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The nexus between climate change, biodiversity and plant health is highly relevant to global food security and food systems, and the attainment of the SDGs. Climate change is allowing plant pests and diseases to thrive in places where we did not see them before. Climate change will result in more frequent extreme weather events, potentially leading to altered locations and methods of food production around the world. Climate change will affect pest epidemiology, pest distribution and host distribution, and thereby pest impacts. Water security will become an increasing challenge for more region... Read mores in the world, affecting where crops are grown and marketed. New or mutated pests or their more aggressive strains will emerge and have a significant impact on crop productivity and quality, the environment and trade. Therefore, the participants highlighted the importance of implementing the IPPC standards and policies and the new IPPC Strategic Framework 2020-2030 to prevent the spread of pests. The IPPC goal is that all countries have the capacity to implement harmonized measures to prevent pest introductions and spread, and minimize the impact of pests on food security, trade, economic growth, and the environment. Climate change may make this more challenging, but also more urgent. Mitigating the impact of climate change provides yet another powerful driver for a harmonized effort. To ensure global food security and attainment of the SDGs, it is important to achieve the objectives of the IPPC Strategic Framework 2020-2030, which stipulates that by 2030, the impact of climate change on plant health and the safe trade of plants and plant products should be evaluated on a regular basis, especially in relation to pest risk analysis and global surveillance issues, and that phytosanitary issues are adequately reflected in the international climate change debate under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This goal was also reiterated among the participants. Innovative solutions like the establishment of global surveillance networks, coordinated research activities and integrated global pest risk analysis databases should be investigated to ensure that also less developed countries have access to sufficient scientific tools and data. It is suggested that International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs) relevant to Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) are assessed with regard to their suitability to address issues related to climate change. PRA activities need to be intensified at national, regional and international levels and climate-change aspects need to be included in the assessment of pest risk. With regard to biodiversity, the participants reiterated that plant health does not only protect agricultural production, but also our ecosystems and biodiversity against invasive alien species, and what the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) calls quarantine pests. For this reason, the IPPC has cooperated with the Convention on Biological Diversity for 20 years. Participants highlighted that it is important that the IPPC as a Biodiversity Liaison Group (BLG) member keeps collaborating with other biodiversity related conventions and entities, and maintains an open dialogue with them. It was especially stressed that international cooperation between biodiversity related conventions should be increased and an inclusive One-Health Approach, including environmental and plant health, established. The participants also stressed the importance of increased regional and international cooperation in order to address efficaciously challenges posed by climate change to preserve biodiversity and protect plant health. The participants believed that plant genetic resources are key to future plant health challenges and the risk of erosion of biodiversity, and that data collection plays a major role in that. It was thought that possibilities to create an international system for easy, but safe movement of genetic material should be explored. Read less

The International Year Plant Health (IYPH) Webinar Series was one of the events building path to the International Plant Health Conference, which will take place during the week of 9 to 13 May 2022, following its cancellation in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The series aligns with advancing the objectives of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) Strategic Framework 2020-2030. It aims to ensure continuous engagement of the international community to promoting awareness of plant health after the official closure of the IYPH, and to support the potential declaration o... Read moref the International Day of Plant Health on 12 May of each year by the United Nations General Assembly. The second event of the IYPH Webinar Series took place virtually on 30 June 2020. Technical panels offered presentations on the relationship between climate change, plant health and biodiversity. Mitigation of climate-change related impacts on agriculture and plant health will present a major challenge to national plant protection organizations and international organizations in the plant health field. Changes in food production patterns and trade will become evident over the next two decades. The resulting changes in plant health, such as anomalies in pest epidemiology and frequent expansion of pest distributions, will pose new challenges, especially in the areas of surveillance, monitoring and pest risk analysis. The danger of pests adapting to changed climate parameters may cause new pest risk to major staple crops. The webinar provided input for the implementation of the IPPC Strategic Framework 2020-2030’s development agenda item on assessing and managing the impact of climate change on plant health. All the participants were also encouraged to read the FAO Scientific review of the impact of climate change on plant pests - A global challenge to prevent and mitigate plant-pest risks in agriculture, forestry and ecosystems, which was published on 1 June 2021 as one of the legacies of the IYPH. The review provides scientific foundations for the IPPC community’s actions on assessing and managing the impact of climate change on plant health. Read less

2. Technical session: Plant health tools for sustainable food systems This session was a technical session with experts from different fields exploring different technical approaches to protect plant health and obtain sustainable food systems. Key take-aways of the session; Among the techniques discussed was Pest Risk Analysis (PRA), which was presented as an essential tool for National Plant Protection Organizations and Regional Plant Protection Organizations to protect plant resources and biodiversity, increase safe global trade, provide economic growth and prevent plant pest introductions. ... Read moreAmong the recommendations made it was noted that it is important to use the right type of PRA in the correct situation: - Rapid PRA for a qualitative evaluation following new pest interceptions and outbreaks; - Comprehensive PRA to yield a more detailed qualitative and quantitative evaluation to justify changes to phytosanitary legislation; - A detailed analysis of certain aspects of PRA for a quantitative assessment to resolve major uncertainties. It was also duly noted that PRA should be performed even if certain information about the pest is lacking as PRA would still have a degree of efficiency. This panel also discussed the importance of detection tools and surveillance mechanisms such as plant pest surveys. The development of adequate plant pest surveys through a national network of co-operators and stakeholders, can be tailored to cover different target pests, provide pest information and help countries prepare to pest outbreaks. It was highlighted that for an ideal survey a network should be created, ideally different experts from different branches of plant protection should be involved to draft different aspects and areas of the survey for more accurate results. Sample size calculation and appropriate statistical analyses were also presented as crucial components of pest surveillance and early detection mechanisms. This section of the event also detailed the importance of establishing specialised structures at national and regional level to suppress plant pest dispersion and protect food systems. Certain important roles these structures have should be highlighted when analysing some existing structures: - Train phytosanitary practitioners in a variety of techniques including PRA and other surveillance mechanisms, tailored to specifically address national and regional issues; - Mainstream national plant health information through advocacy material production; - Establish national plant health conferences to coordinates and focus phytosanitary activities; - Promote the creation of an effective phytosanitary network by partnering with other organizations and cooperating with other countries; - Encourage the construction of national structures containing biosecurity laboratories. During the session important considerations were also made for phytosanitary efforts to be made at regional level. Once again the importance of using systems like PRA, alert procedures and similar mechanisms was reinforced. Suggestions were also made to develop more technological pest surveillance systems and adapt these systems to take into consideration changes in plants and pests that may occur as a result of climate change variability. The digitalization of these practices would also allow having access to easily updatable databases with complete regarding the whole region. Suggestions to prevent plant pest introduction included: - Support countries and areas of the region with low pest prevalence to prevent introduction of pests; - Strengthen the implementation of phytosanitary inspection and certification; - Utilize integrated pest management techniques to both prevent pest introduction and eradicate pest in a sustainable manner. Read less

1. The relation between Plant Health and Food Security This session presented different ways in which Plant Health and Food Security are related to each other. Key take-aways of the session: Food aid to providing food commodities to a recipient country in need of assistance, can act as a pathway for plant pests ultimately doing more harm than good. To reduce pest risk by promoting safe provision of food aid that implement phytosanitary measures, the following suggestions were made: - Develop and maintain emergency plans and preparedness activities to reduce regulated pest introduction risk; - ... Read moreRaise awareness of pest risk to stakeholders and partner with relevant stakeholders to improve the phytosanitary aspect of the food aid provision plan also using the guidance available from International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs); - Encourage donor countries to perform pre-dispatch and during transit treatments; - Increase the visibility of information about goods posing a pest risk; - Encourage exporting countries to meet phytosanitary requirements of the recipient country. Another aspect that was explored in this section was facilitating safe trade of grain suggested different means to improve grain trade as well as overall trade of plant-based commodities, these include: - Share vital research and expertise on the global supply chain through technical, legal and economic evaluations nationally and internationally; - Promote partnerships, forming networks working with experts from all over the world to facilitate safe trade; - Prioritize the IPPC and promote the implementation of the already existing ISPMs while also encouraging the establishment of new trade-related ISPMs to promote a rule-based trading system; - Encourage the use of the ePhyto Solution especially to governments deemed important grain traders, involving of the whole supply chain to improve these initiatives; - Create of an Industry Advisory Group to complement the FAO’s private sector strategy; - Develop non-trade distortive means for food and feed processing risk management; - Connect smallholders to the global network. The topic of phytosanitary system to protect food security at a national level was also explores and recommendations were made accordingly: - Promote implementation of preventive measures rather than curative measures; - Develop effective predictive models like Horizon Scanning Tool, Pest Risk Assessment and pest surveillance support tools; - Enhance cooperation between agencies, organizations and countries, to create a network for efficient pest detection and management activities; - Invest more in research focusing on emerging phytosanitary threats to ensure knowledge to tackle them if they become widespread; - Consider food security, trade and economic development equally when developing plant protection strategies; - Strengthen focus on regulatory plant protection, advisory plant protection and research plant protection to support access to food and support compliant production respectively. The last section of this panel was dedicated to recognising the role youth engagement and One Health play in food security and plant health. One Health approaches are essential for anticipation, prevention, detection and control of diseases and issues in the human-animal-plant-environment interface and thus, overall, also for ensuring food safety. - One health is essential in fighting zoonotic pandemics and antimicrobial resistance; - Enhancing national and international preparedness and performance in managing disease and pest outbreaks; - Direct focus to the development of policies for spill over containment through foresight approaches; - Mainstreamed One Health approaches and concepts to environment and natural resource-related agencies, that should direct their effort to abiding to these concepts; - Improving the national capacity of certain countries is essential to allow the inclusion of harmonious One Health approaches; - Empower youth and include them in environmental conversations, seen as they are the future, stimulate their enthusiasm about the matter by appealing to them with appropriate events. Read less

The participants highlighted the importance of informing the international community about the work of the IPPC community and its importance to food security and attainment of the SDGs. Thus they highlighted the importance of including plant health considerations and the IPPC international standards into the UN Food System Summit dialogues, seen the relevance of the topic to all five summit action tracks. The participants reiterated that multi-stakeholder collaboration is key to achieving plant health and sustainable food systems. The vital role plant health and safe trade of food and agricult... Read moreural products can have in alleviating food insecurity was recognised, with specific focus on pests and the logistical value chain that can affect safe agricultural trade. Hence, international commodity standards, better private/public cooperation in the development of standards and a global implementation of the e-Phyto Solution were determined to be essential tools to be worked on to facilitate safe trade. The participants highlighted the importance of implementing the International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs) as a first action point to obtain safer trade. The ISPMs were thus mentioned as sources of guidance for safer provision of food aid. The participants also reiterated the importance of focusing on prevention rather than on reaction, hence the need to improve the capacity of different countries was discussed, especially with regard to regulatory plant health. Among the capacities analysed during the event were capacities to predict pest risks through Pest Risk Analysis, Horizon Scanning Tool as well as the digitalization and improvement of other technological pest surveillance tools to monitor pests and prevent spread. In addition to the above, the importance of accurate sample size calculation tools to be implemented in pest surveillance was also agreed upon during the event. The importance of improving alert systems and immediate response activities was also explored as a means to efficiently react to newly established pests whenever prevention mechanisms failed. Among the techniques discussed, the need to develop and implement adequate pest surveys, tailored for specific species was highlighted as a necessary strategy to monitor pests and to allow their reliable identification. In addition, focus was also given to developing early detection systems and effective response systems, including emergency plans and preparedness activities to immediately contrast the spread of plant pest and prevent further damage. The event also analysed specialised structures established to train plant health practitioners with pest-specific and country-specific expertise in order to properly implement the plant health protection techniques, including the ones mentioned during the event. The various panellists encouraged the establishment of these structures, which also play a major role in popularising plant health to the public through events and by producing advocacy material. As plant health and especially the IPPC are natural stakeholders in the One-Health approach and activities with regard to antimicrobial resistance, the suggestion that the IPPC should be a full partner in the FAO internal cross-sectorial One Health activities, was advanced. Read less

The International Year Plant Health (IYPH) Webinar Series was one of the events building path to the International Plant Health Conference, which will place during the week of 9 to 13 May 2022, following its cancellation in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The series aligns with advancing the objectives of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) Strategic Framework 2020-2030. It aims to ensure continuous engagement of the international community to promoting awareness of plant health after the official closure of the IYPH, and to support the potential declaration of the... Read more International Day of Plant Health on 12 May each year by the United Nations General Assembly. The first event of the IYPH Webinar Series took place virtually on 29 June 2020. Technical panels offered detailed presentations on different plant health tools to be implemented to obtain sustainable food system and presentations on the results obtained by certain regions and structures implementing these tools. With the increase in globalization as well as national and international trade plant pests are offered more pathways to spread, with potentially disastrous consequences. This coupled to climate change allowing for pests to establish in areas that were previously hostile to them will signify changes in plant pest distribution resulting in changes in food production patterns and trade. Seen the predicted spread and effect of plant pests it is vital to increase the implementation of techniques to limit plant pest effects and protect food systems. During the webinar, various experts presented techniques to prevent pest spread to new areas as well as techniques to allow rapid identification and reaction to new pests. These techniques included Pest Risk Analysis, appropriate surveying procedures, sample size calculation and technological improvement of surveillance tools. The Webinar supported the implementation of the IPPC Strategic Framework 2020-2030 development agenda as well as informing the participants of the correct practices to implement to protect food systems. Read less

Grupo A. Contexto global para los sistemas regenerativos, inclusivos y resilientes: Preocupaciones sobre la reforma de la Ley Federal de Variedades Vegetales no concensuada, planteada tras la firma del Tratado entre México, Estados Unidos y Canadá (T-MEC) y el Tratado Transpacífico (TPP) y las cláusulas de UPOV-91. Grupo B. Acciones parlamentarias e institucionales nacionales: En el grupo de debate surgió la disyuntiva sobre la necesidad de realizar reformas al texto constitucional (artículo 73) para otorgar la facultad de legislar sobre el derecho a la alimentación o de reelaborar la p... Read moreropuesta de redacción del artículo 1º del Proyecto de la Ley General del Derecho a la Alimentación Adecuada para establecer los alcances sin realizar una reforma constitucional. Grupo C. • Existe un interés por promover prácticas agroecológicas y se trabaja en un programa nacional. Al mismo tiempo, otros apoyos al campo están enfocados en una producción más amplia e intensiva. • Se reconoce la voluntad de trabajar en la construcción de una postura integral hacia la Cumbre sobre Sistemas Alimentarios, pero preocupan las contradicciones al interior del país. • Se reconoce que hay una diversidad de postura aun dentro de organizaciones y pequeña producción: no todos esos grupos conocen de agroecología, o están dispuestos a dejar de usar agroquímicos. Desde sociedad civil, se puede promover las ventajas de una producción sana que garantice una alimentación saludable. • La gestión de parte de estas contradicciones o diferencias puede venir de un liderazgo fuerte por parte del Estado y las autoridades nacionales, hacia la unificación de posturas en cuanto a alimentación saludable, a sistemas alimentarios diversos, basados en producción agroecológica, en la regulación del sector privado para hacerlo responsable de sus efectos negativos en temas alimentarios y climáticos. Read less

Grupo C. El rol de la sociedad civil en los sistemas alimentarios regenerativos, inclusivos y resilientes: • Promover la construcción y fortalecimiento de grupos y redes globales que impulsen la participación organizada de grupos vinculados a todas las fases de los sistemas alimentarios. • Desarrollar acciones para la incorporación de los sujetos sociales locales y así como la elaborar de diagnósticos técnicos, sociales, culturales y económicos y ambientales. • Fortalecimiento de políticas y acciones programáticas concretas con enfoques agroecológicos y promoción de sistemas a... Read morelimentarios locales, con pleno respeto a su relación biocultural y conocimiento tradicional. • Fomentar los programas que incentiven la producción de traspatio y así como el uso de espacios públicos, promover la autosuficiencia alimentaria. • Fortalecimiento de los circuitos cortos de comercialización: comercio justo, compras públicas, vinculaciones locales y regionales entre otras acciones. • Coordinación interinstitucional y multidiciplinaria para la elaboración de las políticas públicas trasversales orientadas a la construcción de sistemas alimentarios integrales, regenerativos, inclusivos, justos y resilientes. • Garantizar mecanismos de transparencia, acceso a la información y parlamento abierto y co-creación de normas y políticas públicas que permitan una mayor deliberación e incidencia efectiva de las distintas demandas por parte todos los sectores de la población. Read less

Grupo B. Acciones parlamentarias e institucionales nacionales: • Fortalecer un trabajo de armonización integral de los ordenamientos jurídicos para los sistemas alimentarios que no presenten antinomias con otras legislaciones o normatividad. • Promover el uso de la evidencia técnica dentro del proceso legislativo y de creación de políticas públicas. • Identificación de áreas de oportunidad para fortalecer la capacidad institucional de fiscalización y vigilancia. • Fortalecer una visión la transversal de género en la creación de legislaciones y políticas públicas. • Crea... Read morer mecanismos que fortalezcan el autoconsumo sostenible por medio incentivar la producción local y el consumo responsable y sostenible para cumplimiento de los ODS 2 y 5. • Fortalecer las legislaciones que garanticen los derechos de los pueblos y comunidades indígenas y afrodescendientes. • Establecer lineamientos que identifiquen y prevengan los conflictos de intereses que puedan interferir en la construcción de políticas públicas o legislaciones. • Creación de mecanismos de monitoreo, fiscalización y evaluación periódicos que permitan medir la eficiencia de las legislaciones y políticas públicas implementadas que tomen encuenta los recursos humanos, técnicos, materiales y presupuestales disponibles. • Fortalecimiento de mecanismos de transparencia, acceso a la información y rendición de cuentas con mayor participación social en los parlamentos e instituciones de todos los niveles de gobierno. Read less

Grupo A. Contexto global para los sistemas regenerativos, inclusivos y resilientes: • Atender la distorsión del mercado mundial alimentario que privilegia la obtención de ganancias por encima de los derechos humanos a la alimentación, la salud, medio ambiente sano y los derechos sociales las poblaciones más rezagadas. • Promover regulaciones transnacionales y nacionales que fomenten la protección de sistemas alimentarios más sanos, justos, regenerativos y resilientes. • Proponer mecanismos que atiendan el incremento de la problemática de la renta de la tierra y falta de ingreso en... Read more los campesinos. • Desarrollar políticas que fomenten la revaloración del trabajo campesino. • Fortalecimiento del rol de las mujeres y los jóvenes en el campo. • Atender en la construcción de legislaciones y políticas públicas que tomen en cuenta la relación biocultural y conocimientos ancestrales locales. • Atender la falta de incentivos e inversión económica adecuada para desarrrollo de las comunidades campesinas. • Fomentar políticas públicas que incentiven a sistemas economía solidaria. Read less

Primero. Que la resolución de los problemas estructurales del hambre, la malnutrición, la emergencia sanitaria y el cambio climático, requieren soluciones integrales, regenerativas, inclusivas y resilientes. Segundo.Que es urgente para que transitemos de las actuales prácticas de producción, comercialización y consumo de alimentos, hacia modelos no sólo sostenibles, sino regenerativos. No basta con producir más alimentos en forma que se minimicen los daños al planeta: debemos empezar a producir alimentos de forma que restauren al hábitat, la biodiversidad y la salud y reduzcan las em... Read moreisiones de efecto invernadero. Tercero. Que es urgente atender la distorsión del mercado mundial alimentario a través regulaciones y acuerdos transnacionales y nacionales que fomenten la protección de sistemas alimentarios más sanos, justos, regenerativos y resilientes. Cuarto. Fortalecer las visiones transversales de género, intercultural y etaria en la creación de legislaciones y políticas públicas. Quinto. Que es necesario fortalecer las políticas y acciones programáticas concretas con enfoques agroecológicos y promoción de sistemas alimentarios locales, con pleno respeto a su relacion biocultural y conocimiento tradicional. Sexto. Que requiere una cooperación y coordinación interinstitucional, transdisciplinaria y multisectorial para la elaboración de políticas públicas trasversales orientadas a la construcción de sistemas alimentarios integrales, regenerativos, inclusivos, justos y resilientes. Séptimo. Que es prioritario garantizar mecanismos de transparencia, acceso a la información y parlamento abierto y co-creación de normas y políticas públicas con una amplia participación social. Read less

El “Diálogo independiente: sistemas alimentarios regenerativos, inclusivos y resilientes” el cual ha fue convocado desde el Frente Parlamentario Contra el Hambre, Capítulo México, ha tenido la finalidad de promover acciones comunes que permitan avanzar en la resolución de los problemas estructurales del hambre, la malnutrición, la emergencia sanitaria y el cambio climático en nuestro país y en el mundo, rumbo a la Cumbre 2021 Sobre los Sistemas Alimentarios. Este Diálogo ha representado una oportunidad para fortalecer políticas y directrices de atención prioritaria a los sistemas... Read more alimentarios, desde una perspectiva integral, regenerativa, inclusiva y resiliente. Esto, con especial relevancia en el contexto de la contingencia sanitaria que enfrentamos actualmente a nivel mundial y que pone en peligro la vida y salud de todas las personas. Asimismo, es la oportunidad propicia para plantear la reflexión nacional y mundial en la Cumbre 2021 de Sistemas Alimentarios sobre la necesidad de transitar a sistemas agroalimentarios más sanos y sustentables que faciliten el acceso de las personas a mejores condiciones de calidad. También, ha puesto en el centro de la deliberación, la preocupación compartida por el último informe del Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático (IPCC), en el la comunidad científica está observando cambios en el clima de la Tierra en todas las regiones y en el sistema climático en su conjunto. Muchos de estos cambios no tienen precedentes en cientos de miles de años, y algunosde ellos que ya se están produciendo, como el aumento continuo del nivel del mar, no se podrán revertir hasta dentro de varios siglos o milenios. La evidencia que ofrece este informe sobre la gravedad de la situación climática actual en el mundo y sobre la estrecha relación de causalidad que la conducta de nuestras sociedades guarda con tal fenómeno, es un llamado urgente para que transitemos de las actuales prácticas de producción, comercialización y consumo de alimentos, hacia modelos no solo sostenibles, sino regenerativos. No basta con producir más alimentos en forma que se minimicen los daños al planeta: debemos empezar a producir alimentos de forma que activamente restauren al hábitat, la biodiversidad y la salud y reduzcan las emisiones de fecto invernadero. Desde las mesas debate convocadas por Capítulo Mexicano del Frente Parlamentario Contra el Hambre, se manifestó la voluntad por seguir impulsando el avance en la consecución de los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas y la reiteración de nuestro compromiso para promover todas las acciones tendientes a fortalecer los sistemas agroalimentarios justos, saludables y sustentables a través de un trabajo colaborativo de las autoridades, organizaciones sociales, académicos y la sociedad civil para avanzar en mejores resultados en la Cumbre 2021 Sobre los Sistemas Alimentarios. Read less