Explore Official Dialogue Feedback

Las repercusiones de la transformación de los sistemas alimentarios. Es necesario adoptar un Compromiso firme para hacer que los Sistemas Alimentarios sean plenamente sostenibles en su triple vertiente: ambiental, social y económica. Los avances hacia la plena sostenibilidad tendrán en cuenta en todo momento esta triple faceta, ya que los sistemas no podrán ser plenamente sostenibles si alguna de ellas no es tenida en cuenta apropiadamente. Esto implica que los avances hacia métodos de producción, de transporte, distribución, transformación, consumo y gestión de residuos con menor imp... Read moreacto ambiental deberán tener en cuenta la necesidad de seguir incrementando la producción de alimentos para responder a las necesidades de una población creciente, y deberán proporcionar medios de vida dignos a todos los integrantes de la cadena, con especial atención a los más vulnerables, así como alimentos seguros, sanos y asequibles a toda la población. Read less

La sostenibilidad de los sistemas alimentarios debe ser plena para poder ser posible: ambiental, social y económica. Es fundamental no descuidar ninguna de estas tres facetas para no dejar a nadie atrás. Al tiempo que se transita hacia la plena sostenibilidad de los sistemas alimentarios, se constata que se necesitará alimentar a una población creciente, y para ello la producción deberá crecer en 2050 entre un 60 y un 70%. Se constata también que, con las actuales tecnologías, muchas de las soluciones hacia producciones sostenibles implican una bajada de la productividad. Por lo tanto,... Read more se estima que sólo a través del progreso técnico y la innovación será posible avanzar simultáneamente en las tres facetas de la sostenibilidad. Para ello, será precisa una mayor coordinación entre los diferentes actores, públicos y privados, en el campo de la innovación; se necesitará incrementar sensiblemente las inversiones en este campo, y será preciso poner en marcha mecanismos que aseguren que las soluciones innovadoras son accesibles a todos los actores de la cadena, y que todos se benefician de ellas, incluidos los pequeños agricultores y la agricultura familiar. Read less

Una revisión de la situación de los sistemas alimentarios en España, con especial atención al papel de la innovación y el progreso técnico, así como de la reorientación de los incentivos públicos hacia la sostenibilidad de los sistemas.

• There is inherent tension between the industry's desire to adopt international regulation (EU, US) "as-is" and the responsibility of the regulator to adjust the regulation to the unique circumstances of the country. • There is a contradiction between the need for food safety and longer shelf life and attractive coloring and taste and the need for cleaner labelling. • There is a discrepancy between the right of the consumer to transparency and the limitation of the labelling. • Lack of unanimously accepted definition of ultra-processed food and harmful foods. • The regulator is obli... Read moreged to prevent additional exposure to unhealthy foods by limiting the industry and the television programs and advertising that encourages unhealthy eating. This should be managed by regulation, whereas the industry prefers pledges/voluntary charters. • There is a need to add health score symbols on the packaging like carcinogenic etc. • There is a need to maintain and enhance the Israeli agriculture from the food security perspective and sustainability in light of the SDG's, and to favor local production over imported foods, despite of lower cost effectiveness. • Who takes the responsibility over the food health risk factors communication; Government, industry, the public? • There is abandonment of traditional eating and use of local crops due to globalization and modernization. • Sustainable packaging and recycling. There is no incentive for the industry to use sustainable packaging, nor to recycle, and excessive packaging is still common. • While several stakeholders proposed the implementation of stricter regulation and enforcement, others suggested adopting a looser strategy relying on the responsibility of the manufacturer/importer. Currently, official controls are partially relying on self-declarations but when analyzed the products might not meet the regulatory requirements. • Lack of food quality and subjective parameters in food tenders regarding nutritional quality, technology, taste and requirement for better equipment in institutional kitchen facilities. • There are disagreements on the need to replace protein of animal origin with plant-based protein. • Disagreement between governmental ministries regarding the need to establish a healthy “food basket” with a fixed price including subsidies. • There is a need to ensure that highly nutritious and appealing foods are served in "dining rooms" at schools lunch-program, these being foods that the children will enjoy eating, without compromising on food safety and quality. • There is a need for every school to have dining rooms in order to encourage good nutritional habits in early stages of life. • On the one hand Israel is currently leading the development of alternative protein technologies while on the other hand there are not enough resources to make the shift to large scale production. • Gap between policies and implementation: although there are basic Nutritional Policies for healthy eating in educational institutes, there is a gap between policy and implementation and a lack of human resources and awareness regarding the existing policies. Read less

The following challenges were identified: • Lack of public awareness to consume a safe, healthy and less –ultra-processed diet, and the connection to sustainability. • The industry still has place for improvement regarding the development of healthier foods, and sustainable food reformulation and packaging. • Data regarding public exposure, especially in susceptible populations, to foodstuff and dietary patterns is incomplete and biomonitoring data is limited. Government official controls should rely on data to better adjust enforcement measures to the level of risk. • There are limi... Read moreted government resources available to enhance food and nutritional data collections and research regarding epidemiology and intervention studies, including with the academia at the local population levels, in order to establish evidence-based nutrition policy. Currently, most of the available data is based on studies carried out by commercial stakeholders. • The ultra-processed foods are more attractive to the general population, in comparison to fresh foods, for various reasons including lack of nutritional education and lack of economic incentives. • Foods for people with special nutritional needs (such as allergies, non-communicable diseases) is expensive and not always accessible. • Heterogenic populations are exposed to different advertisements for unhealthy foods, including foreign, digital, and specifically targeted messages. Low SES populations are more exposed to the harmful advertisements. • Incorporation of nutrition guidelines through the life cycle faces a few challenges, according to age groups such as the first 1000 days of life, teenagers and the elderly each having their own nutritional needs and challenges. Immigrants, ethnicity-affiliation, religious group and populations in transition, may be affected by malnutrition and therefore are more vulnerable. • Currently, there is no significant nutrition education in the school curricula. There is a need for regulations voluntary nutrition education does not work. • Integrating nutritional education and better health literacy as an integral part of the education system in Israel, focusing on the young ages and various socio-economic strata. • Regulation is non-harmonized, and is addressed by several regulators, each with different requirements. Laboratory testing methods are not always available or optimal in terms of costs and response time. • There is not always an economic justification for developing analytical methods and government laboratories lack the necessary resources to enable them to serve as reference laboratories. • The geographic location of Israel makes it a wild-animals migration hub and therefore more susceptible to zoonotic diseases. • Education regarding the use of packaging and public awareness of sustainability and recycling of packages and single-use-utensils is insufficient. • Healthy sustainable food systems in institutions, companies and local authorities are necessary. There is a need for professional nutritional experts as leaders and for training the workers in the field. • Harmonizing and keeping the food chain safe, healthy, and suitable to the needs of the clients and consumers, in light of quality control. • There is a need to minimize food waste and use of disposable packaging and utensils, through education, and training for sustainable food purchase. • Optimization of development of alternative protein sources and their production, so as to imitate the conventional products and to make them available and accessible to the general public without compromising health and sustainable aspects. • The Government has limited resources to keep up with the rapid development of the food tech taking into consideration the lack of international guidelines and standards. • Local authorities are varied by the level of awareness, budgets and availability of professional experts in nutrition and strategy to implement healthy nutrition in all policies, which result in poor implementation of healthy nutrition strategy. • There are no dedicated defined units responsible for public health within the local municipalities. Read less

Implementation guidelines for healthy and sustainable diet policy

Food security: Should food security be defined broadly or should emergency food insecurity remain defined separately as a poverty issue? Should food insecurity policy focus on welfare and benefits or on poverty reduction measures that emphasize increasing employment (purchasing power) rather than dealing with the high price of nutritious food and health (food system policy addressing market failures, agriculture production, food subsidies, imports, etc( How should food insecurity be measured and targets for policy defined? By subjective measures such as the USDA questionnaire or by econometric... Read more criteria? How should health outcomes be factored in? Communication and social media: There were disagreements regarding the potential role of the food industry and concerns about its role in advancing more sustainable alternatives and the way it would promote them. Food industry: Definition of ultra-processed and harmful food Read less

Urban food systems: • The goal of rescuing food is an urban challenge that can both help feed the urban poor, prevent unnecessary dumping, and generate reciprocity among the diverse urban communities. • Urban planning and management must factor into their system the need for access to fresh and healthy food within neighborhoods. • Urban food growing, until now focused on educational and community goals, should undertake the challenge of effective production of greens and fruit-bearing trees in the city. This will require regulatory measures • To address these challenges and to achieve ... Read morethese targets, cities must work together as a network with shared goals, to generate the push needed for regulatory change, which will require approval at the government level. Food security The Topic Outcomes included and urgent need to: 1) Define food security broadly, and consider it a national government priority, for social resilience and domestic and national security 2) Enhance governance, by creating an overarching, integrated, inter-ministerial policy review to develop a food systems master plan to ensure food security in its broad definition. 3) Define outcome measures and targets, assign responsibility for monitoring, formative and evaluative research 4) Develop a master plan for Israeli agriculture taking into consideration sustainability, climate change threats, economic planning 5) Expand economic policy to correct market failures and to accommodate agriculture and health outcomes, to achieve food availability and prices that will contribute to achieving targets for reducing the prevalence of food insecurity and improving the nation's diet and health and environment. Communication and social media:  Identifying socio-cultural and economic barriers and potential solutions for diverse groups within and across populations.  Reframing the issue as one that concerns all and not only privileged groups  Raising the issue in the media and creating engagement and discourse.  Addressing information gaps.  Addressing misinformation and disinformation from public and commercial sources. Food waste and food loss: • Lack of national food waste reduction goals and policies, and as a result lack of success indicators • The lack of governmental budget leaves the challenge of food rescue in the hands of local NGOs • Lack of consistent policy for organic waste management that leads to unreasonable allocation of resources (institutional / commercial versus domestic food waste) • Lack of synchronization between local government and central government Food industry: 1. Regulation: contradicting regulations of different authorities or ministries, contradicting requirements and rapid changes. 2. The challenge of forming multi-sectoral collaborations to achieve the DSGs goals. 3. Designated budget for public research on food and health impacts, including novel foods. 4. The need of balancing between economic needs, public health, the environment and the community Read less

Urban food systems: 1. We discovered the need to address the challenges faced by the different sectors of population in the city, of varying socio-economic levels, and defined by diverse religious, ethnic and cultural characteristics. 2. There is a need to look beyond the city’s boundary, and include the peri-urban agricultural areas in the local food system. It may not be possible for the city to achieve food security on its own, but this should be a feasible goal at the regional level. Food security 1. The overarching challenge identified by this dialog was for the government to shoulder t... Read morehe responsibility for planning, appropriating and regulating a coordinated national food security policy. 2. Food insecurity is an Israeli national security concern. 3. Climate change and water scarcity are projected to increase, potentially contributing to regional instability. 4. Fragmentation: different ministries and agencies, with different, often conflicting priorities and little coordination between them, regulate different aspects of the food system. 5. Solutions are aimed at long-term policies to increase workforce participation and earning power of poor populations, and there are minimal benefits or food aid. 6. The government does not appropriate any significant assistance for alleviating food insecurity nor does it take responsibility for the food insecure population. Communication and social media: • Complexity: The overall issue of sustainable food systems is complex, appears distant, has an image that it is mainly relevant to those who are privileged • Diversity: Challenges need to be articulated and focused on diversity among and within different population groups, and identifying those which do not correspond to healthier and more sustainable food consumption. • Cost and current lifestyle: Economic cost and the convenience of processed foods in a hurried and pressured lifestyle serve as major barriers to healthier and more sustainable food consumption, in particular among groups with low income. • Media: competition with other issues considered more urgent, and journalists that consider it as controversial and attempt to present “both sides.” • Competition and disinformation: Commercial marketing of food products confuses and obfuscates the issue of healthy and sustainable foods by misleading advertising or emphasizing micronutrients, thus diverting attention from non-nutritious or non-sustainable elements. Food waste and food loss: • Significant knowledge gaps - The lack of empirical data and continuous measurement make it difficult to manage the challenge nor to set a coherent policy • The Price Marking Order requires that any goods offered for sale must have their price clearly indicated. This requirement constitutes a significant barrier to the transition to dynamic pricing • Technological gaps might constitutes a significant barrier to the implementation of dynamic pricing in retail networks Food industry: 1. Finding the balance between local agriculture and local production versus import. National food security depends on food independency. 2. Food Waste - Reducing consumer and manufacturer waste 3. Lack of manpower in the food industry 4. The need of Strengthening small and medium-sized industry, strengthening community-oriented industry 5. Reducing the Environmental Footprint of Industry - Providing tools, infrastructure, and goals for the development of fossil fuel free industry, and circular economy Read less

The focus of the dialogue was: urban food systems, food security, food industry, food waste and food loss and communication and social media. Urban food systems: Discussed the importance of cities integrating most of the SDG’s, as well as a chance to concomitantly address the need for behavioral change through education and social marketing, and regulatory change through local government. Food security: The dialogue focused on exploring and identifying the policy challenges that Israel faces in achieving Sustainable Food Security, primarily from the perspective relevant to various government... Read more agencies (Health, Welfare, Community Resilience, Agriculture, Finance, Defense), with input from academicians and NGOs. Communication and social media: Discussed how different approaches to change food preferences through communication and social media. Food waste and food loss: Focused on the main challenges and/or barriers to reducing food waste? Food industry: Promotion of healthy food and reducing nutrition related diseases facing the food industry challenges Read less

1. Some participants attributed the lack of technological advances to the availability of foreign workers, while others stated that there are not enough foreign workers. 2. The importance of domestic supply for providing food security in the future in times of climate change and population growth, vs. the importance of imports (is it necessary to protect domestic agricultural production by custom duties to ensure present and future supply of fresh domestic products, or should import restrictions be abolished in order to ensure food supply in Israel and decrease food prices) 3. The importance o... Read moref agriculture in providing public goods. Read less

The first dialogue focused on the challenges that are to be address. The challenges are detailed in the "Main Findings" section.

The main findings that emerged from the plant food systems dialogues included challenges related to the supply of production factors (land, water and workers), use of pesticides and fertilizers, climate change, food security, R&D, knowledge transfer, adoption of technologies to raise productivity, marketing, policy and regulatory tools regarding the status of agriculture, waste management, the position regarding imports/local production. Detailed explanation of each category: 1. Supply of production factors: a) Water – high water prices and not enough subsidization for infrastructure dev... Read moreelopment, a lack of information regarding the long-term implications of the use of recycled wastewater. b) Land – limited area available for agriculture, contraction of agricultural area resulting from an increase in other land uses, need to update legislation (e.g. there is no law to encourage agriculture in Israel, absence of definition of "agriculture" in planning and building law, outdated "settlement law"). c) Workers - restricted number of foreign workers along with the fact that most Israelis do not want to do manual work in agriculture creates a shortage of workers. Seasonality of production, administrative allocation and limitations on mobility of foreign workers among farmers result in a suboptimal allocation. 2. Farmers: lack of generational renewal 3. Research and Development, Knowledge transfer – Ensure public agricultural extension, Implementation of research results, ensure budget for agricultural R&D, collaboration with start-up companies. 4. Pesticides and fertilizers – lack of effective environmentally friendly pesticides. Part of fertilizers and pesticides are imported, leading to a possibility of shortage; negative environmental impacts resulting from the extensive use of pesticides and fertilizers due to the prevailing climatic conditions and ground structure in the country; frictions with the urban sector and nature. 5. Climate changes – lack of knowledge regarding climate change and its effect on different crops, development of climate change policy for agricultural sector and sufficient investment for climate change adaptation, supplying the necessary information to farmers about tools for adaption and crops that can be grown. 6. Uncertainty of farming in Israel: increased variability of yields resulting from climate change, frequent policy changes increase uncertainty for farmers. 7. Technologies – difficulties in improving and adopting new agricultural technologies. Technologies to reduce food waste. There is a need to improve soil fertility. In recent years, the productivity of the agricultural sector declined – it is necessary to understand the causes and increase productivity. 8. Food security – providing the economic, social and environmental conditions to generate food security and healthy nutrition for the local population. Ensuring that agriculture in Israel is profitable for farmers. Domestic agricultural production is stagnating in recent years. We need to be prepared for future scenarios in which domestic agriculture will need to increase its production substantially: population growth, change in nutrition habits, climate change and emergency situations. The challenge is to create the conditions that will enable the agricultural sector to supply the food necessary in the light of future scenarios. The growing Palestinian population should be accounted for as well. 9. Marketing – coping with aggressive marketing of ultra-processed food. There is a need to ensure profitability of food production in Israel. Steady supply of raw material to the food industry. 10. Policies – Ministries need to collaborate in order to establish a holistic and sustainable policy for the food system with clear long-term objectives. Disagreements about objectives and policy instruments (e.g. importance of agriculture, subsidies). There is a need for long-term policy objectives for the agricultural sector. Differences in requirements for imported and domestic agricultural products. 11. Agricultural waste management – food losses and waste, waste resulting from surplus production, developing an alternative for plastic, creating a standard for compost. 12. Conflicts between environment and agriculture, e.g. overlap of wildlife corridors and agricultural land. Need to find balance between nature and agriculture. Not enough incentives for farmers to use sustainable agriculture. 13. Barriers to the development of urban agriculture Read less

Our dialogue's focus was a comprehensive exploration of sustainable plant food systems, with a focus on the agricultural sector. The FAO defines a sustainable food system as a "food system that delivers food security and nutrition for all in such a way that the economic, social and environmental bases to generate food security and nutrition for future generations are not compromised". A food system incorporates many aspects, our dialogue focused on various aspects relevant to a sustainable plant food system: 1) Domestic production (quantity and composition); 2) Means of production; 3) Producti... Read morevity improvement, 4) Sustainable plant production; and 5) Production profitability. Each topic was discussed separately in a round table format. The emphasis of the first dialogue was to identify and define the major challenges in each field. Read less

La interacciones entre los territorios Es necesario reconocer las interacciones y las relaciones que hay entre los sistemas alimentarios, los territorios, y los ecosistemas, que afectan a la sociedad entera. Los trabajadores del medio rural están sometidos a presiones cada vez mayores; no solo ambientales, sino por políticas económicas y sociales. Por ello es de vital importancia apoyar la agricultura familiar, a los pueblos indígenas y sobre todo el territorio rural y las ciudades pequeñas, ya que aquí viven el 70% de la población mundial, donde se produce la mayoría de los alimentos ... Read morey donde las políticas públicas nacionales e internacionales han de detenerse para lograr un desarrollo sostenible, la eliminación del hambre y de la malnutrición y la creación de territorios prósperos. España tiene un importante problema de despoblación del medio rural. Es esencial impulsar un nuevo contrato social rural-urbano, para lo cual las zonas rurales han de ser pobladas de nuevo, des-homogeneizar la visión del mundo rural, evitar la segregación de espacios, consolidar redes de actores y de participación pública, evitar las externalidades dañinas y aplicar enfoques de políticas públicas más territoriales. El programa LEADER en Europa, que llevan más de 30 años construyendo territorio y fomentado el desarrollo rural, ha tenido lecciones muy positivas. Read less

Agricultura familiar Es preciso desarrollar políticas que protejan a la agricultura familiar. Las explotaciones familiares producen más del 80% de los alimentos en el mundo en cuanto al valor. Al mismo tiempo, de los 570 millones de explotaciones agropecuarias que se estiman que existen en el mundo, más de 500 millones se dedican a la agricultura familiar. A pesar de su función como principales contribuyentes a la seguridad alimentaria, especialmente en los países en desarrollo, los pequeños productores son los más afectados por los retos que plantea el desarrollo, ya que suelen carecer... Read more de acceso a los recursos naturales y agrícolas, incluida la tierra, a los insumos y a los mercados – también a la información sobre los mercados y los precios, al crédito, a la mejora de las tecnologías, a los servicios de extensión, a la información meteorológica, a los instrumentos de gestión del riesgo, a la protección social, y con un bajo poder de negociación en las relaciones económicas y políticas. El Objetivo del Decenio de la Agricultura Familiar es movilizar acciones concretas y coordinadas para superar estos desafíos que enfrentan los agricultores familiares, para lo cual, cuenta con un Plan de Acción Mundial. Read less

Reforzar el papel de los productores en la cadena de valor Es preciso reforzar el papel de los productores, en particular de los pequeños productores, en la cadena de valor. A menudo la formación de los precios se hace de arriba abajo, y los productores perciben precios que no remuneran suficientemente su trabajo. Es preciso mejorar la organización y la agrupación de los productores para que ganen capacidad de negociación frente a la distribución y los demás agentes de la cadena, y es preciso dotarse de legislación que proteja a los productores de las prácticas comerciales desleales.

Resiliencia del abastecimiento En España durante la pandemia, las cadenas de valor y el comercio de proximidad han tenido una gran importancia a la hora de mantener la distribución. Las políticas territoriales, la participación de la sociedad civil y la implicación de los consumidores en la toma de decisiones es vital. En España, hay algunos ejemplos de ciudades que están impulsando iniciativas de abastecimiento local y de agricultura de cercanía. El reto actualmente para muchos agricultores es el de asumir la carga burocrática para mantener todas las exigencias ambientales.

El Derecho a la alimentación. El derecho a una alimentación adecuada se reconoce como un derecho humano fundamental que los Estados deben defender, y debe ser el principio básico en apoyo de la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición: para que un sistema alimentario sea considerado sostenible y justo tiene que garantizar el derecho a la alimentación. Los sistemas actuales no logran proveer de dietas sanas y sostenibles a toda la humanidad ni asumen un modelo inclusivo; y ello con vistas a alimentar a una población en aumento. Por ello, necesitamos un sistema alimentario que garantice que lo... Read mores alimentos sean adecuados y asequibles para todos, y que trabaje en favor del bienestar de las personas. Debemos transformar los sistemas alimentarios con el objetivo de hacer efectivo el derecho a la alimentación y potenciando su efecto palanca para lograr los objetivos de la Agenda 2030. Y ello requiere un diálogo social para integrar cuestiones tan diversas como los impactos en salud y nutrición, la degradación ambiental, y la situación y medios de vida de los pequeños agricultores y de las mujeres. Se planteó la necesidad de explorar la forma en que los Estados tengan una implicación más directa para garantizar el derecho a una alimentación sana por parte de toda la población, con especial atención a las personas en situación de vulnerabilidad - población infantil, ancianos y mujeres, entre otros. El Derecho a la Alimentación debería figurar en la Constitución. Al igual que el estado proporciona servicios como la sanidad universal, o la educación, también debería garantizar de forma efectiva el acceso a una alimentación nutritiva para toda la población. La alimentación no puede ser un bien de consumo más. Read less

El derecho a una alimentación adecuada se reconoce como un derecho humano fundamental que los Estados deben defender, y debe ser el principio básico en apoyo de la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición. Debemos transformar los sistemas alimentarios con el objetivo de hacer efectivo el derecho a la alimentación y potenciando su efecto palanca para lograr los objetivos de la Agenda 2030. Y ello requiere un diálogo social para integrar cuestiones tan diversas como los impactos en salud y nutrición, la degradación ambiental, y la situación y medios de vida de los pequeños agricultores y de... Read more las mujeres. El Derecho a la Alimentación debería figurar en la Constitución. Al igual que el estado proporciona servicios como la sanidad universal, o la educación, también debería garantizar de forma efectiva el acceso a una alimentación nutritiva para toda la población. La alimentación no puede ser un bien de consumo más. Es preciso reforzar el papel de los productores, en particular de los pequeños productores, en la cadena de valor. A menudo la formación de los precios se hace de arriba abajo, y los productores perciben precios que no remuneran suficientemente su trabajo. Es preciso mejorar la organización y la agrupación de los productores para que ganen capacidad de negociación frente a la distribución y los demás agentes de la cadena, y es preciso dotarse de legislación que proteja a los productores de las prácticas comerciales desleales. Es preciso desarrollar políticas que protejan a la agricultura familiar. Las explotaciones familiares producen más del 80% de los alimentos en el mundo en cuanto al valor. A pesar de su función como principales contribuyentes a la seguridad alimentaria, especialmente en los países en desarrollo, los pequeños productores son los más afectados por los retos que plantea el desarrollo, ya que suelen carecer de acceso a los recursos naturales y agrícolas, incluida la tierra, a los insumos y a los mercados – también a la información sobre los mercados y los precios, al crédito, a la mejora de las tecnologías, a los servicios de extensión, a la información meteorológica, a los instrumentos de gestión del riesgo, a la protección social, y con un bajo poder de negociación en las relaciones económicas y políticas. Es necesario reconocer las interacciones y las relaciones que hay entre los sistemas alimentarios, los territorios, y los ecosistemas, que afectan a la sociedad entera. Los trabajadores del medio rural están sometidos a presiones cada vez mayores; no solo ambientales, sino por políticas económicas y sociales. Por ello es de vital importancia apoyar la agricultura familiar, a los pueblos indígenas y sobre todo el territorio rural y las ciudades pequeñas. Read less