استكشاف الملاحظات الرسمية للحوار

El sector Universitario siguiendo los principios para al desarrollo de la nación, sigue las líneas estratégicas en cuanto a las políticas para el fortalecimiento, construcción de la democracia participativa, el ejercicio del pensamiento crítico, el acceso al conocimiento y la pertinencia social de la educación superior; hace énfasis en la transformación de la educación universitaria venezolana y propulsar su articulación institucional y territorial, garantizando el derecho de todas y todos a una educación universitaria de calidad sin exclusiones”. En tal sentido, una de las estra... قراءة المزيدtegias más importantes son: 1. Desarrollo de profesionales en diferentes áreas productivas para el impulso de la nación, por medio de una educación universitaria de calidad sin exclusión. 2. Creación del Proyecto “Alma Mater, como vía de mejoramiento de la calidad, equidad y excelencia de la educación Universitaria. 3. Creación de las Aldeas Universitarias Bolivarianas, con pertinencia social, sentido de arraigo, propósito, como medio de acceso a poblaciones estudiantil de difícil acceso en todo el territorio nacional. 4. Fortalecimiento de las Universidades Nacionales, Experimentales y Territoriales, como vía de impulso de las áreas de producción, investigación, innovación en las carreras y programas de formación afines a los sistemas alimentarios, tecnológicos y biológicos. 5. Desarrollo de centros de investigación universitarios relacionados con especialidades en el área de agroecología, producción animal, vegetal y biológica, como medio para elaboración de alternativas con respecto a los sistemas alimentarios En tal sentido es fundamental, lograr la integración del campesino a los procesos educativos caracterizados por la construcción y socialización del conocimiento de saberes que, junto a la ciencia y la tecnología, potencien la producción de alimentos en el marco de los planes territoriales locales, regionales y nacionales. En ese sentido, el uso de la tierra con fines agrícolas, el proceso agroindustrial, el sistema de comercio justo para garantizar el acceso a los alimentos de toda la población y demás procesos inherentes a la vida y la cultura campesina representan los motivos esenciales para sistematizar la formación integral de los hombres, mujeres y niños que han de ser los protagonistas de la revolución agraria venezolana. قراءة القليل

El Diálogo del sector universitario se fundamenta en: “La Educación Universitaria y su contribución en la construcción de pensamiento para la producción sostenible”.

No hubo áreas de divergencias, ya que hubo consenso en la mayoría de las conclusiones, adoptando un gran nivel en la discusión y puntos de vistas planteados

El Ministerio del Poder Popular de Alimentación desarrollo este Diálogo, a través, del encuentro con el Estado Mayor de Alimentación a nivel nacional, para impulsar Sistemas Alimentarios Sostenibles y Soberanos orientados a satisfacer plenamente las necesidades vitales (alimentarias y nutricionales) de los ciudadanos y no verse como un conglomerado de actividades que solo buscan el interés mercantilista. “Alimentos y Sistemas Alimentarios como un Derecho Humano Fundamental, y no como mercancías o instrumentos de guerra y desestabilización social ,en pro de garantizar una alimentación... قراءة المزيد saludable y el derecho de alimentación del pueblo venezolano. Esta discusión incluyó aspectos clave de la Agenda Nacional relacionada a sistemas alimentarios, analizando la situación actual, así como los retos y necesidades para lograr producción nacional, adecuada distribución para el consumo de la población, minimizando las pérdidas en toda la cadena agroalimentaria. Por tanto los medios más adecuados para aplicar el derecho a una alimentación adecuada varían inevitablemente y de modo considerable de un país a otro, cada uno debe adoptar las medidas que sean necesarias para garantizar que todas las personas estén libres del hambre y a todas las formas de malnutrición existentes, además que puedan disfrutar del derecho a una alimentación sana, sabrosa, segura y soberana. Esto exigirá el reforzamiento de la política pública garantizando la seguridad alimentaria y de nutrición para todos con base a los principios de los derechos humanos que definen los objetivos para formular planes y los indicadores correspondientes, además de identificar los recursos disponibles para la consecución de los objetivos. قراءة القليل

Desde el año 2007, el Gobierno Bolivariano ha diseñado un plan de acción concreta para el logro de los objetivos de desarrollo económico, social, cultural de la nación. En el tercer Plan Socialista de Desarrollo Económico y Social de la Nación, Plan de la Patria 2019 – 2025, en su Objetivo Histórico N° 1 Defender, expandir y consolidar el bien más preciado ha reconquistado después de 200 años: La Independencia Nacional, en su Objetivo Estratégico 1.4 Lograr la soberanía alimentaria para garantizar el sagrado derecho a la alimentación sana, el Gobierno estableció una serie de ... قراءة المزيدacciones para el logro de la meta de Hambre Cero, en concordancia con el Objetivo N° 2 de la CEPAL. Estas acciones, están enmarcadas en: -Democratización de las tierras y fortalecimiento de las prácticas agroecológicas, en la organización e inclusión de las fuerzas campesinas, en las distintas formas de organización productiva para un mayor acceso a los recursos, necesarios para la producción que pueda impulsar el uso racional y sostenible de los mismos, logrando el incremento de manera sostenida la producción, procesamiento, distribución y comercialización de los rubros alimenticios básicos para la población. -Fortalecer las estrategias nacionales para garantizar el derecho a la alimentación, exigir el pleno conocimiento de los principios de responsabilidad, transparencia y participación popular, capacidad legislativa con la finalidad de eliminar la pobreza y asegurar modos de vidas saludables para todos. -Lograr la sustentabilidad agroalimentaria en el mundo y suscribirse en acuerdos que comprometan a los países a utilizar semillas de origen natural sin la incorporación de material transgénico. -Iniciar programas educativos para incentivar una buena lactancia materna que llegue a los entornos escolares y laborales. -Realinear las políticas, el apoyo a los movimientos sociales y la innovación para construir sistemas alimentarios más resistentes que pueden lograrse a través del cambio en los sistemas económicos, hegemónicos e imperiales que manejan el poder de vida del mundo, por sistemas económicos, humanos, justos y equitativos con el planeta, en favor de los más vulnerables, como un sistema económico socialista. -Fortalecer los planes de formación científica y técnica que garantice la innovación en materia agroalimentaria y una educación integral desde la infancia diseñada para la formación cultural basada en los principios de conservación del planeta tierra y del humanismo. -Enfoque tecnológico en la alimentación con aportes nutritivos y seguros para el desarrollo de la agroindustria alimentaria. -Diseño de nuevas formas de alimentación que garanticen una mayor ingesta de nutrientes. -Promover un modelo de política social para la crianza y cuidado amoroso y respetuoso que incorpore buenas practica en alimentación y nutrición y oriente acciones para la erradicación de la Malnutrición infantil en todas sus formas, con la participación activa de la comunidad y las fuerzas sociales que hacen vida en el territorio, considerando sus diversos factores condicionantes. قراءة القليل

El Diálogo estuvo basado en la base organizacional de la estructura nacional, estadal, municipal y parroquial conocida como “Estado Mayor de Alimentación" enfocada para el Impulso de los Sistemas Alimentarios Sostenibles.

Aun es necesario crear los mecanismos que en lo concreto permitan entre el estado y la sociedad civil, dinamizar la producción rural a pequeña y mediana escala y apalancar los mercados locales y nuevas formas de acceso e intercambio que garanticen alimentos saludables a bajo costo en todos los espacios del país, haciendo uso de la tecnología y los conocimientos soberanos para el aprovechamiento máximo de las capacidades productivas del país, a través de medios amigables con el planeta e inclusivos que permitan empoderar a las minorías, como una medida de auto desarrollo y resiliencia f... قراءة المزيدrente al bloqueo criminal Aunque la economía nacional necesite un gran impulso para garantizar los programas de atención social en Nutrición y Alimentación, no solo los grandes productores tienen la capacidad de mejorar la calidad de la alimentación de todos los miembros de la población. قراءة القليل

1 Hábitos alimentarios para el bienestar: Es Contemplar que estos se sustenten y a la vez promuevan sistemas agroalimentarios sostenibles, concebir la educación e información nutricional y alimentaria como eje transversal en todos los componentes del sistema alimentario, con fines emancipadores ante el consumo direccionado por el marketing y la publicidad de grandes transaccionales que atentan contra el bienestar de las poblaciones, debe surgir una poderosa estrategia comunicacional orientada a crear una nueva cultura de consumo de alimentos basada en las necesidades nutricionales, identida... قراءة المزيدd alimentaria de los países y que favorezca el ambiente e impulse la práctica cotidiana de Comer con conciencia. En Educación Nutricional el Instituto Nacional de Nutrición ha realizado de manera continua y sostenida campañas para la concienciación de la población en el cambio de patrones de consumo acordes con los sistemas agroalimentarios que dinamicen las economías rurales y promuevan el consumo de alimentos 4S sano,seguros, sabrosos y soberanos, que estén disponibles y sean accesibles en lo local, garanticen el mantenimiento de un estado nutricional adecuado al tiempo que estimulen el desarrollo económico de las zonas vulnerables priorizadas y los sectores rurales del país. 2. Enfoque de Salud para los sistemas de salud sobre los sistemas agroalimentarios sostenibles: el sector salud del país, reconoce la importancia de una alimentación saludable para garantizar un estado de salud adecuado y un bienestar integral. Identifica en un sistema agroalimentario sostenible, la base para que las personas puedan tener acceso a alimentos sanos, que no afecten sus patrones culturales pero que les permitan prevenir enfermedades crónicas, mantener un sistema inmunológico funcional; desde el sistema de salud se evalúa el acceso a los alimentos a través de sistemas alimentarios respetuosos con el ambiente y promotores de desarrollo como una medidas pudiera permitir disminuir los gastos en salud al estado, pues se pudiera garantizar poblaciones más saludables. Adicionalmente se avanza en resoluciones previa consulta públicas con el pueblo se para regular el etiquetado de alimentos manufacturados con alto contenido de azúcar, grasas saturadas y grasas trans, para la promover el consumo de alimentos saludables 3. Reflexiones del poder popular sobre los sistemas alimentarios sostenibles: El poder popular consciente de la importancia de asumir patrones saludables y sostenibles, considera que un sistema agroalimentario sostenible es la respuesta para el bienestar integral desde el punto de vista económico, social y de salud, consideran que los pasos gigantes que ha avanzado el estado venezolano con el apoyo y un marco legar que promueve la pequeña agricultura y la educación nutricional para el cambio de conciencia. قراءة القليل

En Venezuela existen condiciones legales promovidas por el estado que permiten el desarrollo de los elementos que pueden dinamizar y cristalizar un sistema agroalimentario sostenible que permita a la población materializar la práctica de hábitos saludables para el bienestar

Los hábitos saludables son un conjunto de prácticas que se interconectan e interrelacionan entre sí, para garantizar el bienestar de las personas, pero va más allá de la individualidad, es necesario tomar en cuenta el desarrollo de las relaciones interpersonales, el entorno, la cultura, e inclusive la plataforma tecnológica usada en todo la cadena alimentaria para el desarrollo de la producción de alimentos, el desarrollo social, con la influencia, intrínseca de los factores económicos y políticos que generan las condiciones de vida de una sociedad. Los temas abordados son: • Hábi... قراءة المزيدtos saludables • Marco legal en Venezuela قراءة القليل

There was no marked observation on the areas of divergence.

Discussion Topic AT6: Right to Food and Food Sovereignty Act-a legal framework for sustainable food systems in Nepal Context: Nepal has developed legal framework to ensure good governance of food systems and transform them. The right to food and food sovereignty is enshrined in the constitution, and the government has given priority to ensure safe and nutritious food to all in a sustainable manner. The Right to Food and Food Sovereignty Act accommodates all ATs and provides as a legal framework for the resilient, equitable and sustainable food systems in Nepal. Underlying causes affecting the ... قراءة المزيدstated proposition: Limited consultations with stakeholders, while formulating the Act; outcomes of the consultations were not widely shared. In general, policies are often prepared in rush, and with less attention to preparing action plan. Lack of organized efforts in the implementation of policies. Poor accountability measures on the implementation of laws/policies. Governments, particularly at local levels lack technical capacity to prepare laws and policies. Underlying Barriers to Achieve the Stated Proposition: • Lack of efforts for effective implementation of the Act, regulation, and policies • Farmers are not getting subsidy provided by the government • Inadequate storage facilities at the local level • No minimum support price fixed by the local government, even it is fix lack of ability to procure. • Problem in the storage production inputs like fertilizer • Lack of ensuring cultivate land to landless (sukumbasis) • Not all the agricultural functions carried out by the province and local government as per the constitution • No proper management/regulation of middlemen in agricultural markets • Inadequate financial resources for agricultural programs more specifically for targeted programs • Lack of clarity between provincial and local policies • Lack of agricultural policy to provide employment to skilled/trained/educated people • No clarity about water use and cropping pattern in irrigation projects and programs Actions for the next 3 years: • Internalization of irrigation and capacity development programs of the Ministry • Categorization of the farmers and distribution of Identity card • Control the activity of middlemen in agricultural commodity pricing and marketing • Periodic review of policies and programs • Ensure the participation of farmers in policy and program development • Orientation to people’s representative and farmers about the policies and programs need and their preparation • Managing data base and their dissemination • Proper management and timely action on complaints regarding programs and subsidies • Resource mapping of the agricultural investment Assessing the success of Action: • Develop format for M&E and carry out survey • Carryout timely M&E • Ensuring gender responsive agri policy and price determination • Evaluating the sample agricultural programs to assess their effectiveness • Periodic supervision and monitoring by the concerned agency to ensure the good governance in program implementation • Proper analysis and dissemination of information on food and nutrition security Roles and Responsibilities of 3 tiers Governments and Other Stakeholders: • Collaboration among the three tiers of government on policy formulation and their effective implementation • Formation of all party Monitoring Committee • Agri policy to be formulated by local government and publish in the gazette • Creation of emergency fund (through using legal instrument) for ensuring emergency nutrition and food security related aspects • initiating campaign by involving all the stakeholders (Farmers’ federation, Consumer Federation etc.) to promote good governance in agriculture • preparing working policy by focusing on targeted groups/communities • Agricultural land management قراءة القليل

Discussion Topic AT5: Building resilience to vulnerabilities, shocks, and stresses Context: Current food system is under pressure from climate crisis, conflict, COVID-19 pandemics, economic shocks, natural disasters and environmental degradation, including food price hikes and disease-pests outbreaks. These shocks, stress and disaster can be devastating for poor and vulnerable people, who have limited resources and options. Climate induced and other natural disasters have significant impact on national economy. Lately, COVID-19 has contributed to increase unemployment, poverty and vulnerabilit... قراءة المزيدy including loss of livelihoods. The 2015 Earthquake increased number of food insecure people by 3.5 million. Underlying causes affecting the stated proposition: Farmers and stakeholders lack adequate incentives for climate initiatives and green agriculture. High post-production losses, unsafe transportation and weak supply chain resulting in inadequate/late access of safe food in affordable prices for marginal, poor and low income groups. Epidemics/pandemic (such as diarrhea, COVID-19, etc) have increased vulnerability of poor, women, and marginalized households. Poor, landless, and marginalized groups have settlements in vulnerable places (river banks, landslide prone areas). Preparation and readiness arrangements are weak. Underlying Barriers for Achieving the Stated Proposition: • Subsistence and unremunerative farming • Disaster vulnerability is increased by level of poverty as poor households are dependent on flood/disaster prone lands for cultivation • No protection of poor farmers during disasters • No proper orientation of plans, policies and programs to farmers • No proper continuation of transport facilities during disasters • Lack of new technologies and seeds to farmers • Lack of preparedness for disasters and no early warning system to share the information with the farmers • Lack of knowledge to cope with disasters • Subsidy administration not well targeted to real farmers and need based • UN agencies and other private agencies are not involved in food distribution collectively during disasters Actions for the next 3 years: • Water outlets and irrigation should be focused by relevant governments and projects • Need based Disaster related plans and policies prepared and implemented • Fertilizers and pesticides should be accessed easily by the farmers • Subsidies should be provided to all needy farmers (poor) rather than elite. • New knowledge creation and market management mechanism developed • Women and youth should be encouraged for farming • Black marketing should be discouraged through regular monitoring • Determine minimum price by the government and discourage middlemen in marketing • Promotion of traditional practices of disaster response Assessing the success of Action: • Implementation structure should be strong for investigating policies and laws • Increment in productivity rate needed • Food (Rasan) card system should be introduced • Enhanced access to irrigation facility • Stored agri products should be transferred properly • Budget allocation and spending trend should be at the right track • Implementation of farmers oriented policies • Awareness raising activities should be increased for farmers • Publication of every work related with budget spending on them • CIAA should always develop a system to get complaints by the farmers for any corruption during disaster Collaboration and Roles/responsibilities of 3 tiers Government and other Actors: • Central level decision related to budget allocation to be implemented by provincial and local agencies on food security • Climate adaptation related plans and policies • Concerned authority in their working area of land degradation should be accountable • Cold storage should be constructed by the province and local government • Coordination in hazard mapping and recovering plan should be collectively managed • Insurance co. desk related to agriculture should be established in every local government • Formulating laws which allow UN and other private agencies to work with 3 tiers of govt in preparedness, risk reduction and relief. قراءة القليل

Discussion Topic AT4: Advance equitable livelihoods Context: Landless, smallholders, women, Dalits, indigenous people rely on agriculture and forest-based foods; many of them are unrecognized as farmers, underpaid and, or wage rates differ by gender. Deep rooted social and economic inequalities in employment opportunities increase vulnerability. Inadequate institutional mechanisms for and limited capacity of women, small holders, old-age, people with disability (PWD), internally displaced people (IDPs). Underlying causes affecting the stated proposition: Agriculture sector is seen as less remu... قراءة المزيدnerative and less attractive. The major reasons are of skewed power relation over productive resources especially of land, water, forest to women and disadvantaged groups; land fragmentation and use of agricultural land for other purposes have reduced options to secure access and land rights of people in the value chain. Feminization of agriculture due to young male out-migration. Underlying Barriers for Achieving the Stated Proposition: • Lack of access to production inputs such as land, tools and equipment specially for small farmers; • Lack of water management strategies and programs; • Maximum and haphazard use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and in food chains; • Poor implementation of existing policies, plans and programs that supports for upliftment of women, poor, vulnerable communities to build sustainable livelihoods options; and • Lack of technical human resources at the local levels to support farmers for better production, productivity, market linkages and livelihoods options. Actions for three years: • Facilitate to provide land ownership certificate to farmers; • Empower farmers and improve access to markets to them; • More youth focused plans and policies, transformation of agriculture (improve the perception of the people towards agriculture); • Focus on result-oriented programs and policies rather than traditional ones; and • Monitor the import from India (in the borders as product exported(illegally may be) from Nepal to India and it comes back again) Assessing the success of Action: • Establish Information Technology based data management; • Monitor and respond to minimize risks specially for poor and marginalized; • Systematization of program supervision by the local government representatives to create ownership and accountability towards their role in responding inclusivity; • Support and monitoring of local and climate smart seed development of comparative advantages and culturally sensitive; • Right to information to small holders, women and vulnerable groups to be provided for their access to program related supports; and • Ensure equitable livelihoods options will be facilitated through multi-stakeholder engagement and diversify options. Roles and Responsibilities of governments and other stakeholders: • Inclusion of gender dimension in plans and policies at three tiers of policies, institutional mechanisms and programs; • Requirement of sustainable policies and plans at all three tiers that serves to all equitably; • Prioritize agriculture in policy and plans of provincial govt to ensure equitable access to means of production, employment opportunities and fair distribution of incentives to the vulnerable groups; • Protection of chure area for sustainable management of cultivated lands and geographically inclusive cropping patterns and food system; • Advocate for sufficient budget allocation for agriculture and livestock sector at local level; • Development of programs for youth to change their attitudes towards agriculture specially at the local and provincial levels; • Agriculture related skill development programs to women administrative support to local govt to improve coordination, deputation to local level by province to act as a focal point; • Maintaining database from local level and mapping of vulnerable area and households; and • Allocation of budget to support vulnerable community-local and provincial government. قراءة القليل

Discussion Topic AT3: Boost nature-positive food production at scale Context: Increased biodiversity losses, deforestation and land degradation problems. One third of agricultural lands are fallow and degraded, and a large portion are converted to settlements and infrastructure. Poverty has forced households in forest and pastureland encroachment. Production of major staples and commercial vegetables in some pockets has caused excessive mining of soil nutrients, water depletion and agrochemical pollution. Underlying causes affecting the stated proposition: Dependency on imported crop varieties... قراءة المزيد is increasing with lack of site-specific food production; lack of production in broader landscape/agroecosystem level. Lack of land utilization policy and plans have promoted rapid conversion of fertile agriculture lands into settlements and other non-agriculture use. Disappearance of indigenous food system; rural out-migration; inadequate capacity development of farmers; lack of agriculture mechanization. Underlying Barriers for Achieving the Stated Proposition: • Land fragmentation • Land degradation from poor management of soil and lack of incorporation of organic manures • Chure (Siwalik hills) destruction from overmining of sands, forest encroachments, lack of drainage causing flooding and landslides. • Haphazard and unsafe use of pesticides and chemical fertilizer in vegetables, cash crops and major food crops • Climate change impacts with major negative impact through flooding, drought, siltation and loss of fertile lands • River banks cutting by major rivers and decline of water level • Forest fires, rice straw burning and diesel engine mechanization causing pollution, GHG emissions and loss of biodiversity • Lack of human resources and lack of coordination among 3 spheres of governments Actions for the next 3 years: • Conservation of Chure area- Biodiversity conservation, construction of water ponds and water harvesting measures • Land levelling for collective and consolidated farming and improvement of lands • Enforcement of Land use policy 2015 and Act 2019 • Restoration of river bank land through riverbed farming and other measures • Balance use of chemical fertilizer and use of Biochar for integrated soil fertility management • Focus on organic / bio-pesticides • Introduce legume and green manure in crop rotation • Awareness and refresher training on IPM and organic pesticides for agrovets and farmers • Awareness on value of beneficial insects such as predators and pollinators • Production of agricultural machines and tools that can be operated from electricity and biogas for reducing GHG emissions and pollution • Promote crop and livestock insurance for nature positive production system • Promote healthy feed additive supplement Assessing the success of Action: • Budget allocation and incentive-based participatory and multi-disciplinary monitoring • Use of number of water harvesting ponds and drainage canals • Area under legume crop rotation increased • Plans/programs prepared and budget allocation • Capacity development of human resources in nature positive production system • Research focus on ature-positive production system • Relevant institutions nature positive production management developed and strengthened Roles and responsibilities of 3 tiers Government & other Actors: All Three Tiers Governments: Consistent policy framing with clearly defined roles from all spheres of government, budget allocation at local, provincial and federal, policy and regulation for restriction of sand mining in river banks and chure hills Federal and Provincial Government: Empower local governments, enhance technical capacity to address the issue of environment and climate change, Implement land use policy and act, land bank, Policy on IPM and organic pesticides Provincial and Local Government: Awareness IPM and organic pesticides, capacity building of technicians, farmers and biodiversity, climate smart agricultural technologies, water management, soil fertility management- provincial and local govts Local Government: Nature positive demonstration program- e.g. Riverbed farming, drainage canal repair, قراءة القليل

Discussion Topic AT2: Shift to sustainable consumption patterns. Context: About 4.6 million people are food insecure in Nepal; Prevalence of triple burden of malnutrition-under nutrition, overweight/ obesity, and micronutrient deficiency. Stunting, wasting and low weight in children contributing to 52 percent of child mortality; obesity among children and adolescents has increased by 29 times in the past four decades; women and children also suffer from some of the world’s highest levels of vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Underlying causes affecting the stated proposition: Change in dietar... قراءة المزيدy pattern characterized by two-meal-rice (per capita rice consumption increased by nearly 70% in 50 years). Dietary shift towards unhealthy processed foods high in saturated and trans-fat, salt and sugar neglecting nutritious indigenous crop-based foods. Increase in fat intake in diet and undernutrition in childhood has coincided with increased overweight/ obesity and other Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD); over two-thirds of adolescent girls in both rural and urban areas reported consuming sugary foods. Consumption of foods produced by using high dose chemical fertilizers and pesticides; items, such as biscuits, instant noodles and juice drinks may be supplying about a quarter of energy intake of children <2 years, which is lowering their intake of essential vitamins and minerals. Underlying Barriers to Achieve the Stated Proposition: • Consumption of ultra-processed foods • No labelling about the nutritive value of food and expiry date. • High level of fatty and sugary food consumption among the young people • No proper utilization of locally available low-cost nutritious food • Improper management of school feed program • Poor availability of technology and infrastructure for post-harvest and value addition • Inadequacy of technical manpower on food technology, food safety and monitoring Actions for three years: • Food productivity should be enhanced to increase the availability • School feed program should be promoted at the local level. • Value chain development and link it with markets. • Menu with local foods and under-utilized Crops (UUCs) must be strictly enforced for school feed program. • Post-harvest technologies should be developed to minimize the wastage and loss • Behavioral and attitude change of the citizen of the province through education and training • Database on production, consumption, vulnerable groups should be developed and monitored the status regularly. Assessing the success of Action: • Database management and M&E system development • Development of Indicators • Strengthening the capacity of food inspector and seed inspector • Promote/Increase local food promotion related programs Roles and Responsibilities of governments and other stakeholders: • Formulation of Acts and Regulation and their enforcement- Federal and Province • Insurance of crops and livestock-Federal and provincial • Identification of food insecure and vulnerable households- local level • Distribution of Below Poverty Level card – Local level • Unused lands and Trust-based lands/land should be brought under cultivation through the coordination of all 3 govts • Land use and environment friendly policy should be promoted- provincial and local govt قراءة القليل

Discussion Topic AT 1: Ensure safe and nutritious food for all Context: The cereal grain availability is fluctuating due to variations in production; per capita availability has reached from 194 Kg (2001/02) to 237 Kg (2017/18); 48.2% households are food secure, whereas 10% are severely food insecure. Percentage of severely food insecure households are more in rural areas (11.7%) than in urban (8.8%), the percentage is highest in Karnali Province (17.5%) followed by Sudurpaschim (13%) and Province-2 (10.7%). Situation of nutrition has improved over the period of 1996 to 2019: stunting decrease... قراءة المزيدd from 57 to 32%, underweight 42 to 24, and wasting from 15 to 12%. Underlying causes affecting the stated proposition: Locally available nutritious crops/foods getting less importance; biodiversity/cultural diversity not promoted. No focus on micronutrients; poor nutrition including breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices; many families do not have access to nutrient rich foods; growing burden of non-communicable diseases; divergence between nutrition and WASH programmes due to lack of coherence between food security and nutrition sectors. Underlying Barriers for Achieving the Stated Proposition: • Lack of food storage and management system • Lack of cultural food practices • Low investment for infrastructure, technologies- varieties, breeds, appropriate machine tools, Storage structures. • Low income of majority of the marginal farmers • Inadequate infrastructures and support for value addition activities • High level of post-harvest losses of perishable commodities. • Low level of awareness about the locally available nutritious foods. • Low coverage of agri-extension and low or no incentives and support to farmers • Poor and or inadequate understanding of three tiers of government with designated roles to enhance food system competence. • Actions for three years: • Overall food security seems to be strongly associated with household characteristics such as family size, gender, age and education levels, together with land ownership. Hence, consider these aspects in formulating programs. • Integrated agro plan with priority of the 3 layers of the govt • Carry out population and socio-economic research • Increase extension coverage and provide incentives and support to farmers • Improve the access to markets and roads • Adoption of new and digital technology • Climate change adaptation practice promotion • Indigenous food and livestock production and food practices • Inter-sectoral relationship and food bank management • Increase investment, develop infrastructure, and technologies-varieties, breeds, appropriate machine tools, storage facilities. • Formulate and implement market regulation, implement income enhancing programs for small and marginal farmers. • Focus on pocket/cluster to increase productivity. • Strengthening cooperatives for increasing access to finance for smallholders. • Envisioning extensive multiyear plan like PMAMP in province level. Assessing the success of Action: • Food buffer stock in each municipality. • Effective implementation of Minimum Support Price • Riverbed/riverbank farming promotion • Ownership development of land for squatters and landless (Sukumbasis) • Encourage and support to traditional mechanism of production, preservation and usage. • Effective quarantine system for import of plant and animal products Roles and Responsibilities of governments and other stakeholders • Long term plan and strategy preparation by all the governments • Climate smart technology development by provincial and federal governments • Food sovereignty Act and its implementation at local level • Review and reflection workshops at all levels to improve coordination and effective implementation of policies and programs. قراءة القليل

The provincial dialogue provided opportunity to engage participants from different agencies, sectors, and disciplines including the government, academia, researcher, farmers’ organization, civil societies and private sectors from different parts of the country. During the dialogue, critical discussions were held to examine the provincial food systems to understand potential causes/barriers and drivers and generate ideas to decide bold actions for the next 3 years. Indeed, this will be further verified and refined after the feedback from the Provincial, and second and third national dialogues... قراءة المزيد. Five Action Tracks and one cross cutting lever of change were the Discussion Topics. Following the constitutional provision, cross cutting lever of change was selected as the Right to Food and Food Sovereignty Act as a legal framework for the sustainable food system in Nepal. Hence, six groups rigorously discussed on these topics following the ATs propositions and reference questions mentioned in Section A above. Relevant officials of the Government of Nepal had chaired the groups, while the thematic experts from the government and non-government sectors had facilitated the discussions, and designated rapporteurs from different agencies had documented the discussion points. Whole exercise was concluded with big team efforts. The dialogue also collected some learning to reflect impression and work further on as following: 1. Some participants were new to virtual meetings (attending the session using online platform to participate in specific groups); 2. Less no. of participation from industries and value chains (actors). 3. The issues were well understood by the participants, which were common for some of the ATs. Drivers of change and actions mentioned were also common to some tracks. 4. There was a common understanding among the working groups about the role and responsibilities of the three spheres of the government in Nepal, in terms of formulating policies, regulations, education, and their implementation. Participants suggested to draw clear delineation of the roles and responsibilities of the three spheres of government. 5. There was strong commitment from the stakeholders to address the issues of access to food, nutrition, distribution and effective implementation of policies and regulations. Overall, participants had actively engaged in different groups to exchange and share ideas and potential actions for analyzing and improving the Nepalese food system in general and provincial food system in particular. Some potential and emerging issues were identified and validated; the dialogue was also helpful in raising awareness and elevating public discussion on key food system issues and identify potential options and solutions for making food system inclusive, resilient and sustainable (refer Section below: Outcomes for each discussion topic). قراءة القليل

Government of Nepal, National Planning Commission (NPC), organized the provincial Food Systems Dialogue of Province 2 on 5 July 2021 on the theme Nepal towards an equitable, resilient and sustainable food system. Dr Basudev Sharma, Joint Secretary, NPC delivered opening and welcome speech. Dr. Samjhana Kumari Kafle. Secretary of Ministry of Land Management, Agriculture and Cooperatives (MoLMAC) and Provincial Dialogue Curator curated the dialogues. Major focus of the dialogue was to engage stakeholders for a comprehensive exploration of food systems in Nepal as part of the process for the UN F... قراءة المزيدood Systems Summit 2021. The specific objectives of the dialogue were to; • raise awareness and promote public discussion on the food systems, • examine current situation and identify key aspects of Nepalese food systems, such as the drivers, actions, pathways, and • explore opportunities for food system to make it equitable, sustainable and resilient. Total of 134 participants attended the event representing different stakeholder groups, background, institutions, and professions. In order to generate focused dialogues and collect the specific inputs, participants were assigned to respective Action Track (AT) Groups after a brief opening session in the plenary. The AT coordinators, facilitators, co-facilitators, and rapporteurs facilitated the dialogue process and documented the discussion outcomes. Each AT Group had proposition and reference questions to engage in dialogue and provide inputs as follows: AT 1 Proposition: Increased agriculture productivity and develop sustainable food chain for affordable safe, healthy, and nutritious diet to improve levels of nutrition, ensure all people to be well nourished and healthy and achieve zero hunger. AT2 Proposition: Enabling, inspiring and motivating people to enjoy healthy and sustainable consumption options; Slashing food loss and waste; and transitioning to a circular economy through advancing in technological, environmental, economic, social, regulatory, and institutional fronts. AT3 Proposition: Protect natural ecosystems from new deforestation and conversion for food and feed production; manage sustainably existing food production systems; restore degraded ecosystems and rehabilitate soil function for sustainable food production. AT4 Proposition: Developing inclusive and diverse food systems that contribute to the elimination of poverty and food and nutrition insecurity by creating jobs, raising incomes across food value chains; protecting and enhancing cultural and social capital; reducing risks for the poorest and increasing value distribution. AT5 Proposition: Developing inclusive and equitable food systems to ensure that all people within a food system are empowered to prepare for, withstand, and recover from instability and participate in a food system that, despite shocks and stressors, delivers food security, nutrition, and equitable livelihoods for all. AT6: Referring to the overarching legal document developed based on the constitutional provision, Right to Food and Food Sovereignty Act (2018), is considered as a legal framework. Hence, this Act and related policies are the key to strengthen food system governance and accountability and transform food system that is resilient, equitable and sustainable. Dialogue reference questions: Following 5 questions were presented to the participants to facilitate the dialogue: 1. What are the underlying causes/ barriers for achieving the stated proposition? 2. What are the key drivers of unsustainable food system? 3. What actions in the next 3 years will have greatest impact on the Discussion Topic? 4. How will it be possible to tell if these actions are being successful? 5. What are the role and responsibilities of the food system actors including those of the federal, provincial, and local Governments in sustainable food system transformation in Nepal? قراءة القليل

There was no marked observation on the areas of divergence.