استكشاف الملاحظات الرسمية للحوار

Group 4: Advancing Equitable Livelihoods in Nigeria Actions urgently needed • Commitment and sincerity by all stakeholders is urgently required Who should take the actions? • Everyone- the people and government. Ways in which progress could be assessed • Rural ambassadors of food system forum progress reporting

Group 3: Global Food System at Crossroads: Policy Landscape and Governance Factor for Boosting Nature Positive Production at Scale in Nigeria: The Right to Food Approach Actions urgently needed • Commitment and sincerity by all-government showing sincerity to her policies. Issues raised during discussion • where are the local functional extension services that should be domiciled within the local communities where the end users have access to right, adequate and valuable key information in rural localities food systems? Who should take the actions? • Functional extension services domicil... قراءة المزيدed within the local communities by government and private. Ways in which progress could be assessed • Government and the people-rural ambassadors of food system forum قراءة القليل

Group 2: Shift to Healthy and Sustainable Consumption Patterns Actions urgently needed • Awareness of food selection fit for consumption • Keep clean our cooking environment • Awareness on what to eat and at what age • Wash all vegetables with salt gently but do not squeeze. Who should take the actions? • All stakeholders (government, the people) Ways in which progress could be assessed • Institutionalizing the forum in the rural areas to encourage frequent discussion among the stakeholders- rural ambassadors for food system

Group 1: Poor people are able to eat nutritious foods that will not make them sick Actions urgently needed Strand 1: Reducing hunger and inequality • Youth involvement to have their piece of land for farming • Everyone must fit into doing something across the value chain • Attempt to be responsible for producing what you eat Strand 2: Increasing availability and affordability of nutritious foods • Production of varieties of crops at different locations for consumption and the surplus sold to earn little income. • Government championing the food crop production and stored up to be sol... قراءة المزيدd during the lawn period at a subsidized rate to masses. Strand 3: Ensuring safe food • Good post-harvest handling guarantees safe food • Increase awareness on modern food processing technology eg false bottom rice processing • Training women on the method of food preparation to retain its nutritive value. • Food combination in correct proportion and required quantity. Cross-Cutting • The population a limiting factor to the equitable and sustainable local food system, hence house management is crucial. Who should take the actions? • All stakeholders are to be involved Ways in which progress could be assessed • Implementation of the submissions • Frequent stakeholders meetings/engagement/ put in place local ambassadors for food system قراءة القليل

The dialogue agreed the following were the key opinions and deliberations of the stakeholders during the summit, was tagged as “the ideal situation in their local food system”: • The major crops found in the localities are rice, guinea corn, ground nut, millet, maize and cassava were predominant in the food system of the people. • It was agreed that action to be taken to end poverty should include contribution of all stakeholders to the food system, helping the less privileged as well as multi-stakeholders approach to waste management. • It was agreed that local functional extension ... قراءة المزيدservices should be domiciled within the local communities where they are accessible to the end users as right, adequate, accessible and valuable information is key in rural localities food systems. • It was agreed that practical solution to end hunger should include youth involvement in food system, produce what you eat, no laziness, everybody must be engaged. • It was agreed that population is one of the negative impact in food system, the way out include more food production cycle in a year, farming activities encouraged for everyone, household management (child spacing), improved technology across the value chain. • It was agreed that to make our food nutritious, available and affordable, following actions should be taken: encourage more production to cater for availability, input supplies, adding value, improving storage facilities, teach new technologies, sensitization on food combination and food consumption patterns etc. • It was agreed to have good healthy sustainable food system, the following actions are to be taken: keep clean cooking environment, food selection for age range consumption, create awareness on what to eat, good food handling methods should be encouraged e.g. rinsing vegetable with salt without squeezing • It was agreed that protecting/managing our natural resources within the food system should include creation of green vegetation and planting of trees as well as consciousness on the part of stakeholders to protect the environment. • For functional and equitable livelihood food system, it was agreed that sincere commitment and honesty of all stakeholders is crucial. • Continuous food system dialogue at the rural localities should be institutionalized by involving all the local community heads, traditional leaders, religious leaders, security personnel, youth representatives etc. within the localities. • It was also agreed that to assess the progress of all the recommendations as being implemented in the next 3-10 years, there should be a behavioural change in actions such as maintaining rural ambassadors’ of food system forum, local feedback system, taking ownership of local infrastructures قراءة القليل

The dialogue focused on a comprehensive exploration of the people, place, activities actions that bring food spanning through production, processing, marketing, transportation, nutrition, health, etc for safe food for all. The dialogue provided opportunities for the stakeholders to discuss and debate ways to ensure a food system that would be sustainable and equitable. Generally, discussions aimed at reducing poverty, increased food security, improved human health, and many other things were debated and each participant aired their views and opinions. The dialogue discussion was very orderly a... قراءة المزيدnd interactive. The Rural Food Systems Dialogue engaged more of the rural stakeholders taking into consideration the major food crops produced in the area. The major constraints and the practical solutions to address the same were discussed. The participants shared their individual experiences of the status of their activities as it relates to the food system within their localities and pointed out challenges as well as suggested practical solutions through interventions from different quarters. Earlier brief introduction and a welcome address from the facilitator of the Rural Community Food Systems Dialogue commenced the program. Goodwill messages from the representative of the Council Chairman, religious and traditional leaders, farmers, civil societies other women and youth participants were received to buttress their commitment to the food system dialogue community. The curator gave a brief intro into the discussion sessions, divergence opinions and views were moderated and an agreed communique was issued at the end of fruitful and thorough deliberations. قراءة القليل

At the core of a lot of divergences is that some stakeholders prefer processes that rely on individual/household level change (demand side actions), while others prefer processes that rely on institutional change (supply-side actions)  Therefore, the major area of divergent from the stakeholders was promulgate policy in support of establishment of Nigeria forest guards to tackle of farmers/herders crises and arm banditry within the rural communities. 2. Reduction of fiscal space: There was a strong suggestion for development of farm land within the food system to enable the down-stream stak... قراءة المزيدeholders to have access to land. 3. Lobbying and interference by special interests: This was mention by some stakeholders as one of the issues taking away corrupt practices in order to achieved a sustainable food system in Nigeria. 4. Social norms are difficult to change Yes some stakeholders agree social norms are difficult to change but the welcome innovation with gradual change the will achieve an inclusive and sustainable working food system in Nigeria. 5. The assumption that youths would want to work in agriculture or agro-processing / food manufacturing Yes, this was a welcome advantage for the youth as presented by youth stakeholders represented. 6. Need to ensure that innovation and technology transfer is fair: Way to ensure that innovation and technology transfer is fair and equitable was brought out that if fairness, equity and justice in place avoidance of corrupt practice this will be achieved within the food system in Nigeria. 7. Stakeholders working in silos That enabling environment for all stakeholders to work interlinked the goal of SDG will be achieved in 2030. 8. Preponderant national emphasis on undernutrition: Make sure food is made available affordable for all the issue of undernutrition will be a thing of the past. 9. Trust deficits: That trust should be built across all stakeholders in the food system taking all as equal then food system in Nigeria will be built toward making food available for all. 10.0 Recommendations: i. That Government must ensure safety of farmers by improving harmonious co-existence between farmers and herders. This they say can be achieved through the following A) Allowing an all- inclusive Stakeholders periodic meeting between leaders of both parties. B) Empower the security outfits such as the local vigilantes, community policing and establishment of forest guards to secure farmers on their farms. C) Promulgate enabling laws that allows for ranching against open grazing. ii. Participants agreed that provision of farming inputs such as improved resistance seedlings, fertilizers, other agro chemical will help improve increased crop yields. iii. That Government should partner with Donor agencies in building crops processing plants and storage facilities to avoid wastage of farm products. Especially for fast perishable products such as vegetables. iv. To avoid wastage of farm products in the farm due to inability to transport products to target market, concerted efforts on the part of Government is needed in the construction of rural feeder roads. v. Law against deforestation should be enforced. Tree fellers should always plant five trees for every one tree they fall. vi. Participants agreed that, for farmers to go into large scale farming soft loans with single digit interest should be provided. It makes it easier for farmers to mechanized their farms. vii. For up to date know - how on new farming technology, the services of extension farmers are required at the grass root level. Government should engage the services of extension workers to get this gap filled. قراءة القليل

Group 5: Building the Resilience of Food Systems in Nigeria to withstand Vulnerabilities, Shocks and Stresses Actions urgently needed for Improved Food availability for resilience The action that is urgently needed for improved food availability for resilience are Provision of inputs for farmers for increase in production across the country, Provision of affordable credit facilities, Provision of storage facilities, improve infrastructure e.g. Road network, market linkages, Capacity building on environmental preservation and food reserved silos establishment etc. within the Nigeria food system... قراءة المزيد. • Solutions that was propose to address food insecurity and prevent future sources of conflict, manage tensions and other stresses in our food systems in Nigeria was to Revisit tax laws, especially the current produce laws that are not favourable to farmers, Advocate for peaceful coexistence between farmers and headers, Engage the relevance stakeholders in sensitization/dialogue meeting on food production. • The potential action that could be taken was that enforcement of the existing laws that promote food security in Nigeria, adopt climate smart agricultural practices, effective and efficient monitoring and evaluation. Who should take the actions? Government and the private sectors engagement. Ways in which progress could be assessed Ways in which progress could be assessed id through proper supervision, monitoring and evaluation. This action Track 5 work to ensure the continued functionality of sustainable food systems in areas that are prone to conflict or natural disasters. The Action help to bring out issues on promote global action to protect food supplies from the impacts of pandemics. this is to ensure that all people within a food system are empowered to prepare for, withstand, and recover from instability. Its also aims to help people every stakeholders participate in food systems that, despite shocks and stressors, deliver food security, nutrition and equitable livelihoods for all. The potential game-changing and systemic solutions that drive the transition towards equitable livelihoods in Nigeria. • The potential actions that could be taken to advance equitable livelihoods in the context of food systems in Nigeria are; Subsidy of Farm Inputs, Availability of credit facilities on a single digit note, Policy in support to eliminate corruptions in all contest of food system in Nigeria, Policy in support of land availability through land development for increase in production to make food available for all in Nigeria. • The main actors that would put this action into place in Nigeria is All stakeholders in the food system. • How we can restore and rehabilitate degraded ecosystems and soil function for sustainable food production are to Discourage disforestation, encourage the use of organic fertilizer, planting of cover crops to help in soil erosion, Minimum tillage of the soil to maintain soil structure and discourage bush burning. قراءة القليل

Group 4: Advancing Equitable Livelihoods in Nigeria This can be done through promoting full and productive employment and decent work for all actors along the food value chain, reducing risks for the country’s poorest, enabling entrepreneurship and addressing the inequitable access to resources and distribution of value by improving resilience through social protection and seek to ensure that food systems “leave no one behind. Actions urgently needed • What we need to consider to address food insecurity and enhance food systems resiliency in Nigeria through, Establishment of ranches for ... قراءة المزيدherders, Provision of employment, Reduction of insecurity and Provision of credit facility (loan) to farmers. Who should take the actions? The Government. Ways in which progress could be assessed Ways in which progress could be could still through proper supervision, monitoring and evaluation Provision of inputs for farmers within the Nigerian food system. قراءة القليل

Group 3: Global Food System at Crossroads: Policy Landscape and Governance Factor for Boosting Nature Positive Production at Scale in Nigeria: The Right to Food Approach Actions urgently needed This was discussed aim in to deepen understanding of the constraints and opportunities facing smallholder farmers and small-scale enterprises along the food value chain. It will also strive to support food system governance that realigns incentives to reduce food losses and other negative environmental impacts, such as discouragement of bush burning, Promote afforestation, Crop rotation and Bush fallowi... قراءة المزيدng within the food system. • How we can sustainably manage existing food production systems to the benefit of both nature and people are; Through, improve food processing, promote afforestation, Bush fallowing, Crop rotation and A just transition to sustainable agriculture through policy reform and public support Redirect support for subsidies to incentivize a just transition to sustainable agriculture, addressing food and nutrition security as well the climate and nature emergencies. etc. • How we can restore and rehabilitate degraded ecosystems and soil function for sustainable food production, are through Conversion of farm wastes into animal feeds e.g. cassava peels etc., Production of organic manure from waste, planting of economy trees and Planting of cover crops e.g. legumes. Issues raised during discussion Avoidance of bush burning, promote afforestation, Crop rotation and Bush fallowing and promulgate policy in support of establishment of Nigeria forest guards to tackle of farmers/herders crises and arm banditry within the rural communities. Who should take the actions? -All stakeholders in the food system Ways in which progress could be assessed The progress could be assessed through proper monitoring, supervision and evaluation within the food system in Nigeria. قراءة القليل

Group 2: Shift to Healthy and Sustainable Consumption Patterns Actions urgently needed -Provision of VIP Toilets, Provision of water facilities and Building of Recycling centre for conversion of waste to wealth through using urban Food method, by Stimulating local access and demand for fresh, healthy food with proposition includes actions undertaken by urban to create environments where sustainable consumption become the default. The solution has a strong link to food producers, including by promoting direct public procurement and various actions for supporting local farmers to adopt nature po... قراءة المزيدsitive practices. - Policy in support of food environments that provide access to affordable, healthy diets, encourage food product reformulation and drive shift to sustainable consumption Relevant economic measures may include taxes on certain food products, tax related to carbon footprint via VAT, subsidies for healthy food products, and income transfers delivered through social protection schemes. - Well packaging and labelling nutrition food helping consumers to make informed choices, thereby promoting healthy diets delivered through sustainable food systems, in points-of-sale and out-of-home with proposition aims to provide convenient, relevant and readily understood nutrition and environment information or guidance on food packs or menus, to assist all consumers, particularly children, and promote reformulation. Who should take the actions? All stakeholders most especially the Government through establishing food dietary guidelines and principles and this should also be applied in guiding other relevant public policy such as public procurement, fiscal policies, etc. Ways in which progress could be assessed Through proper supervision, monitoring and evaluation by Foster states and national conversation around coherence for healthier food environment policies that cut across all stakeholders like including international financial institutions, UN agencies, intergovernmental institutions, academia, civil society, and donors, and focusing on making effective healthy food environment policies (e.g., labelling, levies, and marketing restrictions) the norm in all counties. قراءة القليل

Group 1: Poor people are able to eat nutritious foods that will not make them sick Actions urgently needed Strand 1: Reducing hunger and inequality • How do we accelerate hunger reduction in Nigeria? -Through Increase Nutritious Food production in Nigeria. • How do we make nutritious foods more available and affordable in Nigeria? -Encouraging processing and value addition and make credit loan more affordable on a single digit bases and provision of land through developing land for the farmers and affordable/accessible credit scheme. - Provision of fund through organizations/Government tha... قراءة المزيدt will be channels towards private-sector resources (inform of credit scheme/ percentage of profits for the participating corporations plus a matching mechanism for donors and governments) to investments to end hunger by 2030. - Encourage public-private partnerships that that guide towards incentivize and enable precision agriculture companies to ensure access for low-income, smallholder farmers (men and women), enabling them to improve production quantity and quality and increase incomes. • How do we make food safer from farm to table in Nigeria? -Proper harvesting method, Good transportation means, Good access road, Proper processing method, Proper Storage, Use of right chemicals to preserve, Proper hygiene and Access to good water • What is the potential action that can be taken? The potential action that is needed to be taking are the Provision of good farm Roads, Provision of Clean water, Provision of modern harvesting equipment, Provision of basic farm transportation means such as vehicle, pickup van, Open body tricycle etc., through subsidy to enable the rural farmers to acquire them, building of small scale processing centres for value addition, Provision of proper storage facilities in the rural communities, Capacity building of rural famers is greatly needed to enhance the use of inputs and Provision of proper hygiene VIP toilet. • Who are the main actors that would put this action into place? -All the stakeholders and mostly Government. • Within which category does this intervention most easily fall? Nutrition-sensitive agriculture etc. - All stakeholders with Government in the fore front. • What would change about food in the eye of consumers in terms of availability, affordability, accessibility, convenience, safety, quality, desirability etc.? -Good Storage facilities, Hygienic processing centres, Good preservative measures, Proper packaging. • Is this primarily about reducing hunger, making nutritious foods more available and affordable, or improving safety? -Good Storage facilities, Hygienic processing centres, Good preservative measures and Proper packaging etc. Strand 2: Increasing availability and affordability of nutritious foods Encouraging processing and value addition and make credit loan more affordable on a single digit bases and provision of land through developing land for the farmers and affordable/accessible credit scheme. Strand 3: Ensuring safe food Proper harvesting method, Good transportation means, Good access road, Proper processing method, Proper Storage, Use of right chemicals to preserve, Proper hygiene and Access to good water Cross-Cutting -The potential action that is needed to be taking are the Provision of good farm Roads, Provision of Clean water, Provision of modern harvesting equipment, Provision of basic farm transportation means such as vehicle, pickup van, Open body tricycle etc., through subsidy to enable the rural farmers to acquire them, building of small scale processing centres for value addition, Provision of proper storage facilities in the rural communities, Capacity building of rural famers is greatly needed to enhance the use of inputs and Provision of proper hygiene VIP toilet. - Empower the security outfits such as the local vigilantes, community policing and establishment of forest guards to secure farmers on their farms. -Promulgate enabling laws that allows for ranching against open grazing. Who should take the actions? All the stakeholders and mostly Government. قراءة القليل

 The major changes observed in production, processing and marketing of food within the food system in the community before and now are that before there was an excess rainfall but now they are experiencing shortage of rainfall, Increased insecurity, incessant farmer’s herders’ clashes, Poor access to Agro-input before but with interventions now they have access to inputs but challenges lack of enough finance.  In the stakeholders own view of what is their vision for food system in the next three (3) and ten (10) years is that National agriculture and food policies should be promoted ... قراءة المزيدto enhance production of affordable nutritious, sustainably produced food while rewarding fairly all farmers and food workers, comprehensive traceability systems and appropriate labelling ensure all consumers have access to clear, reliable information about how and where food is produced, empowering them to make informed choices, National should determine contributions to climate action that are based on nature-positive agriculture practices that are developed and tested by farmers, Fair, safe and sustainable supply chains ensure a responsible use of natural resources and a reduction of food loss and waste, making sustainability the easy choice for consumers. Trade policies (import and export) to facilitate access to affordable, safe and nutritious food for all, while contributing to country economic and commercial objectives, as well as resilient and best livelihoods for down- stream food producers (farmers). (i) How these changes impacted positively or negatively in our food system? NEGATIVE - The community food system experiences low production leads to low yield which in-turn leads to high cost of food even within the community market. POSITIVE: - Increased income for few farmers who have the opportunities to produce more farm products. (ii) What can we do as individual, groups or organizations to correct the mistake? - Idea sharing of knowledge and adoption of best practices in food system (iii) How do you want our food systems to look like by 2030? - Increased food supply and affordable food for all addressing Malnutrition issues, Producers well linked to processors and processors linked to marketers and High quality products produced for end consumers all-inclusive in 2030. (iv) The ways Nigerian food systems be repositioned to: • Reduce rates of malnutrition and improve health and nutrition - Value addition and food fortification. • Contribute to personal health and other unknowns - Production, processing of safe nutritious food in a hygienic environment. • Strengthen resilience and livelihoods especially for vulnerable populations such as the poor rural pastoral and agro-pastoral communities • support them with farm inputs, affordable credits and capacity building in the area of value addition. • Contribute to the well-being of women, youth, children and displaced populations (IDPs and Refugees) - Promulgate policy in support of food availability for the vulnerable population i.e free food for the vulnerable popuplace. • Adapt to climate change considering the contribution of food systems activities to degradation of the planet - Enforcement of law against deforestation, embark on tree planting campaign across the country, planting of economy trees, tree fellers should be incorporated into Government Programmes and encourage dry season farming. • Guarantee the regeneration of our ecosystems and nature and to substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions - Embark on promotion of tree planting campaign to regenerate the existing ecosystem to reduce green house emission. • Shape the livelihoods of those working within the food systems - Encourage capacity building and remuneration that is attractive to spur them to hold on the best practices within the food system. • Maintain functioning food systems in the wake of shocks such as pandemics - To develop practicable policy in support of good storage facilities such as strong food reserved system to take care of shock in the wake of pandemic or in case of any other food shortage crises. (C) Changes must be made so that food systems can meet SDG expectations by 2030 are; Availability of funds to encourage people into farming through credit scheme, Provision of improved seeds and Accessibility to the market by construction of feeder roads. (i) The proposed changes/reforms that must be made to address the major challenges of the current Food Systems are; Availability of funds to encourage people into farming through credit scheme, Provision of improved seeds and Accessibility to the market by construction of feeder roads. (ii) How we can ensure that the proposed changes are equitable and just for all the people (stakeholders) is that all stakeholders must be given equal and fair treatment within the food system guiding principles and provision. The proposed changes be supported through empowering all stakeholders to function properly. (iii) The realistic timelines can we achieve our goal of sustainable, healthy food systems is between 3 – 10 years if all stake holders are linked and function able. (D) On how stakeholders can work well together and differently for collection action: -This could be done through cooperation and synergy linkage of all stake holders functionality and Allowing an all-inclusive Stakeholders periodic meeting between leaders of both parties. (i) Who do you regard a powerful stakeholder to partner with – UN, Government, Donors, Private Sector, Farmer Organizations, Research Institutions, Academia? -All Stakeholders قراءة القليل

The dialogue focusses on to enhance production , processing, marketing of safe nutritious healthy food for all to enhance food system in Nigeria towards achieving sustainable Development Goal in the next 3 to 10 years with cross cutting issues and pathways that came out such as policy formulation to stoppage of farmers herders crisis by establishment of ranching, non-availability of farmers friendly /affordable credit facilities for instance on a single digit loan which some of the stakeholders especially the farmers are soliciting to enable them have access to loan, innovation technology inpu... قراءة المزيدts/mechanization equipment was also an issue indigenous knowledge, and the empowerment of women, young people and marginalized groups for inclusive food for all and enhancement of Nigeria food system. (A) The Dialogue focused on major crops grown in the community in the past and now, which are: Rice, Maize, Yam, Cassava, Beans, Groundnut, melon, Millet, Sesames Seed, Cotton, Cashew, Sugar cane, Sweet potatoes, Castor, Oil Palm, Tomatoes, Vegetables.  The challenges they faced in the production of these crops are; Famers/herders clashes (Insecurity), Lack of Farming Inputs/equipment, Lack of rural road networks, Climate Change, Pest infestation, Lack of Storage facilities  The other food items produced in this community (Livestock, fish and others) were the Goat, Chicken, fish, Turkey, Pig, Cow.  Other agricultural produce they produced in their communities were Garri, fufu, Cassava flour.  The on how the above challenges can be resolved surgested by the participants are to formulation of policy for the establishment of Ranches, Provision of improved security for famers through (Community policing, empowerment of vigilante groups), provision of access to loan, Provision of farm inputs, Farm Mechanization through modern tecgnology for production, Construction of Rural farm roads, Irrigation facilities for dry season farming, Provision of Storage Facilities, Access to improved varieties of crops that is resistance to pest and diseases, establishment of processing centres, Capacity building of downstream stakeholders(farmers), developing technological equipment to reduce post-harvest loss of the crops produced and increasing their shelf-life most especially cassava tubers, Provide access to equipment such as planters, threshers, harvesters and many more others.  On the roles stakeholder need to play to resolve these challenges was that, there should be a synergy between all stakeholders to take up the responsibilities sincerely in respond to ins ascent security crises and food insecurity in Nigeria then there will be food for all.  The role Government can play to achieve enough food sufficiency for the Nigerian people are, the Government should promulgate enabling laws for peaceful co-existence between farmers and herders, subsidize farm inputs, Increase the number of extension workers to give orientation on the adoption of new technology and Government should provide market for the sales of Livestock among others.  The stakeholders that must work together to ensure adequate food sufficiency for Nigerian populace was agree unanimously to be all stakeholders must work together ensure adequate food sufficiency for all.  If hunger is to be reduce the people to act are all the stakeholders inclusive and through Government empowerment of downstream stakeholders (farmers) to increase production, the farmers should form co-operative societies to help for easy access and tracking. قراءة القليل

At the core of a lot of divergences is that some stakeholders prefer processes that rely on individual/household level change (demand side actions), while others prefer processes that rely on institutional change (supply-side actions). a) Individual level change was more easily implemented than institutional change. b) Individual level change outcomes can diffuse across the community and produce similar effect as institutional change over time. c) Individual level change is more sustainable than institutional change. 2. Reduction of fiscal space: a) Arguments for reduction in fiscal space beli... قراءة المزيدeve that few elites kept back the common resources for all (fiscal resources) thereby creating the situation of reduction, which is artificial. b) Those in favour of reduced fiscal space argue that the fiscal space was reduced due to reduced national revenue at all levels of government, individual businesses. 3. Lobbying and interference by special interests: a) Some opinion noted that some individuals/groups were strong in lobbying and negotiating skills for their personal/group interest. b) Other opinion believe that some individuals and group were selfish and hardly represented the interest of the group they were supposed to protect and or advance. c) Nepotism hindered lobbying and brought interference in the sharing of common good to community members at the local level. d) Others argued that tribalism hindered and altered equitable sharing of common good at the national level. 4. Social norms are difficult to change a) Sacred days of farming forbidding farming activities have been changed. b) Observance of festivals before harvest of yams have changed. c) Restriction of certain persons from harvesting certain crops (e.g., vegetables) are still in existence. d) Female circumcision which affects health of individuals and reduce farm labour in extreme cases have been stopped in the community. e) Forbidding women from going to farm during menstrual cycle no longer widely practiced in the community. 5. The assumption that youths would want to work in agriculture or agro-processing / food manufacturing a) Most youths (65%) do not want to work in agriculture or agro-processing/food manufacturing b) Few youths actually own farms, work in agriculture or agro-processing/food manufacturing c) Returns on investment from agricultural activities is low and therefore unattractive to the youths. 6. Need to ensure that innovation and technology transfer is fair: a) The female farmers are not given preference in technology transfer and innovation during intervention. b) Social norms and gender roles hinder females from fair uptake of innovation technology in agriculture that may be available. c) Male dominance in technology and innovation reduces female friendly technologies from adoption. At the core of a lot of divergences is that some stakeholders prefer processes that rely on individual/household level change (demand side actions), while others prefer processes that rely on institutional change (supply-side actions). a) Individual level change was more easily implemented than institutional change. b) Individual level change outcomes can diffuse across the community and produce similar effect as institutional change over time. c) Individual level change is more sustainable than institutional change. 2. Reduction of fiscal space: a) Arguments for reduction in fiscal space believe that few elites kept back the common resources for all (fiscal resources) thereby creating the situation of reduction, which is artificial. b) Those in favour of reduced fiscal space argue that the fiscal space was reduced due to reduced national revenue at all levels of government, individual businesses. 3. Lobbying and interference by special interests: a) Some opinion noted that some individuals/groups were strong in lobbying and negotiating skills for their personal/group interest. b) Other opinion believe that some individuals and group were selfish and hardly represented the interest of the group they were supposed to protect and or advance. c) Nepotism hindered lobbying and brought interference in the sharing of common good to community members at the local level. d) Others argued that tribalism hindered and altered equitable sharing of common good at the national level. 4. Social norms are difficult to change a) Sacred days of farming forbidding farming activities have been changed. b) Observance of festivals before harvest of yams have changed. c) Restriction of certain persons from harvesting certain crops (e.g., vegetables) are still in existence. d) Female circumcision which affects health of individuals and reduce farm labour in extreme cases have been stopped in the community. e) Forbidding women from going to farm during menstrual cycle no longer widely practiced in the community. 5. The assumption that youths would want to work in agriculture or agro-processing / food manufacturing a) Most youths (65%) do not want to work in agriculture or agro-processing/food manufacturing b) Few youths actually own farms, work in agriculture or agro-processing/food manufacturing c) Returns on investment from agricultural activities is low and therefore unattractive to the youths. 6. Need to ensure that innovation and technology transfer is fair: a) The female farmers are not given preference in technology transfer and innovation during intervention. b) Social norms and gender roles hinder females from fair uptake of innovation technology in agriculture that may be available. قراءة القليل

Group 5: Building the Resilience of Food Systems in Nigeria to withstand Vulnerabilities, Shocks and Stresses Actions urgently needed for Improved Food availability for resilience a) Adoption of farming methods that can withstand adverse weather conditions e.g, cultivation of early maturing crops before flooding and drought resistant varieties of maize and massive cultivation of swamp rice in the flood prone area. b) Re-introduction of beans, rice, blight-resistant cocoa-yam variety into the farming system of the community. c) Adoption of mixed farming by all farming households in the communit... قراءة المزيدy. d) Adoption of mix traditional and modern technology and innovation in seed preservation e) Promotion of improved knowledge of connection of environment and food systems among farmers in the community f) Improved local governance. g) Adoption of appropriate technology where light machines for planting, processing with some human effort is used to increase area of cultivation and processed produced. Who should take the actions? a) Farming households in the Community b) Public extension agencies c) Private extension service/inputs providers. d) Rural institutions in the community including farmers’ organisation, youth and women groups and faith-based organisations. e) Intervention agencies interested in rural agricultural development Ways in which progress could be assessed a) Level of awareness of farming households on the connection between food systems and the environment b) Extent of participation of male and female farmers in local governance relevant to food system. c) Number of households adopting farming methods that can withstand adverse weather conditions. d) Extent of crop diversity cultivation among farming households in the community e) Number of households that have re-introduced neglected crops and new livestock species in the community. f) Average number of innovative technologies adopted by individual households and by the communities. قراءة القليل

Group 4: Advancing Equitable Livelihoods in Nigeria Actions urgently needed a) Mass mobilization of households into various components of the farming systems including production, processing, marketing transportation in various agricultural value chain. b) Equitable and socially inclusive interventions in livelihood opportunities across different parts of Nigeria c) Provision of equal opportunities for livelihood for both urban and rural areas in Nigeria. d) Joint monitoring involving rural communities’ representatives and public reporting of how interventions are applied to reduce nepotism ... قراءة المزيدat the local level and tribalism at the National level. e) Increasing the range of agro-commodities value chains that are developed to offer more opportunities to more people in different communities. Who should take the actions? a) Community leaders b) Government c) Community based organisations d) Mass media (including local/traditional media). Ways in which progress could be assessed a) Number of livelihood opportunities available/created in rural and urban areas in Nigeria. b) Number of male and female beneficiaries of livelihood opportunities in rural and urban areas of Nigeria especially oriented towards agriculture. c) Number of new entrants into the farming systems including production, processing, marketing transportation in various agricultural value chain d) Number of new opportunities provided in value chains of neglected crops and livestock. قراءة القليل

Group 3: Global Food System at Crossroads: Policy Landscape and Governance Factor for Boosting Nature Positive Production at Scale in Nigeria: The Right to Food Approach Actions urgently needed a) Mass mobilisation of households to engage in farming activities. b) Use of mix traditional and modern technology and innovation in seed preservation. c) Formation and strengthening of farmers’ organisations in Community. d) Review of existing food related policy to suit present needs and realities. e) Massive awareness on the Right to Food as a fundamental human right to be adopted and agreed to by... قراءة المزيد all states in Nigeria. f) Enactment and enforcement of the Right to food policy and strengthening of institution for implementation. Issues raised during discussion a) Aging of existing farmers reducing available farm labour. b) Lack of interest of young people embracing farming as livelihood activity. c) Inadequate adoption of innovation versus low returns on investment from Agriculture. d) Lack of organisation of farmers into groups e) Weak leadership of community-based organisations which could hinder mass mobilization in favour of mass engagement of persons into food system. f) Lack of awareness of farmers on their rights to food g) Non-existence of enforceable rules, traditional norms against non-farming individuals in the community Who should take the actions? a) Community leaders b) Government c) Community based organisations d) Mass Media as aspect of social responsibility. Ways in which progress could be assessed. a) Quantity of crops harvested, and volume of livestock produced before and after actions were taken. b) Price difference of food items including meats and fish before and after actions were taken. c) Number of newly formed farmers group after action was taken. d) Number of youths in the community engaged in agriculture in the previous two farming seasons. e) Number of states adopting farmer friendly policy which improves ease-of-doing agricultural business. f) Extent of availability of inputs and input price difference before and after actions were taken. قراءة القليل

Group 2: Shift to Healthy and Sustainable Consumption Patterns Actions urgently needed a) Mass production of safe food crops and micro livestock. b) Farming households to increase storage capacities of crop produced using appropriate technology/traditional methods. c) Mass cultivation of diverse nutritious crops aside from the usual staple crops in the community. d) Number extension activities promoting consumption of healthy foods and sustainable agricultural practices. (Number of Famer-Field Days, number of demonstration plots established per planting season in the community). Who should tak... قراءة المزيدe the actions? a) Farming households in the Community b) Public extension agencies c) Rural institutions in the community including farmers’ organisation, youth and women groups and faith-based organisations. d) Intervention agencies interested in rural agricultural development. Ways in which progress could be assessed. a) Number of additional households engaged in agriculture in the community after actions have been taken. b) Number of extension workers working in the community (establish ratio of farm families to Village-based extension agent). c) Frequency of extension contacts with households engaged in farming in the community. d) Difference in individual households agro-produced storage capacity engaged in farming before and after actions were taken. e) Percentage of agro-produce stored in the household with respect to total production volume. (Higher percentage indicates progress). قراءة القليل

Group 1: Poor people are able to eat nutritious foods that will not make them sick Actions urgently needed Strand 1: Reducing hunger and inequality a) Transform all non-arable to cultivable lands accessible by households interested in farming of diverse crops and rearing of livestock including introduction of new crop species and animal breeds. b) Promoting/provision of agricultural machines and equipment for hiring by all members of the community. c) Massive education of farmers on good agricultural practices that incorporates diverse crops and livestock species that will lead to supply of al... قراءة المزيدl essential nutrients needed for good health. This should be done through public agricultural extension services to reach every household. Strand 2: Increasing availability and affordability of nutritious foods. a) Mass production, processing and storage of foods involving all members of the community. b) Cultivation of diverse species of crops and livestock by farmers in the community. This includes the introduction of new crops species and livestock into the farming system. c) Resuscitation of crops and livestock previously farmed in the community. Example, beans, rice, and cocoa-yam. Cocoyam species that can resist blights (disease) should be re-introduced in the farming community. d) Massive production of short-cycle crops (3 – 4 months) lifespan (vegetables, maize, rice, okro and groundnut) while waiting for crops/livestock that take a long time to mature (e.g. cassava). Strand 3: Ensuring safe food. a) Enforcement of existing laws regulating food vendors and banning of fishing using chemical substances. b) Discouragement of consumption of dead floating fishes in the water by community members as has been in practice. c) Promoting the extensive use of organic manure in crop cultivation by all members of the community. d) Proper examination of foods’ wholesomeness before purchase in the market and thorough washing of raw foods before cooking. e) Getting assistance from extension agents in order to adopt current innovations in ensuring cultivation, processing and consumption of food that is safe. Cross-Cutting a) Increase food prices hindering hunger reduction, inequality, and affordability of nutritious foods. b) Flooding because of climate change reduces food security by aggravation losses due to farmland destruction, spoilage, and displacement of farm households from their homes. c) Increase population reducing available land for agriculture and increasing food inflation. d) Traditional practices and norms hindering female participation in certain aspects of the food systems. Significant and continued contribution of the female folks to availability of food and affordability of nutritious food due to age-long customs threatens attainment of elimination of hunger and other related SDG goal. Who should take the actions? a) Government, Community leaders, traditional leaders all actors in the food systems. b) Government, intervention agencies, community members. c) Traditional institutions, and Pro-food/rural development related Non-Governmental Organisations. Ways in which progress could be assessed a) Difference in the number of households in the Community engaged in farming before and after actions were taken. b) Agricultural yield differences before and after actions were taken. c) Number of farming households in the community cultivating other nutritious crops aside their usual staple crops. d) Number of farming households in the community rearing different livestock apart from the native species. e) Number of farming households in the community with good knowledge, positive attitude, and practices on good nutrition. قراءة القليل