriate packages • Policy to support below poverty level people and communities Roles and Responsibilities of governments and other stakeholders • Local government- develop a mechanism for distribution of supports and subsidies and technical skills and technologies in a balanced manner; development of resource centers, entrepreneurship development, monitoring of quality and standards, • Province: operationalization of medium-sized projects, carryout need based research, implement nutrition related programs to landless farmers, development of policies and programs considering geographical diversity and ecological context • Federal: R&D, implementation of large-sized projects, managing the foreign aids in agri., formulation of policies, Acts and regulations, provide or ensure justice to landless farmers in terms of their rights to food, Regulate/monitor for export promotion and import substitution Leer menos

The provincial dialogue provided opportunity to engage participants from different agencies, sectors, and disciplines including the government, academia, researcher, farmers’ organization, civil societies and private sectors from different parts of the country. During the dialogue, critical discussions were held to examine the provincial food systems to understand potential causes/barriers and drivers and generate ideas to decide bold actions for the next 3 years. Indeed, this will be further verified and refined after the feedback from the Provincial, and second and third national dialogues... Leer más. Five Action Tracks and one cross cutting lever of change were the Discussion Topics. Following the constitutional provision, cross cutting lever of change was selected as the Right to Food and Food Sovereignty Act as a legal framework for the sustainable food system in Nepal. Hence, six groups rigorously discussed on these topics following the ATs propositions and reference questions mentioned in Section A above. Relevant officials of the Government of Nepal had chaired the groups, while the thematic experts from the government and non-government sectors had facilitated the discussions, and designated rapporteurs from different agencies had documented the discussion points. Whole exercise was concluded with big team efforts. The dialogue also collected some learning to reflect impression and work further on as following: 1. Some participants were new to virtual meetings (attending the session using online platform to participate in specific groups); 2. Less no. of participation from industries and value chains (actors). 3. The issues were well understood by the participants, which were common for some of the ATs. Drivers of change and actions mentioned were also common to some tracks. 4. There was a common understanding among the working groups about the role and responsibilities of the three spheres of the government in Nepal, in terms of formulating policies, regulations, education, and their implementation. Participants suggested to draw clear delineation of the roles and responsibilities of the three spheres of government. 5. There was strong commitment from the stakeholders to address the issues of access to food, nutrition, distribution and effective implementation of policies and regulations. Overall, participants had actively engaged in different groups to exchange and share ideas and potential actions for analyzing and improving the Nepalese food system in general and provincial food system in particular. Some potential and emerging issues were identified and validated; the dialogue was also helpful in raising awareness and elevating public discussion on key food system issues and identify potential options and solutions for making food system inclusive, resilient and sustainable (refer Section below: Outcomes for each discussion topic). Leer menos

Government of Nepal, National Planning Commission (NPC), organized the provincial Food Systems Dialogue of Lumbini Province on 28th June 2021 on the theme Nepal towards an equitable, resilient and sustainable food system. Hon Dr. Krishna Prasad Oli, Member, NPC and National Dialogue Convenor delivered the opening and welcome speech. Dr. Rewati Raman Poudel, Secretary Ministry of Land Management, Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOLMAC) and Provincial Dialogue Curator curated the dialogues. Major focus of the dialogue was to engage stakeholders for a comprehensive exploration of food systems in Ne... Leer máspal as part of the process for the UN Food Systems Summit 2021. The specific objectives of the dialogue were to; • raise awareness and promote public discussion on the food systems, • examine current situation and identify key aspects of Nepalese food systems, such as the drivers, actions, pathways, and • explore opportunities for food system to make it equitable, sustainable and resilient. Total of 95 participants attended the event representing different stakeholder groups, background, institutions, and professions. In order to generate focused dialogues and collect the specific inputs, participants were assigned to respective Action Track (AT) Groups after a brief opening session in the plenary. The AT coordinators, facilitators, co-facilitators, and rapporteurs facilitated the dialogue process and documented the discussion outcomes. Each AT Group had proposition and reference questions to engage in dialogue and provide inputs as follows: AT 1 Proposition: Increased agriculture productivity and develop sustainable food chain for affordable safe, healthy, and nutritious diet to improve levels of nutrition, ensure all people to be well nourished and healthy and achieve zero hunger. AT2 Proposition: Enabling, inspiring and motivating people to enjoy healthy and sustainable consumption options; Slashing food loss and waste; and transitioning to a circular economy through advancing in technological, environmental, economic, social, regulatory, and institutional fronts. AT3 Proposition: Protect natural ecosystems from new deforestation and conversion for food and feed production; manage sustainably existing food production systems; restore degraded ecosystems and rehabilitate soil function for sustainable food production. AT4 Proposition: Developing inclusive and diverse food systems that contribute to the elimination of poverty and food and nutrition insecurity by creating jobs, raising incomes across food value chains; protecting and enhancing cultural and social capital; reducing risks for the poorest and increasing value distribution. AT5 Proposition: Developing inclusive and equitable food systems to ensure that all people within a food system are empowered to prepare for, withstand, and recover from instability and participate in a food system that, despite shocks and stressors, delivers food security, nutrition, and equitable livelihoods for all. AT6: Referring to the overarching legal document developed based on the constitutional provision, Right to Food and Food Sovereignty Act (2018), is considered as a legal framework. Hence, this Act and related policies are the key to strengthen food system governance and accountability and transform food system that is resilient, equitable and sustainable. Dialogue reference questions: Following 5 questions were presented to the participants to facilitate the dialogue: 1. What are the underlying causes/ barriers for achieving the stated proposition? 2. What are the key drivers of unsustainable food system? 3. What actions in the next 3 years will have greatest impact on the Discussion Topic? 4. How will it be possible to tell if these actions are being successful? 5. What are the role and responsibilities of the food system actors including those of the federal, provincial, and local Governments in sustainable food system transformation in Nepal? Leer menos

No hubo áreas de divergencias, ya que hubo consenso en la mayoría de las conclusiones, adoptando un gran nivel en la discusión y puntos de vistas planteados

En este sentido se orientó a identificar acciones y retos adicionales, además de propuestas que contribuyan en la construcción del fortalecimiento de los sistemas alimentarios, con el objetivo de establecer sus contribuciones desde su experticia para enfrentar los retos hacia el logro de los sistemas alimentarios sostenibles en el país y por tanto; como primer paso hacia la consolidación de la apuesta nacional entorno al cumplimiento de los ODS. -Impulsar la multiplicación de unidades productivas a nivel primario y de transformación de alimentos en las distintas regiones con sus diferen... Leer mástes potencialidades logísticas para garantizar que todas las personas tengan acceso a alimentos nutritivos de calidad para garantizar un estado nutricional adecuado. -Fortalecer los Comités Locales De Abastecimiento Y Producción (CLAP) promovidos por el Gobierno de Venezuela a través de una modalidad de entrega de productos casa por casa, mecanismo de distribución se suman las redes de abastecimiento del Estado, Mercal y PDVAL. Esta política surge para hacer frente a la escasez de alimentos y la crisis económica del país. Leer menos

A través del Congreso Bicentenario de los Pueblos las organizaciones de base de los sectores comunitarios que forman parte de las diferentes estructuras se consolidaron como una estrategia unificadora de los diferentes movimientos en todo el territorio nacional que tributan a la recuperación de la Patria, frente al bloqueo y las sanciones criminales contra el pueblo venezolano, para dejar sus aporte que serán discutidos en la convocatoria, con la finalidad de plantear diversas formas de fortalecer el sistema de distribución de alimentos en el país. Lo que permitirá trascender de las reco... Leer másmendaciones biomédicas a la adopción consciente de prácticas, modos y estilos de vida basados en la nutrición y sus factores condicionantes, entre estos proponen: -Fortalecer la producción local para disminuir los procedimientos logísticos y acortar las cadenas de distribución de manera de mejorar las posibilidades de acceso a alimentos tradicionales, sanos y frescos. -Promover en los Comités Locales de Abastecimiento y Producción (CLAP) la producción de alimentos a pequeña y mediana escalas para enriquecer los alimentos distribuidos por el estado, a través de los programas de atención social con alimentos frescos como frutas, vegetales, hortalizas, granos y proteínas de origen animal producidos por quienes se encargan de los procesos de organización y distribución de alimentos, para así fortalecer el actual sistema de distribución con la incorporación productos nacionales de alta calidad nutricional como son los rubros autóctonos frescos. -Apoyo a los pequeños y medianos productores con elementos para garantizar el transporte y la logística. -Incrementar las vías de comunicación para el traslado y distribución de los alimentos. -Promoción de los mercado de intercambio locales de la producción de los pequeños y medianos productores. -Acompañar a la medianas empresas transformadoras de alimentos en los procesos logísticos de distribución - Garantizar el acceso a toda la población a los alimentos, primordialmente la atención a las familias que posean integrantes con condiciones especiales derivadas de discapacidades, salud, niñas niños y adolescentes, ancianas, ancianos y mujeres en estado de gravidez y comunidades indígenas los cuales cubren aproximadamente el 75% de las necesidades nutricionales de una familia. A través de los Comité Local de Abastecimiento y Producción que se conforman a escala local en cada una de las comunas, comunidades y sectores sociales del territorio nacional, de forma flexible y en atención a las circunstancias de la realidad cultural, económica, política y social, -Proteger y promover la organización social y la integración del pueblo productor, la comunidad consumidora, el estado y la industria alimentaria, en consejos decisores que permitan la conducción y afianzamiento de sistemas agroalimentarios que realmente cumplan con las premisas de derecho a la alimentación, la seguridad y soberanía alimentaria y nutricional. Leer menos

El tema para el Diálogo se basó en: Distribución suficiente, justa y equitativa del Sistema Alimentario Venezolano, donde se socializaron las políticas alimentarias que ha generado el gobierno venezolano como experiencia inédita de sistemas alimentarios en emergencia sostenida, a través del Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Alimentación, con el apoyo del pueblo organizado.

There was no marked observation on the areas of divergence.

Discussion Topic AT6: Right to Food and Food Sovereignty Act-a legal framework for sustainable food systems in Nepal Context: Nepal has developed legal framework to ensure good governance of food systems and transform them. The right to food and food sovereignty is enshrined in the constitution, and the government has given priority to ensure safe and nutritious food to all in a sustainable manner. The Right to Food and Food Sovereignty Act accommodates all ATs and provides as a legal framework for the resilient, equitable and sustainable food systems in Nepal. Underlying causes affecting the ... Leer másstated proposition: Lack of organized efforts in the implementation of policies. Poor accountability measures on the implementation of laws/policies. Governments, particularly at local levels lack technical capacity to prepare laws and policies. Underlying Barriers to Achieve the Stated Proposition: • Lack of appropriate structure to implement the provisions of the Act • No formulation of Food Sovereignty Regulation till date • Lack of awareness about the food rights at the local level • Existence of inappropriate ethnic and religious related traditions and customs in Karnali province regarding food consumption • Unexpected natural disasters and pandemic • Big impact of climate change and climate induced disasters • Lack of land classification, Land use policy and policy to discourage land fragmentation and increasing conversion of agricultural lands for other usage • Lack of effective M&E system • Lack strategy and plan to utilize fallow land Actions for the next 3 years: • Development of appropriate technologies to suit the diverse terrain and ecology of Karnali province • Coordinate with local level for creating awareness through organizing campaigns about the food rights • Give proper attention to income-based food security by implementing appropriate programs • Categorization of farmers (into groups) and provide support and subsidy based on classification • Implementing the distribution of farmer’s identification card • Formulate and implement appropriate programs to those who are food insecure and vulnerable • Adopt collaborative and partnership approach (PPP) in development programs • Delineate clear roles and responsibilities of three tiers of governments for effective implementation of the provisions by making effective coordination • Prepare programs and activities considering the provisions of the Act • Classify land based on scientific Land use policy and province and local governments should also formulate their land use plans based on their local condition • Make policy to utilize the fallow land for agriculture Assessing the success of Action: • Policies and programs of the governments • Development of indicators and their monitoring • Ensuring the participation of farmers in food security related policy and program formulation • Preparation of integrated policies and programs by three tiers of governments • Coordination by the Provincial Food Council Roles and Responsibilities of 3 tiers Governments and Other Stakeholders: • Development of effective information system and its implementation • Formulation and implementation of Food rights regulation • Coordinated programs in agri roads, agri-markets and others infrastructures among the three tiers of governments • Agri commodity collection and marketing • Fulfillment of commitments as per the international conventions and agreements • Develop performance evaluation system • Effective roles to be played by three tiers of governments to implement the provisions of Act. Leer menos

Discussion Topic AT5: Building resilience to vulnerabilities, shocks, and stresses Context: current food system is under pressure from climate crisis, conflict, COVID-19 pandemics, economic shocks, natural disasters and environmental degradation, including food price hikes and disease-pests outbreaks. These shocks, stress and disaster can be devastating for poor and vulnerable people, who have limited resources and options. Climate induced and other natural disasters have significant impact on national economy. Underlying causes/barriers for achieving stated proposition: • Fragile and remote... Leer más mountainous geography • Unplanned physical infrastructure development, politicization in development planning, encroachment of agricultural land • Weak implementation of land use policy in agricultural land • Adverse impact of climate change in agriculture and food system (e.g. drought, land slides) • Disappearance of indigenous adapted crops and local varieties • Lack of collection of agricultural and food system statistics • Lack of emphasis on family farming • Weak coordination among extension, technology, production, post-production (storage, transportation) and marketing sector agencies • Poor storage facilities (for off-season sale) and go-downs for storing foods during emergencies Actions in the next 3 years that will have greatest impact: • Advance preparedness for disaster and planning for prompt actions to reduce disaster • Identification of traditional foot trails to develop prompt actions during disasters • Promotion of climate resilient technologies and practices focusing on indigenous short duration crops in high Himalayan regions where winter is longer. • Identification and improvement of indigenous nutrient rich crops and commodities for promotion to develop healthy food system • Advertisement of nutritious local foods and their marketing • Identification of vulnerable groups during disasters • Organic production and marketing for ensuring local food and nutrition security • Collection and mobilization of rainwater for small-scale irrigation and household sanitation • Development of resource centres for making them competitive and promote sustainable food system • Establishment of cold stores and food stores based on local adapted technologies • Fair price shop for nature positive products for easy access of foods • Develop value chain of local foods and organic ecologically produced foods and their products. Assessing the success of Action: • Development of indicators • Capacity development for use of budget and advanced planning • Access to technology and capital • Monitoring with the participation of consumers and multi-stakeholders Roles and Responsibilities of 3 tiers Governments and Other Stakeholders: • Federal Government: develop weather forecasting models and methods, policy and Acts for nature positive resilient food system, enforce land use policy and act at the national level, strengthen national Information management system, coordinate and develop partnerships with stakeholders, NGOs and private sectors, access to organic markets at the international level and national market level • Provincial Government: communicate weather forecasting information, formulate and implement organic act and directives, develop institutional capacity, information system and capacity of farmers and stakeholders on resilience, management of provincial level information management, implement land use acts and regulations, coordination and partnerships with stakeholders, NGOs and private sectors, access to national and provincial markets for organic market. • Local Government: Identify households and groups based on risks and vulnerabilities and storage and distribution of special nutritious foods during disaster, risks and resilience, identify malnourished and vulnerable households and groups, coordinate with CBOs, NGOs and private sectors. collection of local information and management, management of local markets • Private sector: Market promotion of local nutritious foods and business models • NGOs/CBOs: Sensitize about the role of agrobiodiversity for healthy and nutritious foods and resilience building Leer menos

Discussion Topic AT4: Advance equitable livelihoods of people involved in food systems Context: Landless, smallholders, women, Dalits, indigenous people rely on agriculture and forest-based foods; many of them are unrecognized as farmers, underpaid and, or wage rates differ by gender. Deep rooted social and economic inequalities in employment opportunities increase vulnerability. Inadequate institutional mechanisms for and limited capacity of women, small holders, old-age, people with disability (PWD), internally displaced people (IDPs) to claim their rights, they have less access to productio... Leer másn resources, space for voice, negotiation power in the market systems. Underlying causes affecting the stated proposition: Agriculture sector is seen as less remunerative and less attractive. The major reasons are of skewed power relation over productive resources especially of land, water, forest to women and disadvantaged groups; land fragmentation and use of agricultural land for other purposes have reduced options to secure access and land rights of people in the value chain. Feminization of agriculture due to young male out-migration. Underlying Barriers for Achieving the Stated Proposition: • Low productivity resulting to low availability specially for poor households; • Pre and post-production losses and more cost of production; • Land degradation and fragmentation, fallowness; • Poor connectivity and limited mobility and market access of products specially produced by women, poor and smallholders; • Loss of biodiversity and food diversification; • Low level of information on local food, nutrition and breast feeding; • More attraction to processed foods; • Disproportionate impact of disaster on poor and vulnerable groups; • No wage rates fixed and differentiated rates for men and women; • Lack of regular employment opportunities; • Male migration and increased feminization; • Lack of technical human resources that responds to needs of diverse communities; • Lack of awareness among farmers on market information • No long-term policies and plans in favor of small holders • Social discriminatory norms, practices and role divisions in accessing food. Actions for three years: • Create employment opportunities; • Ensure wage equality in the jobs; • Increase incomes in all nodes of food value chain; • Enhance social and cultural capital • Risk aversion plans for poor and vulnerable; • Assessment of local potentials to diversify and promote food and nutrition sources • Prepare 3-10 year’s midterm and long-term policies, plans and programs; • Deploy technical human resources specially at the local levels; • Targeting policies and programs for women, people with disabilities, small holders; • Ward level structure to identify and recommend backward groups to get access to services • Women to organize in groups for capacity building • Awareness raising about right to food; • Farmer identification and targeted support; • Geography responsive technologies throughout the food chains; • Climate responsive pro-poor production system and vulnerability-based insurance schemes; and • Establish inclusive food system. Assessing the success of Action: • Local level agriculture strategy; • Participatory program design, monitoring and evaluation system in place; • Class based representation in those processes will be ensured; • Farmers networks get supported and mobilized; • Strengthened mobile monitoring, indicator based monitoring, and joint monitoring • Farmer’s participation in the food policy development process. Roles and Responsibilities of governments and other stakeholders: • Federal governments: devise policies and make necessary amendments to make it demand responsive of different actors in the food chain; • Provincial governments: to develop provincial strategy for inclusive livelihoods opportunities for all in the food chain; and • Local government: to define local strategy, guidelines that need based, demand and potential of local demography, geography and cultural needs. Leer menos

Discussion Topic AT3: Boost nature-positive food production at scale Context: Increased biodiversity losses, deforestation and land degradation are major problems. One third of agricultural lands are fallow and degraded, and a large portion are converted to settlements and infrastructure. Poverty has forced households in forest and pastureland encroachment. Production of major staples and commercial vegetables in some pockets has caused excessive mining of soil nutrients, water depletion and agrochemical pollution. Food habits mostly towards rice and wheat have led to a narrow dietary diversit... Leer másy; this has resulted in loss of traditional crops and indigenous knowledge. Underlying causes affecting the stated proposition: Dependency on imported crop varieties is increasing with lack of site-specific food production; lack of production in broader landscape/agroecosystem level. Lack of land utilization policy and plans have promoted rapid conversion of fertile agriculture lands into settlements and other non-agriculture use. Disappearance of indigenous food system; rural out-migration; inadequate capacity development of farmers; lack of agriculture mechanization. Underlying barriers for achieving the stated proposition: • Lack of proper management soils • Loss of agrobiodiversity • Lack of research on sustainable management of agricultural systems • Open grazing system resulting in degradation of lands and vegetations • Absence of climate smart technologies • Transboundary trade disturbing local competitiveness Actions for the next 3 years: • Revitalization of traditional agricultural system • Niche based agriculture production and marketing • Micro-irrigation based farming system • In situ conservation of agrobiodiversity • Sloppy land-based technology (SALT) adoption and farming in mountains • Fruit and agroforestry based farming system • Mechanization to reduce drudgery • Community based land /organic technologies and service delivery • Gender friendly post-harvest technologies • Promotion of community seed banks • Formulation of local resource conservation with CSB • Establishment of in-situ farms (crops, livestock) Assessing the success of Action: • Strengthening monitoring system at the local and provincial level • Indicators based tracking system • Development of feedback mechanisms • Develop a master plan for organic based farming Roles/responsibilities of 3 tiers Governments & Other Stakeholders: Federal government: Policy formulation, guidelines development, International level dialogue and linkages Provincial government: Monitoring and coordination with 3-tiers government Local Government: Data collection and implementation Leer menos

Discussion Topic AT2: Shift to sustainable consumption patterns. Context: About 4.6 million people are food insecure in Nepal; Prevalence of triple burden of malnutrition-under nutrition, overweight/ obesity, and micronutrient deficiency. Stunting, wasting and low weight in children contributing to 52 percent of child mortality; obesity among children and adolescents has increased by 29 times in the past four decades. Underlying causes affecting the stated proposition: Change in dietary pattern characterized by two-meal-rice (per capita rice consumption increased by nearly 70% in 50 years). Di... Leer másetary shift towards unhealthy processed foods high in saturated and trans-fat, salt and sugar neglecting nutritious indigenous crop-based foods. Underlying Barriers for Achieving the Stated Proposition: • Ineffective execution of Acts and regulations • Lack of awareness, high reproductive rate, lack of food diversification • High use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides that have negative impact. • Problem with culture and traditions • No value addition of food products and no proper utilization of food grains. • Inadequate infrastructures like roads and storage facilities • Inadequate technologies for food processing and value addition • Lack of promotion of local food products • Lack of research and studies and less use of indigenous seeds • Inadequate promotion of fruits available in the province • No clear policy for local seeds, replacement of local seeds of food grains by imported seeds • Lack of research of different nutrition required for different age groups, women, and youths. • No mechanism developed and enforced for behavioral change and it is not linked with education and training. • Marketing of junk food whereas Himalayan food system is not attractive. Actions for three years: • Sharing of policies formulated by federal, provincial and local governments. • Managing the export of locally produced apple and beans through government and private procurement • Programs to promote low volume high value products • Prioritize for agro-ecological tourism (Rara, Shey Phoksundo etc.) and their promotion • Effective implementation of school feeding program with high priority, adoption costed menu of food • Considering the NCD in adults, give attention to hygienic food product consumption. • Discourage the use of pesticides and promote the organic products • Improve the child nutrition by diversifying the balanced diet menu • Conservation of wetlands for increasing crop productivity • Promote Nutrition education at the school level by developing curriculum • Establish linkage of local products with markets • Programs for collection, processing and value addition, production, and marketing of NTFPs • Establish fair (subsidized) shops targeting poor and vulnerable communities. • Proper management of people living in the pasture areas and encourage them for livestock raising • Branding of organic production and marketing them in major cities • Increase access with Tibet for the sale of locally produced commodities. • Establishment of cold stores and cold chains • Promote environment-friendly agriculture and prioritize the production and use of organic pesticides at the local level • Promotion of local crops like chino (chino millet), kaguno (foxtail millet) and other local products Assessing the success of Action: • Develop strong monitoring system • Social auditing of the implemented programs • Monitoring of the nutritive value and expiry date of food products • Regular reporting and feedback mechanism • Research and continuous studies Role of Governments and other Stakeholders: • Transform sustainable consumption of foods in collaboration of three tiers of governments • Provision of necessary legal aspect and policies • Wider sharing and dissemination of policies among the stakeholders • Mobilization of local farmers for sustainable production of foods by the local government • Collection and management of statistics by the local government and request for needed support from the province • Identification of production pockets by the local government • Promote drip irrigation system in rainfed/water deficient area Leer menos

Discussion Topic AT 1: Ensure safe and nutritious food for all Context: The cereal grain availability is fluctuating due to variations in production; per capita availability has reached from 194 Kg (2001/02) to 237 Kg (2017/18); 48.2% households are food secure, whereas 10% are severely food insecure. Percentage of severely food insecure households are more in rural areas (11.7%) than in urban (8.8%), the percentage is highest in Karnali Province (17.5%) followed by Sudurpaschim (13%) and Province-2 (10.7%). Situation of nutrition has improved over the period of 1996 to 2019: stunting decrease... Leer másd from 57 to 32%, underweight 42 to 24, and wasting from 15 to 12%. Underlying causes affecting the stated proposition: Locally available nutritious crops/foods getting less importance; biodiversity/cultural diversity not promoted. No focus on micronutrients; poor nutrition including breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices; many families do not have access to nutrient rich foods; growing burden of non-communicable diseases; divergence between nutrition and WASH programmes due to lack of coherence between food security and nutrition sectors. Underlying Barriers for Achieving the Stated Proposition: • Lack of access to production inputs including irrigation • Emergence and attack of new pests like army worm • No profits and margins to the stakeholders involved in value chains. • Lack of storage and value adding infrastructures. • Difficult terrain of Karnali province. • No proper conservation, consumption and marketing of indigenous/local crops and commodities • Indigenous/Traditional skills and knowledge not utilized properly • No scientific validation of Indigenous/Traditional practices • Poor adoption of time specific/context specific technologies • Inadequate nutrition security and food diversification • Discriminatory behavior and discrimination in distribution of food • No proper identification of climate adaptive crops/commodities for production and marketing • Lack of proactiveness of the committees concerned with food and nutrition • Inadequate skilled agricultural manpower at province and local level • Inadequacy of financial resources • Low availability at the local level and poor economic and physical access to food • Occurrence of natural disasters and diseases • Less priority to agriculture by all three tiers of governments and poor coordination among them Actions for three years: • Regulation/control of junk/ultra-processed foods • Food fortification to increase the consumption of micro-nutrients • Provide seed capital for youth-targeted programs to promote entrepreneurship. • Food fairs, demonstrations, and promotional programs • Promote integrated food value chains • Increasing the crop and livestock insurance coverage • Demonstration of food nutrition baskets/local recipe • Documentation and mapping of indigenous crops/commodities and prepare food consumption guidelines • Development of agricultural infrastructures • Home-based/local based school meal program • Culinary education at schools and community • Publication about the status of agriculture and food security • Documentation and dissemination of knowledge about the production and consumption of alternative food products • Managing agricultural technicians at Municipal level and maintaining information desk • Enhancing the capacity of farmers and cooperatives • Protect crops from wild animals. Assessing the success of Action: • Inclusive Planning • Strengthening Monitoring system • Progress reporting and auditing • Delineate clear roles and responsibility and develop accountability mechanism. • Organize learning sharing sessions. • Strong coordination among three tiers of the governments and other stakeholders Roles and Responsibilities of governments and other stakeholders: • Proactiveness of the committees concerned with food and nutrition. • Effective implementation of multisectoral nutrition program • Priority to agricultural sector in plans, policies, and budget allocation • Agricultural pockets development based on the potentiality and allocate required budget. • Formulate food and nutrition policy at province and local level. Leer menos

The provincial dialogue provided opportunity to engage participants from different agencies, sectors, and disciplines including the government, academia, researcher, farmers’ organization, civil societies and private sectors from different parts of the country. During the dialogue, critical discussions were held to examine the provincial food systems to understand potential causes/barriers and drivers and generate ideas to decide bold actions for the next 3 years. Indeed, this will be further verified and refined after the feedback from the Provincial, and second and third national dialogues... Leer más. Five Action Tracks and one cross cutting lever of change were the Discussion Topics. Following the constitutional provision, cross cutting lever of change was selected as the Right to Food and Food Sovereignty Act as a legal framework for the sustainable food system in Nepal. Hence, six groups rigorously discussed on these topics following the ATs propositions and reference questions mentioned in Section A above. Relevant officials of the Government of Nepal had chaired the groups, while the thematic experts from the government and non-government sectors had facilitated the discussions, and designated rapporteurs from different agencies had documented the discussion points. Whole exercise was concluded with big team efforts. The dialogue also collected some learning to reflect impression and work further on as following: 1. Some participants were new to virtual meetings (attending the session using online platform to participate in specific groups); 2. Less no. of participation from industries and value chains (actors). 3. The issues were well understood by the participants, which were common for some of the ATs. Drivers of change and actions mentioned were also common to some tracks. 4. There was a common understanding among the working groups about the role and responsibilities of the three spheres of the government in Nepal, in terms of formulating policies, regulations, education, and their implementation. Participants suggested to draw clear delineation of the roles and responsibilities of the three spheres of government. 5. There was strong commitment from the stakeholders to address the issues of access to food, nutrition, distribution and effective implementation of policies and regulations. Overall, participants had actively engaged in different groups to exchange and share ideas and potential actions for analyzing and improving the Nepalese food system in general and provincial food system in particular. Some potential and emerging issues were identified and validated; the dialogue was also helpful in raising awareness and elevating public discussion on key food system issues and identify potential options and solutions for making food system inclusive, resilient and sustainable (refer Section C below). Leer menos

Government of Nepal, National Planning Commission (NPC), organized the provincial Food Systems Dialogue of Karnali Province on 27th June 2021 on the theme Nepal towards an equitable, resilient and sustainable food system. Hon. Dr Krishna Prasad Oli delivered the welcome and opening remarks. Dr. Rajendra Prasad Mishra, Secretary Ministry of Land Management, Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOLMAC) and Provincial Dialogue Curator curated the dialogues. Major focus of the dialogue was to engage stakeholders for a comprehensive exploration of food systems in Nepal as part of the process for the UN Fo... Leer másod Systems Summit 2021. The specific objectives of the dialogue were to; • raise awareness and promote public discussion on the food systems, • examine current situation and identify key aspects of Nepalese food systems, such as the drivers, actions, pathways, and • explore opportunities for food system to make it equitable, sustainable and resilient. Total of 100 participants attended the event representing different stakeholder groups, background, institutions, and professions. In order to generate focused dialogues and collect the specific inputs, participants were assigned to respective Action Track (AT) Groups after a brief opening session in the plenary. The AT coordinators, facilitators, co-facilitators, and rapporteurs facilitated the dialogue process and documented the discussion outcomes. Each AT Group had proposition and reference questions to engage in dialogue and provide inputs as follows: AT 1 Proposition: Increased agriculture productivity and develop sustainable food chain for affordable safe, healthy, and nutritious diet to improve levels of nutrition, ensure all people to be well nourished and healthy and achieve zero hunger. AT2 Proposition: Enabling, inspiring and motivating people to enjoy healthy and sustainable consumption options; Slashing food loss and waste; and transitioning to a circular economy through advancing in technological, environmental, economic, social, regulatory, and institutional fronts. AT3 Proposition: Protect natural ecosystems from new deforestation and conversion for food and feed production; manage sustainably existing food production systems; restore degraded ecosystems and rehabilitate soil function for sustainable food production. AT4 Proposition: Developing inclusive and diverse food systems that contribute to the elimination of poverty and food and nutrition insecurity by creating jobs, raising incomes across food value chains; protecting and enhancing cultural and social capital; reducing risks for the poorest and increasing value distribution. AT5 Proposition: Developing inclusive and equitable food systems to ensure that all people within a food system are empowered to prepare for, withstand, and recover from instability and participate in a food system that, despite shocks and stressors, delivers food security, nutrition, and equitable livelihoods for all. AT6: Referring to the overarching legal document developed based on the constitutional provision, Right to Food and Food Sovereignty Act (2018), is considered as a legal framework. Hence, this Act and related policies are the key to strengthen food system governance and accountability and transform food system that is resilient, equitable and sustainable. Dialogue reference questions: Following 5 questions were presented to the participants to facilitate the dialogue: 1. What are the underlying causes/ barriers for achieving the stated proposition? 2. What are the key drivers of unsustainable food system? 3. What actions in the next 3 years will have greatest impact on the Discussion Topic? 4. How will it be possible to tell if these actions are being successful? 5. What are the role and responsibilities of the food system actors including those of the federal, provincial, and local Governments in sustainable food system transformation in Nepal? Leer menos

Relativement à l’accessibilité et la disponibilité.- En effet, certains participants ont reproché au débat d’avoir été trop centré sur l’accessibilité alors qu’Haïti, ne produisant pas assez de denrées pour subvenir au besoin de la population, se voit contrainte de se plier aux exigences de la production massive primordialement. D’autres considèrent que même en cas de disponibilités suffisantes, on peut être dans l'insécurité alimentaire si les produits disponibles ne sont pas accessibles à cause des contraintes diverses. Sur cette base, la question de l'accessibili... Leer másté alimentaire a été abordée sous un triple angle permettant de prendre en compte, d'une part, l'état actuel du niveau d'accès physique aux aliments ce qui réfère à la disponibilité des produits de consommation et, d'autre part, les facteurs et conditions influençant le niveau d'accès aux aliments sur le plan monétaire mettant en relief les systèmes de protection sociale. Leer menos