استكشاف الملاحظات الرسمية للحوار

Discussion Topic AT4: Advance equitable livelihoods of people involved in food systems Underlying causes/drivers for achieving the stated proposition: • Improper implementation of land use policy and continued land fragmentation is leading to less opportunity for women, small holders and marginalized group’s access to productive resources; • Inadequate supporting mechanism for women, small holders and landless, • Weak implementation of existing policies, targeted for upliftment of women, poor, vulnerable communities to build sustainable livelihoods options; • Inadequate programs for ... قراءة المزيدsubsistence farming system and target groups; • Inadequate connectivity, storage, distribution and distribution mechanism for food security and livelihoods options; • Loss of local landraces/crops/food that are in use by women, indigenous communities and vulnerable groups; • Lack of awareness and less knowledge of nutritious native and indigenous crops/seed; • Less interest of people specially of youth to engage in agriculture, • Unequal access to food for all; • Outmigration of youths and men and increasing work burden on women; • Improper management of rain water affecting agricultural productivity specially in the low stream areas and small holders who are inhabited in the risk zones; • Lack of strong enforcing mechanism for proper utilization of allocated budget and expenditure; • Less opportunity for sustained and secured income generation opportunities for marginal and ultra-poor groups; discriminatory employment opportunities, • Increasing use of processed foods and minimal utilization of local crops. • Insufficient monitoring and control of food distribution system, price and quality of food, • Social discriminatory practices that denies children, girls and women’s access to nutritious food and relief package; • Weak market linkages and price transmission mechanism for agricultural and livestock produce • Inadequate cooperative responsive laws and policies. Actions in next 3 years that will have greatest impact: • Implementation of land use policy to ensure equitable access to productive resources specially for women, landless, smallholders; • Facilitate to provide land ownership certificate to farmers, fix minimum support price and subsidy to farmers directly; • Formulate and implement market regulation, implement income generation programs for small and marginal farmers; • Strengthen cooperatives for increasing access to small holder, • Advance joint collaboration with cooperatives in promoting agriculture related services and reaching marginalized groups, • Support for processing, branding and market linkage of agricultural and livestock products that are promoted by cooperatives, • Mass awareness campaign and capacity building on consumption of balanced diet for all, • Promote family farming for better homestead supplied nutritional diets, • Include producer, vendors, market and consumer organizations in decision making process related to rural food system transformation, • Strengthening capacity and improvement in infrastructure development for agriculture sector • Support in conservation, promotion and registration of indigenous seeds, • Identification, registration and issue farmer’s ID, categorization of farmers and provision of output-based supports and services, • Promote agro-ecology based high value crops and gender-friendly post-harvest technologies, • Policy with provision of production loyalty for organic farming system, • Devise targeted policy for engagement and promotion of women and youth’s role in agriculture. • Promote organic agriculture and food, ban on unhealthy foods, enforce labeling; • Promote youth-led agri-based enterprises and marketing, • Develop food information system and information management system that is accessible to all; • Establish local food banks in collaboration with cooperatives; • Link food security and relief programs with social safety net specially for destitute groups as well as school day meals such as use of NeKSAP information; • Manage equitable relief system in agriculture sector; • Develop and implement disaster early warning system and introduce vulnerability based insurance قراءة القليل

Discussion Topic AT3: Boost nature-positive food production at scale Underlying barriers/drivers for achieving the stated proposition: • Limited technologies and policies to address climate induced disasters (eg. flooding, landslides, drought, extreme rainfalls, disease & pest outbreaks) and lack of technologies and farming system to address them • Land fragmentation and unplanned urbanization leading loss of fertile agriculture lands • Lack of adequate protection of agricultural land (unused fallow land; underused, misused, exploitation) • Loss of agrobiodiversity /indigenous crop... قراءة المزيد varieties, lack of site-specific production • Soil erosion, degradation of soil fertility, lack of incorporation of organic matters (burning of cowdung) • Haphazard and unsafe use of pesticides and chemical fertilizer in vegetables, cash crops and unsafe use of hormones, antibiotics and feed additives in livestock and poultry • Limited knowledge on scientific management of land, water, soil, plants and forest • Poor management of livestock and open grazing system resulting in degradation of lands and vegetations • Poor market price control mechanism, unstable markets and lack of food safety • Socioeconomic change brought out by youth migration, change in food habits and urbanization • Weak Institutions and Governance systems & weak coordination among three spheres government • Lack of reliable data base system and research for diverse food species for nature positive production Actions in next 3 years that will have greatest impact: • Adoption of Climate Smart agriculture system: Develop and promote climate smart villages and food system with climate resilient better agricultural and animal husbandry technologies; adopt climate smart policies and plans. • Enforcement of Land use Act (2019) and Land Use Policy (2015) to minimize land conversion and degradation • Agroecosystem and Landscape based planning focusing on local comparative and competitive advantage • Revitalization of local indigenous food system and social system utilizing traditional wisdom and culture • Conservation and sustainable use of agrobiodiversity by promoting site specific crops, NUS and community seed banks • Organic /ecological farming and marketing with the development of organic technologies and policies • Improvement of soil fertility through legume rotation, conservation agriculture, green manuring and agroforestry promotion • Value chain development of local crops /commodities in partnership with private sector • Better management, restoration and improvement of agroecosystems (land, water and soils) and their better utilization • Management of livestock and pastureland with focus on agroforestry /integrated farming systems • Investment on food-water-energy-biodiversity-health nexus • Land use planning enforcement for optimum and productive use of land by addressing the issues of unused fallow land, under used. misused and exploitation of land beyond carrying capacity • Restoration of degraded agroecosystem; convert degraded river-beds to gardens; water shed conservation • Sustainable land management with land consolidation/pooling for nature positive production • Build the capacity of farmers, private sectors and R &D stakeholders in nature positive production program implementation with inclusiveness of women, youth and marginal groups • Establish a comprehensive agricultural information, knowledge, database and services systems including market and agro-metereologial information center and build capacity of farmers and stakeholders • Improved coordination and governance of agri-food system in 3 tiers governments • Update Agriculture Development Strategy (ADS) with biodiversity, climate and agroecology focused production system قراءة القليل

Discussion Topic AT2: Shift to sustainable consumption patterns. Underlying causes/drivers for achieving the stated proposition: • Not consuming a variety of food grains, not producing enough food. • Lack of necessary identification of local crops, protection, and promotion of nutritious food items. • Not using Climate Resilient Agriculture system, lack of employment. • Consumption of ultra-processed foods and less priority on locally available nutritious food. • Water and sanitation is the long term problem causing health hazards, deteriorating nutrition status particularly in pregn... قراءة المزيدant and lactating mothers and children. • Traditional food consumption (roots, tubers, creeper, Gittha & Bhyakur- Chepang, Bankariya, Tamang, etc.), Socio-cultural practices of households (marriage, value, norms etc.). • Higher Post harvest loss and growing food waste and are not aware. • Increasing barren land due to migration among several reasons • Lack of information/data of food and nutrition insecure/vulnerable community and family • Urbanization, migration, land fragmentation, and different type of topography. • Lack of information about the content of nutrition or value of the food products. • Migration and shortfall of labor for production activities and value chain. • Inadequate awareness raising programs at school level related to the foods adulterated with heavy pesticides. • Inadequate subsidy/ supportive policies for the promotion of local products and development of agricultural value chains and inadequate technologies for food processing and value addition, traditional and subsistence farming practices. • Low level of consumer awareness on healthy food habit and choice of nutritious foods; increased fat proportion in adult’s diet, and undernutrition in childhood. • High cost of nutritious diet (nutritious diet is 242% expensive than the energy only diet). • Unregulated market for unhealthy and adulterated commercial food products. • Social, religious, and cultural aspects of food consumption. Actions in next 3 years that will have greatest impact: • Construction and use of storage structures, protection of local food crops and establishment of Seed Bank. • Diversification of crops, establishment of agricultural industries, promotion of local endangered healthy food items. • Increase of capacity of agricultural produce markets; development of Climate Resilient Agriculture system. • Conduct school nutrition program and make agricultural education practical. • Maintain buffer stock of food for emergencies • SBC on food habit and link school meal programme with that of home-grown food. • Strengthen Water and sanitation program emphasizing on utilization and awareness for improving health and nutrition status of children through supplementary food • Promote agroforestry product (SALT technology, aquaculture, bee keeping). • Develop and implement land use policy for agriculture, industry and human settlement, crop insurance expansion program. • Develop database by land type, food security and vulnerability situation, monitoring mechanism, production and consumption, increase utilization of fallow land. • Policy formulation of locally produced agricultural product at the local level • Promotion and commercialization of indigenous crops / local crops. • Emphasize the school meal program utilizing local food production and promote milk, milk products and poultry product. • Develop land use policy for agriculture, industry, human settlement, database for land type, utilize fallow land. • Prepare food consumption guidelines and implement BCC. • Establish food security information management system at different levels and implement the targeted response • Promote decentralized food systems, strengthen farming communities and effective transfer of technology. • Prepare national framework for sustainable food consumption pattern. • Prepare food menu using local food by the government officials working in remote areas. • Fair price shops in the remote and food insecure communities. • Provision of subsidy and incentives for farmer to sustainable food production system. • Update national food based dietary guideline, policy on food waste قراءة القليل

Discussion Topic AT 1: Ensure safe and nutritious food for all Underlying causes/Drivers for achieving stated proposition: • Inadequate roads & storage facilities, collection centers, chilling centers, cold chains and low investment in infrastructure related to agriculture. • Difficult terrain, water scarcity, lack of climate adaptive tech and marketing, R&D not contextual. • Low Seed Replacement Rate • Low awareness on nutritive value of underutilized crops and breast feeding, nutritional sensitive and Food safety social protection, less involvement of private sector • Outmi... قراءة المزيدgration of youth and feminization of agriculture • Inadequate skilled agricultural human resource at province and local level • Low coverage by extension, poor incentives and support to farmers, low adoption of context specific technologies, • Low supply and consumption of animal source foods, • Less priority to agriculture by all three tiers of governments and poor coordination and less accountability • Inadequate breast-feeding friendly workplace and maternity protection and increasing use of junk/ultra-processed foods • Low promotion of Home-grown foods for the midday meal, • Low level of agricultural productivity and high pre & post-harvest losses, • Fragmentation of land holdings, subsistence production system, fallow land and soil erosion • Use of unsafe water, haphazard use of pesticides and chemicals and anti-microbial drugs • Loss of local biodiversity and existence of poor food diversity, • Lack of land ownership to cultivators and many landless families • Emergence and attack of new pests and frequent occurrence of natural disasters • Poor access to affordable and nutrient rich foods for many families, • High food wastage and our social and cultural traditions, • Poverty driven food insecurity and non-farm income opportunity in rural area Actions in next 3 years that will have greatest impact: • Development of roads and agriculture infrastructures with increased investment, climate adaptive technologies, adoption of new and digital technology, • Increase investment in technology-varieties, breeds, appropriate machine tools, storage facilities and for production promotion and post-harvest and value addition, • Promote biodiversity based ecological agriculture, community-based food stocking/food bank • Implement nutrition sensitization, SBC and social protection programs and increase qualified human resources at all levels, • Food Security Information Management System at different levels, generate database and improve Food System Governance, promote cooperative-based insurance system • Promote Home-grown foods for the midday school meal-policy and coordination, • Restructuring extension and research system to address the needs of the farmers and value chain actors • Promote breast feeding and implement Breastfeeding friendly workplaces • Formulating policies that promotes the consumption of low-cost nutritious food products • Emphasis on the development of formal food trading and distribution system • Integrated agro plan with priority of the 3 layers of the govt and provide agro based incentives, • Incorporate nutrition and health aspects in school curriculum, • Encourage entrepreneurship among the youths by providing technologies, enhancing access to finance and improving their skills • Land rights to cultivators, Land to landless, classification of farmers/peasants based on ownership and production • Develop project bank for nutrition and food security by the governments (3 tiers) • Update dietary guidelines and incentive for those producing nutritious foods, Introduce digital agri info system • Promote Indigenous food and livestock production and food practices, diversify production system, conserve local crops, mapping of indigenous crops/commodities. • Focus on pocket/cluster to increase productivity, implement land utilization plan. • Continue/expand school meal program to support the local food production • Implement organic/high value cash crop production (Mulyawan Campaign) and off farm employment to reduce poverty driven food insecurity. • Review traditional farming practices, adopt climate friendly practices قراءة القليل

The second national dialogue was participated by national, provincial and local levels and this provided opportunity to engage to review the outcomes from national provincial and local territorial perspectives as well. During the dialogue, critical discussions were held to prioritize and synthesize the underlying causes of weak and unsustainable food system and proposed actions for coming three years There was strong commitment from the organizations that participated in the dialogue to address the issues through policies and programs on nutrition, food security and agriculture and stressed on... قراءة المزيد effective mechanism to coordinate at policy and programmatic levels. The second national dialogue was successful in achieving intended objectives of synthesizing and prioritizing key outcomes from first national dialogue and seven provincial dialogues considering the propositions mentioned below, raising awareness and elevating public discussions on food system issues. AT 1 Proposition: Increased agriculture productivity and develop sustainable food chain for affordable safe, healthy, and nutritious diet to improve levels of nutrition, ensure all people to be well nourished and healthy and achieve zero hunger. AT2 Proposition: Enabling, inspiring and motivating people to enjoy healthy and sustainable consumption options; Slashing food loss and waste; and transitioning to a circular economy through advancing in technological, environmental, economic, social, regulatory, and institutional fronts. AT3 Proposition: Protect natural ecosystems from new deforestation and conversion for food and feed production; manage sustainably existing food production systems; restore degraded ecosystems and rehabilitate soil function for sustainable food production. AT4 Proposition: Developing inclusive and diverse food systems that contribute to the elimination of poverty and food and nutrition insecurity by creating jobs, raising incomes across food value chains; protecting and enhancing cultural and social capital; reducing risks for the poorest and increasing value distribution. AT5 Proposition: Developing inclusive and equitable food systems to ensure that all people within a food system are empowered to prepare for, withstand, and recover from instability and participate in a food system that, despite shocks and stressors, delivers food security, nutrition, and equitable livelihoods for all. AT6: Referring to the overarching legal document developed based on the constitutional provision, Right to Food and Food Sovereignty Act (2018), is considered as a legal framework. Hence, this Act and related policies are the key to strengthen food system governance and accountability and transform food system that is resilient, equitable and sustainable. The dialogue was also helpful in ensuring commitment from key food system actors such as MoALD, provincial MoLMACs, NPC and development partners to further work on identifying potential options and solutions for making food system inclusive, resilient and sustainable for achieving SDGs. Overall, participants had actively engaged in different groups to exchange and share ideas and potential actions for analyzing and improving the Nepalese food systems. Potential and emerging issues identified during the first national and provincial dialogues were further validated and synthesized. (refer Section C below). قراءة القليل

Government of Nepal, National Planning Commission (NPC), organized the second National Food Systems Dialogues on 19th July 2021 on the theme "Nepal towards an equitable, resilient and sustainable food system". This dialogue was convened by Mr. Kewal Prasad Bhandari, Secretary, NPC and National Dialogue Convenor. Mr. Bhandari delivered welcome speech and opening remarks. He stressed on the need for collective efforts from all the sectors in the process to transform food system and contribute to achieve all SDGs. Dr. Yogendra Kumar Karki, Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Developm... قراءة المزيدent (MoALD), highlighted on the purpose of Second National Food System Dialogue and dialogue process to be followed. Dr. Basudev Sharma, Joint Secretary of NPC made a presentation of feedback from first National Food Systems Dialogue held on 11 June 2021. The Secretaries (Provincial Dialogue Curators) or their representative of respective Ministry of Land Management and Cooperatives (MoLMAC), who coordinated and led to organize provincial dialogue in their province, gave presentation on the feedback from provincial dialogues that were held from 24 June to 5 July 2021. Mr. Nahendra Khadka, National Peasant’s Coalition presented the feedback from independent dialogue organized by National Peasant’s Coalition. Similarly, Ms. Sara B. Nyanti, UN Resident Coordinator mentioned the importance of food system as it touches every aspect of human existence and stressed on to consider triple nexus of food security, agriculture, and nutrition. Major focus of the dialogue was to review and synthesize the outcomes of first national dialogues and seven provincial dialogues. The specific objectives of the dialogue were to; • To synthesize the outcomes from the provincial level consultation of local food systems, • To understand perspectives and options for sustainable national food systems with a view to ensure that they are considered in developing national pathway to sustainable food systems. • To ensure commitment of different stakeholders in transforming food systems. Dr Yogendra Kumar Karki, Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development (MoALD) and Curator for National Food System Dialogue curated the dialogues. The AT coordinators, facilitators, co-facilitators, and rapporteurs facilitated the dialogue process in the breakout sessions. Each AT Group had proposition and reference points to consider the prioritize and synthesize the outcomes, specifically the underlying causes /barriers and proposed actions for coming three years, of seven provincial and one national dialogues: Points to consider while prioritizing the underlying causes of weak food system and proposed actions for three years. Points to consider in identifying important underlying causes / drivers leading to weak food system • Causing visible / direct link to negative impact on the food system • Scale of impact in the food system • Multiplier effects on damaging food system • Creates inequity and bad governance in the food system • Increases vulnerability of the food system, people and planet Points to consider in prioritizing the actions • Direct link to the proposition / visions proposed for each action tracks • Scale of impact in transforming the food system • Contribute to improved governance of food systems • Contributes positively to other actions tracks • Logically linked to address the underlying cause identified As in the earlier dialogues, five Action Tracks and one cross cutting lever of change were the Discussion Topics. Following the constitutional provision, cross cutting lever of change was selected as the Right to Food and Food Sovereignty Act as a legal framework for the sustainable food system in Nepal. Hence, six groups rigorously discussed and reviewed the outcomes of national and provincial dialogues specifically on causes and proposed actions considering the ATs propositions and points provided to prioritize the causes and proposed actions. Relevant Joint Secretaries of the Government of Nepal had chaired the groups, while the thematic experts from the government and non-government sectors had facilitated the discussions قراءة القليل

TOPIC 2. Metkasekor launch and alignment to existing projects • Covid-19 would still be a problem in conducting the launching event. The PDAFF should start the activities according to plan and may organize a field trip for the His Excellency Minister, MAFF to visit when possible. • MetKasekor could also look at sectors other than rice, maize, and cassava. us on other important crops such as vegetables in consistence with what other existing projects/CASIC has been working on. • A steering committee at MAFF could monitor the progress of MetKasekor pilot so that the learnings are embedded ... قراءة المزيدinto the extension work in Cambodia. قراءة القليل

TOPIC 1. Extending MetKasekor model beyond the pilot target areas • To consider other location that has the potential for agriculture (rice, maize, cassava) i.e., Rattanak Kiri, Mondul Kiri, Strung Treng, Kratie, Takeo, Prey Veng, Svay Rieng within the next few years if the model is a success in the two pilot provinces (Battambang and Preah Vihear) • To consider collaboration with other departments, universities, research institutes, which are related to the expansion of the model depending on the technology to be promoted • To include young researchers so that the implementation of MetK... قراءة المزيدasekor provide the opportunity see their willingness to put more effort in field studies. • To conduct further studies on the agroecological condition and type of appropriate machineries for each location before the implementation of MetKasekor • To clearly determine the role of each actor in the collaboration (private sector, technical departments, research institutes, supporting/coordinating organization) and to make sure that the pieces of information which farmers receive are consistent قراءة القليل

Some of the findings from the event: • Metkasekor, as a new innovative extension model of the government, was widely welcomed by the participants. • In the planning leading up to the event, it became clear that MetKasekor is the government resource for the future with the intention to improve the public agricultural extension service system in Cambodia. This was further endorsed in the meeting. • MetKasekor, is seen as a concrete mechanism to link between the national and provincial government agencies, farmer cooperatives, and service providers. This serves as the missing link between r... قراءة المزيدesearch and commercialization. • Though only the CA/SI part of MetKasekor will be piloted in the 2 provinces from 2021-2024, DEAFF sees the potential of this model beyond CA/SI. In fact, the lessons from the pilot can be integrated as a part of the Public Innovative Agriculture Extension framework for Cambodia sustainable agriculture sector in the future. • Although the target of this model is smallholder farmers, the approach to promote agriculture technology is through medium and big farmers by collaborating and establishing them as service providers in their location. • Since a MetKasekor IT platform is in the planning, the data collected from MetKasekor will help the PDAFFs and MAFF to have a proper system of data collection on CA/SI. • For such models to be developed from ‘’bottom up’’ a coordinated effort between the public sector, private sector and development organisations is a must. However, this coordination must be based on the ground activities, and this takes time. The model for CA/SI was based on the hard work carried out by Conservation Agriculture Services Center (CASC) of the Department of Land Resources Management with the participation of other agencies. قراءة القليل

The focus of the event was to sensitize the different departments of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry and the private sector partners on the MetKasekor model. The consultative meeting served as a platform where the MetKasekor working group was introduced to one another including the management structure. All the attendants then were briefed on the history, timeline, milestone, and lesson learnt throughout the development of MetKasekor model that has been instrumental in piloting the promotion of CA in Cambodia. The various Conservation Agriculture technologies under the impl... قراءة المزيدementation of MetKasekor such as land levelers, roller crimpers, no-till machines etc. were introduced, and all attendants were made aware of the potential of the MetKasekor to be an innovative extension model that can make effective contribution towards developing sustainable food systems. قراءة القليل

Areas of divergence Crop production Import permits for specific vegetables should not be delivered by authorities when the same crops are being grown locally. Agro-processing Competition exists between locally produced products and imported products. Hence collaboration of all partners concerned is very important to sort out this issue. Livestock Fodder production and availability. Some farmers mentioned its limited supply and need to produce more, while someone mentioned he has fodder for sale but has frequent thefts of the fodder; import of livestock by authorities is disadvantageous to loca... قراءة المزيدl production. Issues we need to explore further Crop production • Land suitability map • Crop suitability • Exact amount of cultivated lands. • Agricultural planning and volume to produce to avoid overproduction • Production to be linked with agro-processing • Need for regular liaison meetings between different partners Agro-processing The Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security along with all stakeholders concerned to provide all the necessary supports and facilities to restructure the agro-processing sector. This includes training, loan schemes with low interest rate, grant schemes, equipment, tax exemption/removal of customs duties, experts in the field of agro-processing, recognition of the identity of the local entrepreneurs and gives value to their locally produced products. There is also a need to gather data/market information to ensure that the right products are being manufactured. Also identifying and linking of producers to markets (local and international). Livestock • Access to land • access to finance • theft of animals • adoption of good animal husbandry practices All value chain • Planned Production system to be put in place • Soil health card so as guide planters on fertiliser requirements • Registration of Planters • Proper Guidance on processing and marketing (e.g. access to markets). • Promoting good agricultural practices and organic agriculture • Storage capabilities needs to be enhanced for agro processors and relevant institutions such as the Agricultural Marketing Board and cooperative societies. • Made in Moris label should be promoted for agro industrial products • Access to finance to set up the agro-processing business Differences do we have that seem to be currently unresolvable Crop production • How to tackle theft problems? • The need to import foreign labour. • How to solve the problem of overproduction? Agro-processing • How to solve the problem of overproduction? • The price of all raw materials. • Storage capacity and duration. • Exportation of locally processed products to other countries. • Creating links among producers, processors and retailers. • Food quality and safety standards. Livestock Relocation of farmers from residential areas All Value Chain • Determine on what to produce for processing • Thefts in plantations seems to be the most problematic area for almost all planters. • Not all locally grown food crops can be used in agro-processing. There is a need to introduce specific high yielding varieties to promote the value chain towards agro-processing. Cross sector approach • Cross border initiative level Given limited resource availability for staple foods (rice, wheat and maize; meat and milk) and huge resources available in the neighbouring countries, joint ventures and contractual arrangements for its production in friendly countries is to be given the highest priority. Besides providing for food security, the region could also produce raw materials for agro industry purposes thus ensuring development of this sector. Government will invest in the agricultural sector by providing the right environment (fiscal, financial, security of investment) at the disposal of investors to materialise such regional cooperation initiatives. With the support of development partners like FAO, investment opportunities for agricultural production have been prospected. Our country can benefit to some extent if research ventures could target maize as a large-scale crop. This would be to start collaborative research ventures with African countries with industrial capacity. • Food security, environment stability and health benefits For sustained food security it is also a critical prerequisite that Mauritian consumers change their food habit so as to reduce staple food import. Consumers should adapt to locally produced food items (cassava, potato, breadfruit, eddoes), while also taking initiatives at household level in terms of kitchen and roof gardening, urban agriculture, and diminishing food wastage. In line with the Government vision of sustainable agricultural production, the Ministry has initiated several actions to encourage the farming community to adopt sustainable farming practices to ensure long term environment stability and health benefits. Food loss and food waste is a major concern. Postharvest treatment to improve shelf life of fresh produce such as carrot, litchi, butternut to improve their marketability and reduce postharvest losses are being developed. Support is being given to agro-entrepreneurs in the development of value-added products from local fruits and vegetables such as gluten free breadfruit and cassava flour, ginger paste, turmeric paste, lime paste, guava fruit paste, dehydrated papaya and fruit paste sorbet. قراءة القليل

Action 1: Sustainable Production 1. Move towards organic agriculture. 2. Create enabling environment for the adoption of sustainable production systems. 3. Shift toward agroecological production systems. 4. Reduce chemical inputs. Action 2: Local Crops 1. Develop local seed industry. 2. Encourage production and value addition of local crops. 3. Diversify crop base Action 3: Climate Change Adaptation/Mitigation 1. Sensitize/involve farmers on climate change: adaptation and mitigation strategies. 2. Develop the small ruminant sector. 3. Develop climate and health resilient agriculture. 4. Reduce... قراءة المزيد energy expenses and promote use of renewable energy. 5. Adopt farming practices that prevent land degradation. 6. Further promote Agroforestry. 7. Integrated management of pests and diseases. 8. Water/irrigation efficiency. 9. Soil health management. Action 4: New Technology 1. R & D for the introduction of new technologies to increase productivity. 2. Digitalisation of local agriculture 3. Use of ICT tools for improving extension and training services. 4. Develop Information Systems to align production and marketing. 5. Acquisition of new technologies e.g. vertical farming, controlled environment agriculture. Action 5: Land 1. Identify and reconvert abandoned agricultural land. 2. Building permit to be restricted. 3. Agricultural land to be considered in land planning. 4. Facilitate access to land and other production resources. Action 6: Livestock 1. Assist farmers in acquiring new breeds adapted to local conditions. 2. Develop fodder production, produce quality fodder.   قراءة القليل

Waste In complement of its work on food systems, the UN is organizing a global dialogue to strengthen the capacities of governments and other stakeholders across food systems to measure and reduce food waste. Mauritius has been selected to be part of the dialogue based on its Government’s political will. Beyond food waste, this will contribute to on-going initiatives on circularity in Mauritius’ food systems. Discussions during the NDFS were on: • Priority challenges to be tackled and questions to be answered in the global dialogue on food waste, and of technical assistance that could be... قراءة المزيد needed • How to collaborate to gain useful answers and assistance to meet the priority challenges through the global dialogue as well as through local discussions Crop Production Problems of thefts, labour shortage and its high cost, high cost of inputs, need for proper agricultural planning and monitoring, regular updating of APMIS, need for land and crop suitability maps, need for light machinery, access to fine derocking/mechanization facilities, improved facilities for longer cold storage (for storage of seeds and commodities), need for modernizing agriculture to make it more attractive to youth. Support was needed for organic agriculture. There was a need for an equipped soil laboratory and an independent certification body. Agro-processing Following the discussion, some major points need to be considered: • The agro-processing sector should be professionalized and one should shift from small scale to large scale, provided all necessary facilities, equipment tax exemption and support are given by the Government, FAREI and other stakeholders involved. • There is also shortage and lack of inadequate processing, storage (capacity/duree de stockage et volume) and distribution facilities • Technical assistance should be provided for proper implementation of HACCP and other quality systems. • High rent paid/high freight • Training and awareness should be done among growers to encourage Good Agricultural Practices. Vulnerable groups should be taken on board. • Promote development of new products and encourage value addition for example producing flour from local starchy crops. • To come up with new environment friendly packaging materials, these could be made available throughout the year. • There should be more experts in agro-processing to train the entrepreneurs and more certification body should be set up. • There is an urgent need to establish a “coin pour produits mauriciens” in supermarkets and hypermarkets. Should encourage the local entrepreneurs to move forward in their business. • Creation of one-stop shop for SMEs. • Survey to know the exact number of growers and their cultivation to avoid over and under production. • Regular Meeting with growers and entrepreneurs to know their grievances. • To provide more facilities and undertake advanced research and development on new systems of preservation of local produce. • Regrouping of fishermen, developing of aquaculture for sustainable production and supply to the customers. • Creation of a seed bank with all local seeds and provide training on all steps required on seed production. • To minimize cost of production entrepreneurs to use solar panels for dehydration procedures. Livestock • Need to review sector, high cost of feed and overdependence on imports for feed availability; • Limited access to land for livestock grazing; limited access to finance; • Inadequate animals of improved races for breeding purposes, consanguinity problems affecting progeny quality, waste disposal and effective waste management issues, • Production to be demand oriented and policy to import livestock products should not be disadvantageous to local farmers, • Marketing difficulties and need for updated market information systems, • Access to veterinary services, thefts of animals and fodder, • Labour shortage, inadequate investment for modernization of farms, • Request for regional composting facilities, access to quality water supply, • Food safety and food standards requirements, slaughterhouses to be upgraded and relocated, need for training, support from authorities, and more schemes and incentives to give a boost to the sector. All value chain There was a general interest of planters to promote local production and there was a need to promote market access for small and medium producers/entrepreneurs. The agro-processors would need assistance to meet required norms and standards so as to compete with imported produce. There should be a dedicated space in shopping malls and other retail outlets for locally processed food items. In order to deal with the ageing planting community, there is a need to engage more youth in agriculture. This can be achieved by giving free training to youngsters especially drop outs from schools. Land should be dedicated for agricultural purposes so as maintain a certain level of food crop and livestock production with a view of achieving a certain level of self-sufficiency. Fisheries • Finding ways & means to secure raw materials and thus decrease reliance on EU Vessels • Looking into the Quota system imposed on Yellow Fin tuna • Working with Ministry of Tourism to promote Artisanal Fishermen • Pension system for fishermen to be put in place قراءة القليل

1. Crop Production Crop Production in Mauritius was described as being a difficult sector. All were agreeable that the high dependency on food imports need to be reduced and there was need to boost local production through government incentives, grants and schemes to promote crop production. The numerous constraints and challenges of the sector were enumerated. Participants also voiced out their frustrations and expectations from government authorities. Organic agriculture and production our own seeds should be among government priorities. 2. Agro-processing Actually, the agro-processing secto... قراءة المزيدr is facing many challenges including the irregular supply as well as the quality of raw materials at competitive prices. Other constraints include the high cost of production and equipment, difficulty to comply with food safety and quality assurance system, limited market access, especially during the covid pandemic, the tourist market (hotel and catering industry) is dire. Eventually, our food needs is satisfied by local production (55%), of which only 50% uses locally sourced raw materials. The entrepreneurship spirit, the know-how, and the technical and financial support are available. However, much more need to be done. Agro-processing has been performed since a long time, mostly at a small and medium scale, targeting niche markets in some instances. But nowadays there is an urgent need to boost up this sector at the same time creating new jobs for entrepreneurs/youth. There is need to have a strategic plan for the sector. Focus should be on local products and for the different value chains, have “accords de filiere”. The sector is likely to expand and it is important to remove all barriers/hurdles and it is therefore important to continue the dialogue on a regular basis to know growers’/entrepreneurs grievances and difficulties. 3. Livestock The livestock sector in Mauritius was described as being one with numerous constraints and challenges. Stakeholders voiced out their frustrations and their expectations from the authorities on how to improve the sector. Those involved in the sector were however willing to stick to their activities to expand them further and persevere in this direction in order to cut down our high dependence on import products. A complete review of the livestock sector was proposed after discussions with the stakeholders, need to adopt Good Animal husbandry practices; need to relocate farmers from residential areas, need for better waste management; with government support and better incentives, more attention to safe safety, become more demand oriented, as well as requirement for an improved market information system and value chain facilities, and to have a sustainable production system. 4. All Value chain There was a need to review the food system in order to make it more fair to planters. Access to markets was a major issue. There was need to promote more local production and address the difficulties faced by planters. Issues related to seeds in particular potato seeds and other inputs were discussed. Farmers expressed their concern with regard to their vulnerability in the light of shocks such as Covid19 and climate change. The possibility of having an online marketing platform would be a useful tool for agro-processors to market their produce directly to consumers. قراءة القليل

The Members of the National Assembly made the following recommendations: The Ministry with portfolio responsibility for food and nutrition security and sovereignty is welcome to present the food system transformation policy and strategy to the National Assembly for final discussion, alignment and consolidation. The Executive should seriously reflex on and consider the proposal to formulate a food defense bill. The Executive should consider an investment model based on a percentage of the sector contribution to GDP. There was a recommendation that the minimum investment should be 10% of the sec... قراءة المزيدtor contribution to the country GDP. The Executive should consider investing 25% of the annual sector investment budget in turn-key farms that would be allocated to young farmers. There was a call for the establishment of an innovation trust fund that would drive sector innovation and transfer of technology similar to the SeyCCAT investment model. There was a strong recommendation to formulate a separate taxation regime for agricultural activities to avoid the risk of taxation being seen as a growth barrier to the sector. There was strong support in favour of a flat single digit taxation rate on profit before tax. It was also suggested the specific regulations that regulate food standard and advertising should be reviewed to protect consumers from food additives and rogue advertisement and promotion. قراءة القليل

The eleven Members of the National Assembly who took part in the Dialogue expressed their unanimous support for the global initiative to rethink and transform the food systems to deliver the targets of Sustainable Development Goal 2 and to build a more robust food defense strategy for Seychelles. They showed their concerns with regard to the gaps that exist between the local food production capacity and the total volume of food consumed. They also expressed their intention to get closer to the agriculture sector and to help drive the imperative of food and nutrition security and sovereignty. T... قراءة المزيدhey debated at length on the merits of elevating pivotal policy objectives and strategic choices in the form of a legal instrument. There was bipartisan alignment and agreement in favour of the proposal to draft a food defense bill to ensure adherence to plan and policy continuity. The issue of what form of taxation policy should be applied to the agriculture sector was also debated. There was a general agreement that the sector activities should be taxed but a different taxation regime must be formulated and applied in synergy with the food self-sufficiency objectives. Another subject that was discussed was the need to review the investment strategy to ensure that the sector receives a yearly minimum amount of investment to fund the sector CAPEX. They argued that this approach would facilitate sector development planning. قراءة القليل

The title of the subtheme of the forth Dialogue was “From policy to legal instrument. Is there a need to elevate the food and nutrition security policy to the status of a legal instrument?” The rationale to address the subtheme from policy to legal instrument is rooted in the need to have some form of consistency in policy objectives and some aspects of the strategic choices that underpin the controlled transformation of any system that spans a significant period of time. Therefore, the purpose of the Dialogue was to have a deep dive conversation with the representatives of the people to p... قراءة المزيدulse their position, opinion and reasoning. قراءة القليل

There was some evidence of differences in the weighting that should be given to different perspectives, including in the emphasis given to nutrition and food quality as opposed to production quantities; the emphasis on the vulnerable as opposed to economic growth, enterprise; and trade; on the need to consider physical infrastructure to support food system improvements; and on existence or otherwise of child labour.

The main findings or outcomes of this event were in the form of endorsement of the draft Roadmap by the Minister for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. He made recommendations for all stakeholders to adhere to the approach and advised that the directions and commitments for the MAFF will soon be released in the Agricultural Sector Master Plan 2030. He asked that stakeholders speed up implementation of the changes required in the next 2 to 3 years and that more research should be directed into identifying priority measures for sustainability, and for medium and longer term measures to strengt... قراءة المزيدhen the resilience of food systems and to promote innovation, both during and post-COVID-19. The Minister for the MAFF suggested a comprehensive review to identify options and solutions to problems, by thinking strategically about food security and nutrition nd economic growth , to support the nation as it progresses to upper middle income status so as to fruitfully implement the Roadmap. The Roadmap is intended to consistent with existing legal instruments such as the 2nd National Strategy for Food Security and Nutrition 2019-2023 and designed to achieve food and nutrition security for a growing population as well as a foundation for economic growth. The Secretary of State representing the Ministry of Economy and Finance and the Supreme National Economic Council highly commended the Roadmap and also made a number of suggestions. He felt that the focus on food systems and agriculture reflected the key role of agricultural production and the priorities of the Royal Government of Cambodia. He suggested that the vision should reflect both domestic and export interests for rice and other products and emphasise not only the national importance of the food system but to highlight the growing importance of regional and international trade. He suggested that food systems are not just for vulnerable households and that more emphasis should be given to consumers broadly and to the generation of income. He also stressed the importance of diversification of food systems in the Roadmap and the need to incorporate consideration of investments in the development of infrastructure for improved food systems. Finally he pointed to the need to take into account environment so that increased production did not come at the expense of greater chemical use with accompanying dangers to the environment and to human health. He urged that the roadmap must pay more attention to environmental protection. His comments were backed by another representative of SNEC who asked that the narrow emphasis on nutrition and food quality should not dominate the importance of a sufficiency of food and the creation of emergency reserves of food. He also suggested more attention to the potential for digitalisation for supply chain management and investment purposes within food systems. The Secretary of State representing the Ministry of Innovation, Science, Technology and Industry also expressed full support the draft. He asked that the sources for the data concerning levels of malnutrition be reviewed, asked that the terms social transformation and social change not be used since these have undesirable connotations for Khmer people. He also requested that the call to eliminate child labour should be removed since this implies that there is child labour, The Youth representative asked that youth be recognised for the commitment to mobilise awareness about food security and nutrition. The National Committee for Sub-national Democratic Development recommended that there must be more consensus nationally to avoid confusion at the sub-national level, to ensure that national policies aligned with D&D frameworks and to ensure that there is capacity for sub-national level to implement the policies. There should be a clearer division of labour between the national and sub-national level. The Ministry of Planning commented that Cambodia was lagging behind other countries in fortification despite the potential benefits. He called on agencies concerned and the MEF and MAFF to support further fortification efforts. The Ministry of Women's Affairs asked that Priority 2 be reworded to add women and vulnerable groups into the title and associated activities . Other speakers asked that there be good follow-up to the Summit to ensure the necessary laws and regulations and guidelines are in place for food systems improvement so as to ensure fruitful implementation. More attention is needed to consider the pre-conditions to achieve the goal and to educate all parents, youth and consumers about the importance of healthy diets and safe food. .In addition, an NGO representative asked that a policy incentive be considered to operationalise the objectives relating to more resilient livelihoods and resilient food systems by offering the private sector incentives to deliver on the green growth and to promote opportunities for women women in agri-food value chains because they tend to be hit hardest by climate change. The UNICEF Representative endorsed the Roadmap, including the four priorities and made the commitment of UNICEF for ongoing actions and especially asked that attention be given to sustainable financing for nutrition and for support to the National Roadmap for the Global Plan of Action for the prevention and treatment of wasting. Responsibilities for incorporating the changes were allocated and the participants were asked to further consider the requirement for M&E for implementation of the roadmap. قراءة القليل

The focus of this dialogue was on gaining consensus around the vision and the four main themes for the Roadmap and the commitments supporting the recommended actions. The collective vision proposed was: By 2030, all Cambodians will have access to healthy diets and safe food, with an initial focus on women and children to break the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition and attention to the nutrition transition. Food systems will nourish Cambodia’s population, strengthen local production and distribution, offer equitable livelihoods especially for youth, be resilient to vulnerabilities, shoc... قراءة المزيدks and stresses, steward the environment, and help mitigate the effects of climate change by shifting the system towards green growth . This vision will be achieved by 2030, by expanding access to health and nutrition services, providing social assistance and education, and ensuring that agriculture and food value chains are productive, sustainable, support healthy diets and provide job opportunities for the poor and vulnerable. A major driver of advancing agricultural production and food systems in Cambodia lies in innovation, and investments for digitization and modern technologies across the food systems. The four main themes were: • Healthy diets for all: Cambodia will work across key sectors to ensure that healthy diets and safe foods are accessible to all, especially for women and children, to address all forms of malnutrition. Achieving this objective requires multi-sectoral actions including the provision of food security, expansion of access to health and nutrition services, consumer awareness and education, diverse, inclusive and competitive food value chains; healthy food environments, and food safety; clean water, sanitation and good hygiene through awareness raising and enhancement of quality systems; and the provision of social assistance. • Youth and Women’s empowerment in Cambodia’s food systems: Cambodia will work towards the elimination of child labor, promotion of gender equality, decent employment, enterprise development and the creation of job opportunities for youth and women in the food system. Cambodia will continue to engage youth, promote their understanding of food systems and the importance of healthy diets, equipping them to become agents of change. • Resilient livelihoods and resilient food systems: Cambodia will address chronic and compounding vulnerabilities to strengthen the resilience of individuals, households, and communities, and for producers, SMEs, industry and food system infrastructure to human and climate related shocks and stresses. In addition, it will improve the potential of food systems to adapt to and mitigate climate change, natural disasters or extreme events. • Governance for a more inclusive food system: Based on the successful facilitation of the national food systems dialogues, Cambodia will continue to open the door for multi-stakeholder and multi-sectoral dialogue, coordination, and collaboration to make planning and implementation processes more inclusive and participatory. These processes will be promoted at both national and sub-national level, and include collaboration between academia, the private sector, civil society, development partners and government. To succeed, we must work together, across sectors and stakeholders at national and sub-national level, to create multiplier effects for poverty reduction, ending malnutrition and hunger, and protecting our environment. Most importantly, we will engage and include voices of the youth, consumers and producers, women, ethnic minorities, and the most vulnerable to shape the food system of tomorrow, for a healthier population, planet, and equitable economy and prosperity. قراءة القليل