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No areas of divergence were detected. The discussion was smooth and most of the participants were on the same page and had similar views and aspirations.

Vulnerabilities: Absence of appropriate and advanced technology (monitoring) In Lebanon, people are heading more towards the cities, leaving rural areas that contribute to food production. Lack of financial support for research in nutrition and food systems Lack of coordination between the different food systems (production, packaging…) and lack of standards, mainly in the Arab World Lack of investment in proper infrastructure, specifically in Lebanon, that could sustain long term production and suffice local consumption Export of all the best goods Lack of support for farmers No land tenure... Подробнее security Absence of proper monitoring of expiry dates and prices of food products Lack of proper investments and attention to the food sector, especially food production, in Lebanon Lebanese politicians considered Lebanon a country that provides services rather than a producer Fuel shortage in Lebanon is affecting its food sector Solutions: Water is essential for farming. Water harvesting should be prioritized. This could be done through small dams. Create programs that attract the youth to farming and the agricultural sector Prioritization of farming Hydroponics farming as part of urban agriculture Connecting the farmers to their respective markets/consumers directly Скрыть

Identifying specific and advantageous production value chains for specialization and that have comparative advantage for circumstances of farmers. Creating innovative ways of managing farmers’ market to increase their income and reliance on middlemen Enhancing/increasing use of technology to reduce costs and improve production Building capacity for farmers in agricultural operations (pesticide use, irrigation methods, agricultural inputs) Enhancing role of cooperatives and organizing farmers' cooperatives or agricultural cooperatives Encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship in the food se... Подробнееctor to decrease production cost, introduce sustainable techniques and providing more job opportunities to women and youth. Скрыть

Short-term • Small farmers cannot afford the price of imported inputs = reduce area planted, number of animals => major decline in total production • Consumers are shifting to cheaper less nutritious products: e.g. bread, potatoes => malnutrition + obesity Recommendations for short-term  Emergency assistance to small farmers to buy inputs (vouchers, etc.)  Support to farmers’ livelihoods  Support to land reclamation to expand food production  Cash transfers to poor consumers Medium-term • Devaluation of LBP will enhance comparative advantage of Lebanese agriculture... Подробнее => higher production to replace imports+ more exports • Reduced use of inputs through more GAP/IPM; shift to more sustainable crop mix • More investments in farming by new comers and expansion by existing farmers • Consumers shift to locally produced foods, including more nutritious fruits and vegetables and food legumes as a healthier source of proteins than animal proteins Recommendations for medium-term  Promotion of high technology in farming to increase productivity and sustainability  Promotion of GAP/IPM to reduce input use and enhance food safety  Marketing through coops to bypass wholesale traders  Increase consumer awareness to consume local fresh food, especially fruits and vegetables  Encourage circular economy: composting, solar, etc. Скрыть

In the short-term small farmers and the most vulnerable should be supported by vouchers for input, cash transfers, land reclamation. There is a risk of a major decline in total production as small farmers cannot afford the price of imported inputs, therefore production size will decrease. On the other hand, consumers are shifting to cheaper, less nutritious, products which are leading to malnutrition and obesity. In the medium term, there is a need to promote more Lebanese produce and increase consumers' awareness of more local fresh food. The devaluation of the Lebanese pound might give a hig... Подробнееher comparative advantage for the Lebanese agriculture production that will replace imports and lead to more export. This will attract more investment and thus increase production size. On the other hand, if consumers shift to locally produced foods, they would have chosen a healthier and more nutritious option. There is a need to capitalize on the role of cooperatives while encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship in the food sector to decrease production cost, introduce sustainable techniques, and providing more job opportunities to women and youth. It was recommended to create innovative ways of managing farmers’ markets to increase income. Specific and advantageous production value chains for specialization increasing comparative advantage were identified. Water harvesting in addition to using hydroponics farming as part of urban agriculture were prioritized. There should be more youth involvement in the sector and farmers should be directly connected to their respective consumers. In the current crisis, the fuel shortage in Lebanon is affecting the food system. It was noted that the absence of appropriate and advanced technology in addition to the lack of financial support for farmers and investment in proper infrastructure is adding to the sector’s vulnerability. As far as youth are concerned, macro-level policies and regulations are needed to support innovation and technology. A mapping of all needed data should be made available. It was also recommended to scale up funding from food innovation enterprises. On the meso level, institutions should be enforced and partnered with international cooperation. Partnerships between the youth and private sectors should be maximized. On the micro-level, it is highly necessary to maximize the use of resources and raw materials for the industrial sector in addition to link green technologies and energy efficiency with innovation. Fostering clustered approach leads to comparative advantage. Innovation should focus on more affordable cost-efficient produce that matches the local demand. It was also recommended by most participants to promote high technology used in farming, to reduce costs and improve production. Скрыть

Participants presented the main challenges of the food systems in the 3 different tracks in a comprehensive exploration of the food systems. They agreed on a number of ways that the food system in Lebanon can be strengthened including capacity building for farmers in agricultural operations. Participants examined solutions linking between different Action Tracks and levers of change.

Smallholder farmers have been practicing sustainable agriculture. However, it is changing due to degradation and availability of natural resources, commercial agriculture, climate changes, etc. Build and strengthen farmers’ cooperatives and their enterprises that will give farmers stronger involvement in value chains and increase their market power. Tireless and creative campaigning and land right movement has achieved policy results and established that access and ownership of land have to be provided farmers/tillers. Family farming and the family property are the inseparable parts of a coi... Подробнееn women are the game changer of socioeconomic development of family and nations. So land ownership should be provided to women. Creative and solution-based big movement can bring great politic change. For change, organisations should strengthen organisation for effective movement. Collaboration with government actors for effective programs and execute the better results provides more credibility and increases local leverage. So collaboration with government has to be done. Strengthen young farmers’ organisation in the country through continued organizing efforts. Rethink community organizing strategies in this pandemic/use of digital platforms. We need community champions and leaders Скрыть

Farmers continue to face challenges from including control to productive resources and access to technologies, essential information, financial service, and fair market. There is a need to invest in strengthening farmers' organizations. The central role of family farmers and their organizations in food system has been proven and widely acknowledged: - Family farmers are feeding the world (IAASTD) - Maturity and Sustainability of FFOs are closely associated with increased benefits of smallholder (based on IFAD commissioned study in the Philippines) - Membership in a farmers’ organization was ... Подробнееassociated with positive effects on income (CERES 2030) FFOs are SOLUTION PROVIDERS/INNOVATORS/GAME CHANGERS FFOs are ACCELERATORS of SDG FFOs are PROPELLERS of Climate Resilient Agriculture Скрыть

The focused is on the family farmers' innovative solutions and proposed actions to scale out and sustain these innovative solutions under the following themes: Promote secure tenurial rights of small-scale women and men family farmers over natural resources: lands, waters, forests, seeds Produce diverse and nutritious food through sustainable, integrated, diversified, resilient, organic, agroecological family farming systems and practices in farms and forested landscapes Build and strengthen family farmers’ cooperatives and their enterprises that will give farmers stronger involvement in val... Подробнееue chains and increase their market power Promote fair treatment and ensure equitable rights and opportunities among women and men farmers Promote agriculture towards the young and build their interests and capacities towards sustainable and resilient farming and related enterprises Скрыть